兰属种间杂种花香成分特征分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0471

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以春兰‘宋梅’（Cymbidium georingii‘Songmei’）作为母本、墨兰‘翠玉’（C. sinense‘Cuiyu’）作为父本，培育筛选出两个杂交子代O1和O2，测定其花形态指标，并采用顶空—固相微萃取（HS–SPME）和气相色谱—质谱联用技术（GC–MS）测定挥发性成分。结果表明：在形态指标上，杂交子代的主瓣宽、捧瓣宽、副瓣宽和一箭着花数等特征与母本亲缘关系更近；而花莛颜色、花色、舌色和花瓣条纹等特征与父本亲缘关系更近。在花香成分上，共检测出38种挥发性成分，包括醇类、萜烯类、酯类、烃类、醛类、酮类、烷烃类和酸类等8类。相较于父本，子代株系的共有成分相对含量显著降低，香气物质种类表现出明显的特异性。O1的香型特征为果香型和清香型，主要香气影响物质为醛类；O2香气成分种类的丰富度更高，香型特征为清香型，主要香气影响物质为醇类。结合成分种类和含量，萜烯类、醇类和酮类是国兰重要的香气成分，甲基庚烯酮为国兰香味的特征物质。挥发性成分的种类和含量是构成国兰香气的物质基础，利用杂交手段可以培育出具有独特香气类型的杂交后代。

关键词: 兰属, 国兰, 花香, 挥发性成分

Abstract: Two hybrid progenies，O1 and O2，screened from Cymbidium georingii‘Songmei’（female）and C. sinense‘Cuiyu’（male），were evaluated. The floral morphological indicators were determined. Besides，headspace solid-phase microextraction（HS–SPME）combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC–MS）was used to determine the volatile components. Results showed that morphological indicators，such as main petal width，hold flap width，side petal width，and the number of inflorescence of hybrid progenies，were more similar to those of the female parent. On the contrary，traits like scape color，flower color，tongue color，and petal stripes of hybrid progenies were more similar to those of the male parent. Thirty-eight components were identified and sorted into eight major compounds based on their chemical structures：alcohols，terpenoids，esters，alkanes，aldehydes，ketones，alkanes，and acids. Compared with the male parent，the relative contents of common components of progenies significantly reduced，and the aroma substances showed specificity. The O1 had a fruity and green odor，with aldehydes as the main aroma-influencing substances；in contrast，O2 had a higher diversity of fragrance components，with a green odor characterized mainly by alcohol. Based on the characteristics of the components，terpenoids，alcohols，and ketones were critical aroma components of Chinese orchids，with methyl heptenone being a fundamental fragrance substance. The types and content of volatile components determine the material basis of the fragrance of Chinese orchids，and hybrids with unique fragrance types can be bred through hybridization.

Key words: Cymbidium, Chinese orchid, floral scent, volatile compounds

中图分类号:

S 682.31

汪锦, 高丽, 贺红宇, 涂勋良, 蒋彧. 兰属种间杂种花香成分特征分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(4): 897-907.

WANG Jin, GAO Li, HE Hongyu, TU Xunliang, JIANG Yu. Characteristic Analysis of Aroma Components in Interspecific Hybrids of Cymbidium[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(4): 897-907.

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