巨花蔷薇杂交子代花香成分解析与释香部位研究

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0919

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

月季（Rosa spp.）被誉为“花中皇后”，其花香具有重要的观赏价值和商业价值，目前市面上的产品香型多集中于由大马士革蔷薇（R. damascena）等带来的玫瑰香，而对其他香型的研究较少。巨花蔷薇（R. gigantea）原产中国，香气独特。以‘月月粉’（R. chinensis‘Old Blush’）与巨花蔷薇杂交获得的12个子代为材料，通过挥发性物质代谢组学与组织化学染色技术，系统解析其花香成分的组成、遗传特性及释香部位。结果表明，从子代中共鉴定出39种主要花香物质，以萜类和苯丙烷类为主，其中丁香酚的含量差异是子代分类的关键依据，表现出质量性状遗传特征；花香物质的种类与含量无法有效区分重瓣与单瓣类群。组织化学染色显示，花瓣的上、下表皮均存在富含颗粒前体物质的发香团结构，是香气释放的主要部位，子代在发香团形态与分布上继承了亲本的特征，但脂类释放模式在父本中具特异性。

关键词: 巨花蔷薇, 杂交F₁代, 花香成分, 释香部位

Abstract:

Known as the“Queen of Flowers”，Rosa spp. boasts significant ornamental and commercial value attributed to its floral fragrance. Currently，most products derived from rose scent are dominated by the rose fragrance type sourced from R. damascena，while research on other fragrance types remains limited. R. gigantea，a species endemic to China，exhibits a distinctive aroma. Therefore，twelve progenies obtained from the hybridization of R. chinensis‘Old Blush’and R. gigantea were employed as experimental materials. Through integrated analyses of volatile metabolomics and histochemical staining techniques， the composition，genetic characteristics，and fragrance-releasing tissues of floral scent components in these progenies were systematically elucidated. The results demonstrated that a total of 39 primary aromatic compounds were identified in the progenies，predominantly terpenoids and phenylpropanoids. Among these，the differential content of eugenol served as the key criterion for progeny classification，displaying the genetic characteristics of a qualitative trait. Notably，neither the type nor the content of aromatic substances could effectively distinguish between double-petaled and single-petaled groups. Histochemical staining revealed that both the adaxial and abaxial epidermis of petals contained osmophore structures enriched with granular precursor substances，which function as the primary sites for fragrance emission. The progenies inherited the parental traits in terms of osmophore morphology and distribution，whereas the lipid release pattern exhibited paternal specificity.

Key words: Rosa gigantea, hybrid F₁ generation, floral fragrance components, fragrant parts

刘庭函, 张一凡, 陈沄毅, 周利君, 刘雨晨, 吴思惠, 罗乐, 于超. 巨花蔷薇杂交子代花香成分解析与释香部位研究[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(2): 585-597.

LIU Tinghan, ZHANG Yifan, CHEN Yunyi, ZHOU Lijun, LIU Yuchen, WU Sihui, LUO Le, YU Chao. Analysis of Flower Fragrance Components and Study on Fragrance Release Parts in Hybrid Offspring of Rosa gigantea[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(2): 585-597.

图/表 7

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保留时间/ Min Retention time	化合物类型 Compound type	化合物Compound	OG1	OG2	OG3	OG4	OG5	OG6	OG7	OG8	OG9	OG10	OG11	OG12
9.289	萜类化合物Terpenoids	月桂烯 Myrcene	74.97	37.58	15.06	14.63	6.59	21.67	1.62	107.39	75.44	18.35	42.74	40.32
17.748		荜澄茄油烯 Cubenene	90.14	92.85	17.37	108.14	93.10	10.05	108.25	75.07	318.00	166.34	46.01	91.99
18.698		α-古巴烯 α-Copaene	294.34	167.17	5.41	316.56	358.69	17.86	71.42	137.48	674.94	124.46	174.84	83.09
18.887		茶香螺烷 Theaspirane	914.21	746.87	1000.46	2254.64	2222.32	1714.06	951.35	1403.41	2271.04	816.60	409.14	248.43
19.833		(-)-β-荜澄茄油烯 (-)-β-Cubebene	13.91	－	7.01	110.70	291.47	13.46	－	26.14	－	－	48.92	25.47
20.18		芳樟醇 Linalool	334.27	629.83	506.10	1349.54	1733.35	3040.43	195.94	128.61	118.37	216.65	235.55	508.56
21.281		β-石竹烯 Caryophyllene	73.80	22.11	58.58	65.19	67.04	60.45	1.89	37.29	112.83	60.32	38.59	11.65
23.291		柠檬醛 Neral	1681.23	1518.21	1264.61	958.76	51.51	703.96	13.98	4550.96	5398.94	2923.56	1406.13	742.29
23.467		衣兰油烯 Muurolene	228.69	264.53	54.87	252.01	452.27	160.23	160.91	129.24	405.24	233.77	105.75	222.60
23.899		右旋大根香叶烯 Germacrene D	1416.59	908.89	83.79	1713.65	1930.10	25.55	857.00	382.90	2798.18	1330.81	290.88	797.04
24.495		(E)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯醛 2,6-Octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl-, (E)-	1064.85	611.94	634.00	512.85	49.07	348.01	10.63	2078.65	2040.82	1287.92	801.30	378.44
25.022		β-杜松烯 β-Cadinene	1359.73	1012.53	127.16	1744.50	1358.12	54.14	1063.89	868.77	2816.44	1141.65	798.41	707.88
25.969		橙花醇 Nerol	60.01	108.61	258.68	133.27	14.20	120.07	14.93	289.10	376.70	171.41	55.18	515.14
27.012	萜类化合物Terpenoids	香叶醇 Geraniol	3417.31	1409.42	1164.23	1082.84	61.04	934.18	61.67	1581.26	1534.58	1786.46	899.13	1538.65
28.309		α-卡拉松烯 Calacorene	62.16	51.55	9.16	68.42	52.36	7.72	39.83	41.92	107.09	49.43	31.73	30.28
28.823		β-紫罗兰酮 Irisone	1283.63	752.00	770.79	90.88	1061.95	765.46	1267.71	1502.91	2014.54	1513.28	1335.10	1005.12
29.496		二氢-β-紫罗兰醇 alpha,2,6,6-tetramethylcyclohexene-1-propan-1-ol	1695.61	1292.89	1292.47	273.39	2723.06	779.86	1533.21	1097.65	1908.33	1938.51	954.73	678.80
33.327		T-杜松醇 T-cadinol	132.89	98.62	18.63	217.24	110.71	2.41	115.75	129.32	281.33	109.32	74.44	49.73
34.394		α-毕橙茄醇 α-Cadinol	54.24	39.64	6.61	90.45	42.22	1.01	46.01	52.77	101.79	36.15	28.87	19.72
19.311	苯丙烷类化合物 Phenylprop- anoids	苯甲醛 Benzaldehyde	723.69	787.64	595.49	574.44	584.12	539.31	215.88	836.99	1252.30	782.92	404.04	132.16
22.2		苯乙醛 Benzeneacetaldehyde	789.97	638.87	513.66	581.80	594.87	482.17	598.21	1029.01	940.65	743.11	686.59	669.31
26.856		3,5-二甲氧基甲苯 3,5-Dimethoxytoluene	1901.50	1077.22	1712.73	1841.52	2860.86	987.02	1628.95	410.22	3745.15	2698.14	717.20	1588.42
27.477		苯甲醇 Benzyl alcohol	468.21	621.10	736.33	546.74	514.74	674.27	384.87	265.88	660.05	554.80	174.54	427.35
28.201		苯乙醇 Phenylethyl alcohol	158.87	158.63	109.82	264.50	123.40	184.52	167.41	91.00	142.94	125.30	52.12	189.11
30.274		甲基丁香酚 Methyleugenol	342.43	914.68	320.64	252.00	1101.42	94.03	1154.15	178.20	340.69	352.20	74.68	327.77
32.789		1,3,5-三甲氧基苯 1,3,5-Trimethoxybenzene	259.81	190.79	288.13	2469.17	1498.29	659.01	357.48	73.32	305.95	872.52	222.76	428.27
33.128		丁香酚 Eugenol	－	－	3178.40	－	7740.34	1653.52	－	6238.88	4941.66	－	－	－
36.167		4-烯丙基苯酚 4-Allylphenol	79.79	318.63	108.56	34.32	188.68	40.27	48.74	32.29	49.22	52.30	27.30	49.95
36.312		反式-异丁香酚 trans-Isoeugenol	394.36	546.59	207.45	148.12	310.83	139.01	211.26	224.85	351.27	251.75	76.58	86.88
7.027	脂肪酸衍生物 Fatty acid derivatives	正己醛 Hexanal	525.87	550.39	813.91	437.78	587.00	480.21	408.36	263.11	1198.55	243.21	219.80	224.55
9.643		1-戊烯-3-醇 1-Penten-3-ol	107.28	120.08	60.57	67.78	93.86	89.14	45.05	73.07	64.34	85.41	42.09	72.49
11.056		2-己烯醛 2-Hexenal	1481.36	1064.34	526.95	905.48	839.92	538.72	578.01	1919.94	1207.11	1580.10	1571.75	734.62
13.026		3-羟基-2-丁酮 Acetoin	－	－	0.77	1.49	0.65	1.89	4.23	0.71	3.76	0.79	0.52	321.19
15.154		正己醇 1-Hexanol	－	－	254.71	－	－	281.87	338.66	－	－	－	142.12	332.33
16.074		壬醛 Nonanal	167.07	102.64	64.64	56.66	107.43	60.04	43.02	27.94	68.82	57.04	52.71	20.02
17.905		(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛 2,4-Heptadienal, (E,E)-	119.89	83.55	36.73	77.69	101.49	58.99	28.81	100.09	120.05	117.36	82.07	98.28
24.993		乙酸香叶酯 Geranyl acetate	53.99	41.28	－	31.82	－	－	－	88.61	274.16	34.71	10.25	21.84
11.411	其他Others	2-正戊基呋喃 Furan, 2-pentyl-	37.49	53.35	126.76	61.80	60.69	98.25	71.15	14.60	91.98	35.19	12.48	43.99

保留时间/ Min Retention time	化合物类型 Compound type	化合物Compound	OG1	OG2	OG3	OG4	OG5	OG6	OG7	OG8	OG9	OG10	OG11	OG12
9.289	萜类化合物Terpenoids	月桂烯 Myrcene	74.97	37.58	15.06	14.63	6.59	21.67	1.62	107.39	75.44	18.35	42.74	40.32
17.748		荜澄茄油烯 Cubenene	90.14	92.85	17.37	108.14	93.10	10.05	108.25	75.07	318.00	166.34	46.01	91.99
18.698		α-古巴烯 α-Copaene	294.34	167.17	5.41	316.56	358.69	17.86	71.42	137.48	674.94	124.46	174.84	83.09
18.887		茶香螺烷 Theaspirane	914.21	746.87	1000.46	2254.64	2222.32	1714.06	951.35	1403.41	2271.04	816.60	409.14	248.43
19.833		(-)-β-荜澄茄油烯 (-)-β-Cubebene	13.91	－	7.01	110.70	291.47	13.46	－	26.14	－	－	48.92	25.47
20.18		芳樟醇 Linalool	334.27	629.83	506.10	1349.54	1733.35	3040.43	195.94	128.61	118.37	216.65	235.55	508.56
21.281		β-石竹烯 Caryophyllene	73.80	22.11	58.58	65.19	67.04	60.45	1.89	37.29	112.83	60.32	38.59	11.65
23.291		柠檬醛 Neral	1681.23	1518.21	1264.61	958.76	51.51	703.96	13.98	4550.96	5398.94	2923.56	1406.13	742.29
23.467		衣兰油烯 Muurolene	228.69	264.53	54.87	252.01	452.27	160.23	160.91	129.24	405.24	233.77	105.75	222.60
23.899		右旋大根香叶烯 Germacrene D	1416.59	908.89	83.79	1713.65	1930.10	25.55	857.00	382.90	2798.18	1330.81	290.88	797.04
24.495		(E)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯醛 2,6-Octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl-, (E)-	1064.85	611.94	634.00	512.85	49.07	348.01	10.63	2078.65	2040.82	1287.92	801.30	378.44
25.022		β-杜松烯 β-Cadinene	1359.73	1012.53	127.16	1744.50	1358.12	54.14	1063.89	868.77	2816.44	1141.65	798.41	707.88
25.969		橙花醇 Nerol	60.01	108.61	258.68	133.27	14.20	120.07	14.93	289.10	376.70	171.41	55.18	515.14
27.012	萜类化合物Terpenoids	香叶醇 Geraniol	3417.31	1409.42	1164.23	1082.84	61.04	934.18	61.67	1581.26	1534.58	1786.46	899.13	1538.65
28.309		α-卡拉松烯 Calacorene	62.16	51.55	9.16	68.42	52.36	7.72	39.83	41.92	107.09	49.43	31.73	30.28
28.823		β-紫罗兰酮 Irisone	1283.63	752.00	770.79	90.88	1061.95	765.46	1267.71	1502.91	2014.54	1513.28	1335.10	1005.12
29.496		二氢-β-紫罗兰醇 alpha,2,6,6-tetramethylcyclohexene-1-propan-1-ol	1695.61	1292.89	1292.47	273.39	2723.06	779.86	1533.21	1097.65	1908.33	1938.51	954.73	678.80
33.327		T-杜松醇 T-cadinol	132.89	98.62	18.63	217.24	110.71	2.41	115.75	129.32	281.33	109.32	74.44	49.73
34.394		α-毕橙茄醇 α-Cadinol	54.24	39.64	6.61	90.45	42.22	1.01	46.01	52.77	101.79	36.15	28.87	19.72
19.311	苯丙烷类化合物 Phenylprop- anoids	苯甲醛 Benzaldehyde	723.69	787.64	595.49	574.44	584.12	539.31	215.88	836.99	1252.30	782.92	404.04	132.16
22.2		苯乙醛 Benzeneacetaldehyde	789.97	638.87	513.66	581.80	594.87	482.17	598.21	1029.01	940.65	743.11	686.59	669.31
26.856		3,5-二甲氧基甲苯 3,5-Dimethoxytoluene	1901.50	1077.22	1712.73	1841.52	2860.86	987.02	1628.95	410.22	3745.15	2698.14	717.20	1588.42
27.477		苯甲醇 Benzyl alcohol	468.21	621.10	736.33	546.74	514.74	674.27	384.87	265.88	660.05	554.80	174.54	427.35
28.201		苯乙醇 Phenylethyl alcohol	158.87	158.63	109.82	264.50	123.40	184.52	167.41	91.00	142.94	125.30	52.12	189.11
30.274		甲基丁香酚 Methyleugenol	342.43	914.68	320.64	252.00	1101.42	94.03	1154.15	178.20	340.69	352.20	74.68	327.77
32.789		1,3,5-三甲氧基苯 1,3,5-Trimethoxybenzene	259.81	190.79	288.13	2469.17	1498.29	659.01	357.48	73.32	305.95	872.52	222.76	428.27
33.128		丁香酚 Eugenol	－	－	3178.40	－	7740.34	1653.52	－	6238.88	4941.66	－	－	－
36.167		4-烯丙基苯酚 4-Allylphenol	79.79	318.63	108.56	34.32	188.68	40.27	48.74	32.29	49.22	52.30	27.30	49.95
36.312		反式-异丁香酚 trans-Isoeugenol	394.36	546.59	207.45	148.12	310.83	139.01	211.26	224.85	351.27	251.75	76.58	86.88
7.027	脂肪酸衍生物 Fatty acid derivatives	正己醛 Hexanal	525.87	550.39	813.91	437.78	587.00	480.21	408.36	263.11	1198.55	243.21	219.80	224.55
9.643		1-戊烯-3-醇 1-Penten-3-ol	107.28	120.08	60.57	67.78	93.86	89.14	45.05	73.07	64.34	85.41	42.09	72.49
11.056		2-己烯醛 2-Hexenal	1481.36	1064.34	526.95	905.48	839.92	538.72	578.01	1919.94	1207.11	1580.10	1571.75	734.62
13.026		3-羟基-2-丁酮 Acetoin	－	－	0.77	1.49	0.65	1.89	4.23	0.71	3.76	0.79	0.52	321.19
15.154		正己醇 1-Hexanol	－	－	254.71	－	－	281.87	338.66	－	－	－	142.12	332.33
16.074		壬醛 Nonanal	167.07	102.64	64.64	56.66	107.43	60.04	43.02	27.94	68.82	57.04	52.71	20.02
17.905		(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛 2,4-Heptadienal, (E,E)-	119.89	83.55	36.73	77.69	101.49	58.99	28.81	100.09	120.05	117.36	82.07	98.28
24.993		乙酸香叶酯 Geranyl acetate	53.99	41.28	－	31.82	－	－	－	88.61	274.16	34.71	10.25	21.84
11.411	其他Others	2-正戊基呋喃 Furan, 2-pentyl-	37.49	53.35	126.76	61.80	60.69	98.25	71.15	14.60	91.98	35.19	12.48	43.99