梅花花香研究进展

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-1117

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

梅花（Prunus mume）花香主要由乙酸苯甲酯、苯甲醇、丁子香酚等苯环型/苯丙素类挥发性有机化合物组成，其花香的合成与释放具有时空特异性，同时也受到光照、温度、外源调节剂等多种因素的影响。本文中综述了近年来梅花花香研究的主要进展，重点总结了花香主要成分及其生物合成途径、分子调控机制和花香释放规律，并对未来研究方向进行了展望，以期为解析梅花花香形成机制提供参考，也为高效培育梅花新异花香品种提供重要研究思路。

关键词: 梅花, 花香, 生物合成, 分子机制

Abstract:

The floral scent of Prunus mume is mainly composed of benzenoid and phenylpropanoid volatile organic compounds. The biosynthesis and emission of floral scent in P. mume exhibit pronounced spatial and temporal specificity and are also influenced by multiple factors，including light，temperature，and exogenous regulators. This review summarizes recent advances in research on P. mume floral scent，with a focus on the major scent components and their biosynthetic pathways，molecular regulatory mechanisms，and emission patterns. Future research directions are also discussed，with the aim of providing references for elucidating the formation mechanisms of floral scent traits in P. mume and for guiding the efficient breeding of new cultivars with novel fragrance characteristics.

Key words: Prunus mume, floral fragrance, biosynthesis, molecular mechanism

岳芝伊, 李心, 王昊宁, 张启翔, 孙丽丹. 梅花花香研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(2): 467-480.

YUE Zhiyi, LI Xin, WANG Haoning, ZHANG Qixiang, SUN Lidan. Research Progress on Floral Fragrance in Prunus mume[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(2): 467-480.

图/表 3

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序号 Code	化合物Compounds	CAS		参考文献 Reference
醇类 Alcohols
1	己醇1-Hexanol	111-27-3		Hao et al.,2014a；Wang et al.,2022；Li et al.,2023
2	辛醇1-Octanol	111-87-5		金荷仙等,2003；Zhang et al.,2020a；Wang et al.,2022
3	异戊醇Isopentyl alcohol	123-51-3		Hao et al.,2021；Wang et al.,2022；杨钰等,2024
4	肉桂醇Cinnamyl alcohol	104-54-1		Hao et al.,2021；Hao et al.,2022b；Zhang et al.,2022
5	苯甲醇Benzyl alcohol	100-51-6		Hao et al.,2021,2022b；Li et al.,2023； Jia et al.,2024；Ma et al.,2025；Zhao et al.,2025
6	苯乙醇Phenylethyl alcohol		60-12-8		Li et al.,2023；Zhao et al.,2025
7	1-辛烯-3-醇1-Octen-3-ol		928-96-1		Hao et al.,2014a,2021；Wang et al.,2022
8	3-己烯-1-醇3-Hexen-1-ol		544-12-7		Hao et al.,2021；Li et al.,2023
9	3-苯丙醇3-Phenyl-1-propanol		122-97-4		Hao et al.,2021；Wang et al.,2022；Zhao et al.,2025
醛类 Aldehydes
10	苯甲醛Benzaldehyde		100-52-7		Bao et al.,2019,2020；Zhang et al.,2020a,2022；Li et al.,2023；Ma et al.,2025
11	肉桂醛Cinnamaldehyde		104-55-2		曹慧等,2009；Jia et al.,2024
12	己醛Hexanal		66-25-1		Hao et al.,2021；Li et al.,2023；杨钰等,2024
13	庚醛Heptaldehyde		111-71-7		金荷仙等,2003；Hao et al.,2014a；Zhao et al.,2025
14	辛醛Octanal		124-13-0		金荷仙等,2003；Hao et al.,2014a；Zhao et al.,2025
15	壬醛Nonanal		124-19-6		Zhang et al.,2020a；Wang et al.,2022；Zhao et al.,2025
16	癸醛Decanal		112-31-2		Hao et al.,2014a；Ma et al.,2025；Zhao et al.,2025
17	(E)-2-己烯醛 (E)-2-Hexenal		6728-26-3		Hao et al.,2021；Li et al.,2023；Jia et al.,2024
酯类 Esters
18	乙酸肉桂酯Cinnamyl acetate		103-54-8		Hao et al.,2022b；Zhang et al.,2022；Zhao et al.,2025
19	乙酸苯甲酯Benzyl acetate		140-11-4		Hao et al.,2014b,2022b；Bao et al.,2019；Wang et al.,2022；Zhang et al.,2022；Li et al.,2023；Jia et al.,2024；Ma et al.,2025；Zhao et al.,2025
20	乙酸3-苯丙酯 3-Phenylpropyl		122-72-5		Zhang et al.,2020a；Hao et al.,2021；Zhao et al.,2025
21	乙酸异戊酯Isopentyl acetate		123-92-2		Hao et al.,2014a,2021；Wang et al.,2022
22	乙酸戊酯Amyl acetate		628-63-7		Hao et al.,2021；杨钰等,2024
23	乙酸己酯Hexyl acetate		142-92-7		Hao et al.,2021,2022b；Wang et al.,2022
24	乙酸庚酯n-Heptyl acetate		112-06-1		赵印泉等,2010a；赵印泉等,2010b；Hao et al.,2021
25	乙酸辛酯n-Octyl acetate		112-14-1		Hao et al.,2014a；Zhang et al.,2020a；Wang et al.,2022
26	丁酸苯甲酯Benzyl butanoate		103-37-7		赵印泉等,2010a；Hao et al.,2021；Ma et al.,2025
27	苯甲酸苯甲酯Benzyl benzoate		120-51-4		Bao et al.,2020；Hao et al.,2021；Zhao et al.,2025
28	苯甲酸甲酯Methyl benzoate		93-58-3		Hao et al.,2014a；Zhang et al.,2020a；杨钰等,2024
29	苯甲酸乙酯Ethyl benzoate		93-89-0		王利平等,2003；Hao et al.,2021；Li et al.,2023
30	水杨酸甲酯Methyl salicylate		119-36-8		Bao et al.,2020；Zhang et al.,2020a；Hao et al.,2021
31	顺-3-己烯基乙酸酯cis-3-Hexenyl acetate		3681-71-8		Hao et al.,2021,2022b；杨钰等,2024
32	反-2-己烯基乙酸酯trans-2-Hexenyl acetate		2497-18-9		Zhang et al.,2020a；Wang et al.,2022；Ma et al.,2025
酚类 Phenols
33	胡椒酚Chavicol		501-92-8		Bao et al.,2020；Zhang et al.,2020a；Li et al.,2023
34	丁子香酚Eugenol		97-53-0		Zhang et al.,2019,2020a；Bao et al.,2020；Hao et al.,2022b；Ma et al.,2025；Zhao et al.,2025
35	甲基丁子香酚Methyleugenol		93-15-2		Hao et al.,2022b；Wang et al.,2022；Zhao et al.,2025
36	异丁子香酚Isoeugenol		97-54-1		赵印泉等,2010b,2011a；Ma et al.,2025
37	2-甲氧基-4-甲基苯酚Creosol		93-51-6		Hao et al.,2014a,2021；Zhang et al.,2020a
萜烯类及其衍生物 Terpenes and derivatives
38	樟脑Camphor		76-22-2		Hao et al.,2014a；Wang et al.,2022；Ma et al.,2025
39	β-紫罗兰酮β-Ionone		14901-07-6		Hao et al.,2014a；Zhang et al.,2020a；杨钰等,2024
40	二氢-β-紫罗兰酮Dihydro-β-ionone		17283-81-7		Zhang et al.,2020a；Hao et al.,2021；Wang et al.,2022
41	柠檬烯Limonene		138-86-3		Hao et al.,2014a；杨钰等,2024；Zhao et al.,2025
42	苯乙烯Styrene		100-42-5		曹慧等,2009；Li et al.,2023；Zhao et al.,2025
43	月桂烯Myrcene		123-35-3		赵印泉等,2010a,2011b；Hao et al.,2014a
44	莰烯Camphene		79-92-5		Hao et al.,2014a；Wang et al.,2022；杨钰等,2024
45	α-蒎烯α-Pinene		80-56-8		Hao et al.,2021；Wang et al.,2022；Zhao et al.,2025
46	D-柠檬烯D-Limonene		5989-27-5		金荷仙等,2003；Zhang et al.,2020a；Wang et al.,2022

序号 Code	化合物Compounds	CAS		参考文献 Reference
醇类 Alcohols
1	己醇1-Hexanol	111-27-3		Hao et al.,2014a；Wang et al.,2022；Li et al.,2023
2	辛醇1-Octanol	111-87-5		金荷仙等,2003；Zhang et al.,2020a；Wang et al.,2022
3	异戊醇Isopentyl alcohol	123-51-3		Hao et al.,2021；Wang et al.,2022；杨钰等,2024
4	肉桂醇Cinnamyl alcohol	104-54-1		Hao et al.,2021；Hao et al.,2022b；Zhang et al.,2022
5	苯甲醇Benzyl alcohol	100-51-6		Hao et al.,2021,2022b；Li et al.,2023； Jia et al.,2024；Ma et al.,2025；Zhao et al.,2025
6	苯乙醇Phenylethyl alcohol		60-12-8		Li et al.,2023；Zhao et al.,2025
7	1-辛烯-3-醇1-Octen-3-ol		928-96-1		Hao et al.,2014a,2021；Wang et al.,2022
8	3-己烯-1-醇3-Hexen-1-ol		544-12-7		Hao et al.,2021；Li et al.,2023
9	3-苯丙醇3-Phenyl-1-propanol		122-97-4		Hao et al.,2021；Wang et al.,2022；Zhao et al.,2025
醛类 Aldehydes
10	苯甲醛Benzaldehyde		100-52-7		Bao et al.,2019,2020；Zhang et al.,2020a,2022；Li et al.,2023；Ma et al.,2025
11	肉桂醛Cinnamaldehyde		104-55-2		曹慧等,2009；Jia et al.,2024
12	己醛Hexanal		66-25-1		Hao et al.,2021；Li et al.,2023；杨钰等,2024
13	庚醛Heptaldehyde		111-71-7		金荷仙等,2003；Hao et al.,2014a；Zhao et al.,2025
14	辛醛Octanal		124-13-0		金荷仙等,2003；Hao et al.,2014a；Zhao et al.,2025
15	壬醛Nonanal		124-19-6		Zhang et al.,2020a；Wang et al.,2022；Zhao et al.,2025
16	癸醛Decanal		112-31-2		Hao et al.,2014a；Ma et al.,2025；Zhao et al.,2025
17	(E)-2-己烯醛 (E)-2-Hexenal		6728-26-3		Hao et al.,2021；Li et al.,2023；Jia et al.,2024
酯类 Esters
18	乙酸肉桂酯Cinnamyl acetate		103-54-8		Hao et al.,2022b；Zhang et al.,2022；Zhao et al.,2025
19	乙酸苯甲酯Benzyl acetate		140-11-4		Hao et al.,2014b,2022b；Bao et al.,2019；Wang et al.,2022；Zhang et al.,2022；Li et al.,2023；Jia et al.,2024；Ma et al.,2025；Zhao et al.,2025
20	乙酸3-苯丙酯 3-Phenylpropyl		122-72-5		Zhang et al.,2020a；Hao et al.,2021；Zhao et al.,2025
21	乙酸异戊酯Isopentyl acetate		123-92-2		Hao et al.,2014a,2021；Wang et al.,2022
22	乙酸戊酯Amyl acetate		628-63-7		Hao et al.,2021；杨钰等,2024
23	乙酸己酯Hexyl acetate		142-92-7		Hao et al.,2021,2022b；Wang et al.,2022
24	乙酸庚酯n-Heptyl acetate		112-06-1		赵印泉等,2010a；赵印泉等,2010b；Hao et al.,2021
25	乙酸辛酯n-Octyl acetate		112-14-1		Hao et al.,2014a；Zhang et al.,2020a；Wang et al.,2022
26	丁酸苯甲酯Benzyl butanoate		103-37-7		赵印泉等,2010a；Hao et al.,2021；Ma et al.,2025
27	苯甲酸苯甲酯Benzyl benzoate		120-51-4		Bao et al.,2020；Hao et al.,2021；Zhao et al.,2025
28	苯甲酸甲酯Methyl benzoate		93-58-3		Hao et al.,2014a；Zhang et al.,2020a；杨钰等,2024
29	苯甲酸乙酯Ethyl benzoate		93-89-0		王利平等,2003；Hao et al.,2021；Li et al.,2023
30	水杨酸甲酯Methyl salicylate		119-36-8		Bao et al.,2020；Zhang et al.,2020a；Hao et al.,2021
31	顺-3-己烯基乙酸酯cis-3-Hexenyl acetate		3681-71-8		Hao et al.,2021,2022b；杨钰等,2024
32	反-2-己烯基乙酸酯trans-2-Hexenyl acetate		2497-18-9		Zhang et al.,2020a；Wang et al.,2022；Ma et al.,2025
酚类 Phenols
33	胡椒酚Chavicol		501-92-8		Bao et al.,2020；Zhang et al.,2020a；Li et al.,2023
34	丁子香酚Eugenol		97-53-0		Zhang et al.,2019,2020a；Bao et al.,2020；Hao et al.,2022b；Ma et al.,2025；Zhao et al.,2025
35	甲基丁子香酚Methyleugenol		93-15-2		Hao et al.,2022b；Wang et al.,2022；Zhao et al.,2025
36	异丁子香酚Isoeugenol		97-54-1		赵印泉等,2010b,2011a；Ma et al.,2025
37	2-甲氧基-4-甲基苯酚Creosol		93-51-6		Hao et al.,2014a,2021；Zhang et al.,2020a
萜烯类及其衍生物 Terpenes and derivatives
38	樟脑Camphor		76-22-2		Hao et al.,2014a；Wang et al.,2022；Ma et al.,2025
39	β-紫罗兰酮β-Ionone		14901-07-6		Hao et al.,2014a；Zhang et al.,2020a；杨钰等,2024
40	二氢-β-紫罗兰酮Dihydro-β-ionone		17283-81-7		Zhang et al.,2020a；Hao et al.,2021；Wang et al.,2022
41	柠檬烯Limonene		138-86-3		Hao et al.,2014a；杨钰等,2024；Zhao et al.,2025
42	苯乙烯Styrene		100-42-5		曹慧等,2009；Li et al.,2023；Zhao et al.,2025
43	月桂烯Myrcene		123-35-3		赵印泉等,2010a,2011b；Hao et al.,2014a
44	莰烯Camphene		79-92-5		Hao et al.,2014a；Wang et al.,2022；杨钰等,2024
45	α-蒎烯α-Pinene		80-56-8		Hao et al.,2021；Wang et al.,2022；Zhao et al.,2025
46	D-柠檬烯D-Limonene		5989-27-5		金荷仙等,2003；Zhang et al.,2020a；Wang et al.,2022