腋唇兰花香成分鉴定和关键调控基因挖掘

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0861

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以腋唇兰（Maxillaria tenuifolia）为研究对象，系统分析了其4个花器官（萼片、花瓣、唇瓣和合蕊柱）的花香成分及代谢特征。通过气相色谱—质谱联用技术（GC-MS）对各花器官中的挥发性有机化合物进行测定，并结合转录组数据筛选了参与关键花香成分合成的候选基因。结果表明，在鉴定出的31种香气成分中，萼片中的挥发性物质最为丰富（30种），总含量最高，达到96.55 μg · g^-1 FW。基于相对气味活度值（relative odor activity values，ROAV）分析，确定δ-癸内酯、马索亚内酯和δ-杜松烯为腋唇兰的主要香气成分，共同赋予其椰奶与草药融合的香气。转录组分析显示，多个与花香合成相关的差异表达基因主要富集于萜类、苯丙烷类、类黄酮以及脂肪酸代谢等通路。通过整合代谢与转录数据，进一步筛选出5个候选调控基因，分别为FAD、HMGR、MYB、TPS、WRKY，这些基因在腋唇兰花香合成调控网络中可能发挥关键作用。

关键词: 腋唇兰, 兰科, 花香, 转录调控, 挥发性物质

Abstract:

This study systematically investigated the floral scent composition and metabolic characteristics of four floral organs（sepals，petals，lip，and column）in Maxillaria tenuifolia. Volatile organic compounds from each organ were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS），and transcriptome data were integrated to identify candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of key aroma constituents. The results revealed significant differences in the variety and relative content of scent compounds among the floral organs. Among the 31 aroma compounds identified in total，the sepals exhibited the highest diversity（30 compounds）and the highest total volatile content（96.55 μg · g^-1 FW）. Based on relative odor activity value（ROAV）analysis，δ-decalactone，massoia lactone，and δ-cadinene were determined as the main contributors to the characteristic aroma，imparting a distinctive scent profile blending coconut and herbal notes. Transcriptome analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes associated with floral scent biosynthesis were predominantly enriched in pathways such as terpenoid，phenylpropanoid，flavonoid，and fatty acid metabolism. By integrating metabolic and transcriptomic data，5 candidate regulatory genes（FAD，HMGR，MYB，TPS，WRKY）were further screened，which are likely to play key roles in the regulatory network of scent biosynthesis in M. tenuifolia.

Key words: Maxillaria tenuifolia, Orchidaceae, floral scent, transcriptional regulation, volatile compounds

魏永路, 叶广英, 高洁, 金建鹏, 陆楚桥, 李杰, 谢琦, 苟亚军, 朱根发, 杨凤玺. 腋唇兰花香成分鉴定和关键调控基因挖掘[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(2): 538-556.

WEI Yonglu, YE Guangying, GAO Jie, JIN Jianpeng, LU Chuqiao, LI Jie, XIE Qie, GOU Yajun, ZHU Genfa, YANG Fengxi. Integrated Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis of Floral Scent in Maxillaria tenuifolia[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(2): 538-556.

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类别 Category	基因名称 Gene name	序列ID Sequence ID	正向引物序列（5′-3′） Forward primer sequence	反向引物序列（5′-3′） Reverse primer sequence
结构基因 Structural gene	TPS	Mte34245	CTGCATCGTCAATCCTGTCA	CACTTAAGGACGGAGAGCAC
	HMGR	Mte37089	ATAAAGCTCCTCACCCCCTT	GTCGGAAGCCTGGACTTTAG
	FAD	Mte38831	ATCCTCCATTCCCTGGTTCA	TATAGATTGGGCCGTAGGGG
转录因子 Transcription factor	WRKY	Mte37746	CCCGAAGAGTGATGGTTCTG	TCCAGCTATAGCCGTCATCA
转录因子 Transcription factor	MYB	Mte39919	TTCACCAAAATGTACCGCCA	TGTCACAAATCTCCCCTCCT

类别 Category	基因名称 Gene name	序列ID Sequence ID	正向引物序列（5′-3′） Forward primer sequence	反向引物序列（5′-3′） Reverse primer sequence
结构基因 Structural gene	TPS	Mte34245	CTGCATCGTCAATCCTGTCA	CACTTAAGGACGGAGAGCAC
	HMGR	Mte37089	ATAAAGCTCCTCACCCCCTT	GTCGGAAGCCTGGACTTTAG
	FAD	Mte38831	ATCCTCCATTCCCTGGTTCA	TATAGATTGGGCCGTAGGGG
转录因子 Transcription factor	WRKY	Mte37746	CCCGAAGAGTGATGGTTCTG	TCCAGCTATAGCCGTCATCA
转录因子 Transcription factor	MYB	Mte39919	TTCACCAAAATGTACCGCCA	TGTCACAAATCTCCCCTCCT

样本 Sample	萜类 Terpenoids	酯类 Esters	醛类 Aldehydes	醇类 Alcohols	酮类 Ketones	酸类 Acids	烷烃类 Alkanes	其他 Others
萼片 Sepal	33.92	16.84	12.43	10.69	5.01	6.3	7.71	7.11
花瓣 Petal	21.03	22.48	9.12	9.90	—	—	17.64	19.85
唇瓣 Lip	31.69	29.32	6.85	0.91	5.96	—	18.09	7.18
合蕊柱 Column	44.36	3.37	10.08	1.53	—	—	23.09	17.57

样本 Sample	萜类 Terpenoids	酯类 Esters	醛类 Aldehydes	醇类 Alcohols	酮类 Ketones	酸类 Acids	烷烃类 Alkanes	其他 Others
萼片 Sepal	33.92	16.84	12.43	10.69	5.01	6.3	7.71	7.11
花瓣 Petal	21.03	22.48	9.12	9.90	—	—	17.64	19.85
唇瓣 Lip	31.69	29.32	6.85	0.91	5.96	—	18.09	7.18
合蕊柱 Column	44.36	3.37	10.08	1.53	—	—	23.09	17.57

挥发性成分分类 Volatile component classification	组分 Component	萼片 Sepal	花瓣 Petal	唇瓣 Lip	合蕊柱 Column
萜类 Terpenoids	α-松油烯 α-Terpinene	0.08 ± 0.01	0.06 ± 0.02	—	—
	D-柠檬烯 D-Limonene	0.04 ± 0.01	—	—	—
	α-古巴烯 α-Copaene	2.79 ± 0.64	0.53 ± 0.08	1.18 ± 0.22	4.41 ± 0.92
	(E)-石竹烯 (E)-Caryophyllene	18.26 ± 1.44	5.53 ± 0.54	23.13 ± 0.45	21.76 ± 2.00
	δ-杜松烯 δ-Cadinene	1.42 ± 0.15	3.05 ± 0.15	3.16 ± 0.16	13.16 ± 1.8
	石竹烯氧化物 Caryophyllene oxide	0.60 ± 0.01	1.72 ± 0.05	1.66 ± 0.10	4.83 ± 0.4
	α-蒎烯 α-Pinene	0.01 ± 0.00	0.04 ± 0.00	0.04 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.06
	月桂烯 Myrcene	0.1 ± 0.00	0.06 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.02	—
	长叶烯 Longifolene	0.07 ± 0.01	—	—	—
	α-红没药醇 α-Bisabolol^*	4.22 ± 0.22	—	—	—
	西柏烯 Cembrene^*	6.32 ± 0.19	10.02 ± 0.65	2.45 ± 0.03	—
酯类 Esters	δ-癸内酯 δ-Decalactone	13.69 ± 0.8	21.71 ± 1.76	21.32 ± 1.19	—
	肉桂酸异丙酯Isopropyl 3-phenylpropenoate^*	0.92 ± 0.01	—	—	2.95 ± 0.13
	马索亚内酯 Massoia lactone^*	1.24 ± 0.1	—	1.69 ± 0.18	—
	戊酸甲酯 Methyl pentanoate^*	0.99 ± 0.12	0.77 ± 0.05	0.75 ± 0.08	0.42 ± 0.06
	香草酸甲酯 Methyl vanillate^*	—	—	5.56 ± 0.17	—
醛类 Aldehydes	壬醛 Nonanal	6.18 ± 0.71	3.91 ± 0.13	6.32 ± 0.18	9.03 ± 0.48
	香兰素 Vanillin^*	6.16 ± 1.07	5.04 ± 0.3	—	—
	(E)-2-庚烯醛 (E)-2-Heptenal^*	0.03 ± 0.01	0.06 ± 0.03	0.29 ± 0.01	0.64 ± 0.05
	2-辛烯醛 2-Octenal^*	0.06 ± 0.00	0.11 ± 0.01	0.24 ± 0.01	0.41 ± 0.03
醇类 Alcohols	香叶基香叶醇 Geranylgeraniol^*	5.08 ± 0.44	0.33 ± 0.04	—	—
	3-羟基-4-甲氧基苄醇 3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol^*	4.82 ± 0.45	8.88 ± 0.65	—	—
	4-甲基-1-戊醇 4-Methyl-1-pentanol^*	0.63 ± 0.01	0.58 ± 0.04	0.8 ± 0.06	1.53 ± 0.04
	(E)-2-辛烯-1-醇 (E)-2-Octen-1-ol^*	0.1 ± 0.02	—	—	—
	1-辛醇 1-Octanol^*	0.06 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.02	0.11 ± 0.01	—
酮类 Ketones	环十五烷酮 Cyclopentadecanone	5.01 ± 0.88	—	5.96 ± 0.41	—
酸类 Acids	壬酸 Nonanoic acid^*	4.93 ± 0.81	—	—	—
	神经酸 Neric acid^*	1.37 ± 0.12	—	—	—
烷烃类 Alkanes	角鲨烷 Squalane^*	7.71 ± 1.06	17.64 ± 0.56	18.09 ± 0.88	23.09 ± 0.13
其他 Others	4-甲基喹啉1-氧化物 4-Methylquinoline 1-oxide^*	6.95 ± 0.45	19.48 ± 1.08	6.91 ± 0.26	17.57 ± 1.47
	2-甲氧基苯酚 2-Methoxyphenol^*	0.16 ± 0.01	0.37 ± 0.02	0.27 ± 0.01	—