不同品种有髯鸢尾（Iris × barbata）花挥发性成分的GC-IMS分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0379

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用气相色谱—离子迁移谱（gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry，GC-IMS）技术，对16个品种有髯鸢尾（Iris × barbata）盛花期的花挥发性成分进行分析。共鉴定出55种化合物，包括21种脂肪酸衍生物、17种萜类化合物、3种苯类/苯丙素化合物、1种杂环化合物和13种无法鉴定的化合物。16个品种的花均以萜类化合物为主，脂肪酸衍生物次之。不同品种花挥发性成分组成差异较大，总体而言，芳樟醇、α-蒎烯、双戊烯、β-蒎烯、异戊酸甲酯、月桂烯、2-甲基丁醇、3-甲基-2-丁烯醛、正己醇、2-甲基丁酸甲酯是供试有髯鸢尾的主要花挥发性成分。相对气味活度值（relative odor activity values，ROAV）分析表明，2-甲基丁酸甲酯、仲辛酮、月桂烯和α-蒎烯是16个品种有髯鸢尾花的特征香气物质，使其具有果香和辛香，芳樟醇赋予部分品种花香。

关键词: 有髯鸢尾, 气相色谱—离子迁移谱, 挥发性成分, 花香

Abstract:

To identify the composition of floral volatile components and characteristic aromas of Iris × barbata，the flower volatile compounds of 16 bearded iris cultivars in full bloom were analyzed using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry（GC-IMS）A total of 55 volatile compounds were identified，including 21 fatty acid derivatives，17 terpenoids，3 benzenoids/phenylpropanoids，1 miscellaneous cyclic compound and 13 unidentified compounds. Terpenoids dominated all 16 bearded iris cultivars，followed by fatty acid derivatives. The composition of volatile compounds varied among the cultivars. Principal component analysis（PCA）indicated that α-pinene，linalool，β-pinene，limonene，myrcene，methyl 2-methylbutyrate，2-methylbutanol，methyl isovalerate，hexanol，and 3-methyl-2-butenal were the major volatile compounds in bearded iris. Analysis of relative odor activity values（ROAV）showed that methyl 2-methylbutyrate，2-octanone，myrcene and α-pinene were the main aromacontributors to the fruity and spicy aromas of the 16 bearded iris cultivars，and linalool contributed to the floral aroma of some varieties.

Key words: Iris × barbata, GC-IMS, volatile components, floral aroma

孙俊明, 李晓云, 朱莹, 娄倩, 陈红武. 不同品种有髯鸢尾（Iris × barbata）花挥发性成分的GC-IMS分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(6): 1619-1632.

SUN Junming, LI Xiaoyun, ZHU Ying, LOU Qian, and CHEN Hongwu. Analysis of Floral Volatile Components Among Different Bearded Iris Cultivars Using GC-IMS[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(6): 1619-1632.

图/表 10

图1 16个品种有髯鸢尾花朵

Fig. 1 Flowers of 16 Iris × barbata cultivars

图2 有髯鸢尾‘Everything Plus’的花朵结构

Fig. 2 Flower structure of Iris × barbata‘Everything Plus’

图3 16个品种有髯鸢尾的GC-IMS二维谱图（A）和差异谱图（B）颜色代表物质的峰强度，红色越深表示峰强度增大。C1 ~ C16代表有髯鸢尾品种名，详见图1，下同

Fig. 3 GC-IMS two-dimensional spectra（A）and differential spectra（B）in 16 Iris × barbata cultivars The color indicates peak intensity，the darker the red color，the greater the intensity of the peak. The names of bearded iris represented by C1-C16 are the same as in Fig. 1，the same below

图4 16个品种有髯鸢尾的指纹图谱颜色越亮表示含量越高，颜色越暗表示含量越低。*表示多聚体

Fig. 4 Fingerprint of 16 Iris × barbata cultivars Brighter colors indicate higher levels and darker colors indicate lower levels. * Denotes multimerization

图5 不同品种有髯鸢尾花挥发性成分种类和含量对比不同的小写字母表示在P < 0.05水平上差异显著

Fig. 5 Comparison of the volatile components number and content in different Iris × barbata cultivars Different lowercase letters indicate significantly difference at P < 0.05 level

图6 部分挥发性成分在16个品种有髯鸢尾中的分布左侧条形图表示每个品种所含的共有化合物数量；顶部的条形图表示在16个品种中具有同种分布规律的元素数量；黑点表示该行对应的品种中存在该化合物，连线是为了帮助视觉上追踪化合物的分布

Fig. 6 Distribution of partial volatile components in 16 Iris × barbata cultivars The bar chart on the left indicates the number of shared compounds contained in each cultivar. The bar chart at the top displays the number of elements that follow the same distribution pattern across the 16 bearded iris cultivars. A black dot signifies that the compound is present in the cultivars corresponding to that row，and the lines are to aid visually in tracing the distribution of the compounds

图7 16个品种有髯鸢尾挥发性成分相对含量的主成分分析

Fig. 7 Principal component analysis of the relative contents of volatile components in 16 Iris × barbata cultivars

表1 16个品种有髯鸢尾花主要挥发性成分相对含量

Table 1 Relative content of main volatile components in 16 Iris × barbata cultivars

化合物Compounds	相对含量/% Relative content
化合物Compounds	C1	C2	C3	C4	C5	C6	C7	C8
α-蒎烯α-Pinene	18.28 ± 0.30	16.71 ± 0.52	21.12 ± 0.26	19.17 ± 0.60	19.04 ± 0.38	19.85 ± 0.33	20.88 ± 0.32	15.72 ± 0.25
芳樟醇Linalool	11.79 ± 0.10	14.23 ± 0.32	15.35 ± 0.29	12.71 ± 1.00	8.25 ± 0.64	—	21.63 ± 1.11	17.41 ± 1.74
β-蒎烯β-Pinene	9.66 ± 0.11	8.86 ± 0.20	11.31 ± 0.26	10.22 ± 0.87	9.72 ± 0.15	11.17 ± 0.03	10.14 ± 0.52	6.74 ± 0.39
双戊烯Limonene	9.29 ± 0.23	8.37 ± 0.13	11.09 ± 0.26	9.34 ± 0.95	8.25 ± 0.21	10.90 ± 0.05	10.08 ± 0.65	5.65 ± 0.22
月桂烯Myrcene	6.61 ± 0.11	6.63 ± 0.26	8.44 ± 0.20	6.93 ± 0.75	6.50 ± 0.35	7.90 ± 0.07	7.27 ± 0.64	4.24 ± 0.12
2-甲基丁酸甲酯 Methyl 2-methylbutyrate	1.57 ± 0.01	1.72 ± 0.17	1.99 ± 0.09	4.60 ± 0.43	7.29 ± 0.16	8.68 ± 0.11	2.66 ± 0.11	9.17 ± 0.79
2-甲基丁醇 2-Methylbutanol	2.97 ± 0.10	2.65 ± 0.17	2.36 ± 0.13	2.50 ± 0.88	2.59 ± 0.21	2.02 ± 0.40	2.53 ± 0.26	3.43 ± 0.16
正己醇Hexanol	2.86 ± 0.26	2.94 ± 0.58	2.26 ± 0.18	1.94 ± 0.05	2.72 ± 0.13	2.36 ± 0.44	0.45 ± 0.10	4.90 ± 0.92
3-甲基-2-丁烯醛 3-Methyl-2-butenal	1.93 ± 0.31	1.45 ± 0.35	3.76 ± 0.44	3.08 ± 0.04	0.85 ± 0.06	0.74 ± 0.02	1.58 ± 0.24	4.84 ± 0.66
化合物Compounds	相对含量/% Relative content
化合物Compounds	C9	C10	C11	C12	C13	C14	C15	C16
α-蒎烯α-Pinene	1.76 ± 0.07	21.75 ± 0.28	21.42 ± 0.08	0.65 ± 0.03	17.24 ± 0.23	18.09 ± 0.92	25.07 ± 0.31	1.41 ± 0.20
芳樟醇Linalool	22.53 ± 0.32	7.37 ± 0.61	1.45 ± 0.20	23.10 ± 1.79	11.94 ± 0.70	4.73 ± 1.22	—	—
β-蒎烯β-Pinene	—	9.17 ± 0.13	9.88 ± 0.06	—	6.36 ± 0.08	5.11 ± 0.42	7.45 ± 0.51	3.08 ± 0.49
双戊烯Limonene	1.25 ± 0.03	8.47 ± 0.10	8.44 ± 0.17	1.22 ± 0.04	5.43 ± 0.08	5.69 ± 0.42	6.77 ± 0.44	—
月桂烯Myrcene	0.75 ± 0.01	6.48 ± 0.06	6.88 ± 0.18	0.60 ± 0.01	4.94 ± 0.09	4.90 ± 0.27	4.90 ± 0.33	2.23 ± 0.30
2-甲基丁酸甲酯 Methyl 2-methylbutyrate	3.41 ± 0.03	4.93 ± 0.15	7.08 ± 0.47	4.41 ± 0.05	9.47 ± 0.52	7.97 ± 0.99	5.07 ± 0.40	5.38 ± 0.45
2-甲基丁醇 2-Methylbutanol	8.69 ± 0.05	3.33 ± 0.09	4.49 ± 0.14	7.25 ± 0.41	2.69 ± 0.52	6.49 ± 1.08	7.29 ± 0.29	7.18 ± 0.88
异戊酸甲酯 Methyl isovalerate	4.18 ± 0.20	2.71 ± 0.08	4.67 ± 0.24	2.55 ± 0.25	5.88 ± 0.36	4.28 ± 1.47	1.19 ± 0.04	13.39 ± 7.02
正己醇Hexanol	5.74 ± 0.10	5.01 ± 0.21	3.55 ± 0.31	9.51 ± 0.49	1.06 ± 0.02	4.89 ± 0.61	2.22 ± 0.05	3.70 ± 1.28
3-甲基-2-丁烯醛 3-Methyl-2-butenal	1.54 ± 0.03	1.74 ± 0.20	2.79 ± 0.20	2.61 ± 0.36	3.59 ± 0.18	7.64 ± 0.63	1.89 ± 0.03	11.46 ± 3.75

表1 16个品种有髯鸢尾花主要挥发性成分相对含量

Table 1 Relative content of main volatile components in 16 Iris × barbata cultivars

化合物Compounds	相对含量/% Relative content
化合物Compounds	C1	C2	C3	C4	C5	C6	C7	C8
α-蒎烯α-Pinene	18.28 ± 0.30	16.71 ± 0.52	21.12 ± 0.26	19.17 ± 0.60	19.04 ± 0.38	19.85 ± 0.33	20.88 ± 0.32	15.72 ± 0.25
芳樟醇Linalool	11.79 ± 0.10	14.23 ± 0.32	15.35 ± 0.29	12.71 ± 1.00	8.25 ± 0.64	—	21.63 ± 1.11	17.41 ± 1.74
β-蒎烯β-Pinene	9.66 ± 0.11	8.86 ± 0.20	11.31 ± 0.26	10.22 ± 0.87	9.72 ± 0.15	11.17 ± 0.03	10.14 ± 0.52	6.74 ± 0.39
双戊烯Limonene	9.29 ± 0.23	8.37 ± 0.13	11.09 ± 0.26	9.34 ± 0.95	8.25 ± 0.21	10.90 ± 0.05	10.08 ± 0.65	5.65 ± 0.22
月桂烯Myrcene	6.61 ± 0.11	6.63 ± 0.26	8.44 ± 0.20	6.93 ± 0.75	6.50 ± 0.35	7.90 ± 0.07	7.27 ± 0.64	4.24 ± 0.12
2-甲基丁酸甲酯 Methyl 2-methylbutyrate	1.57 ± 0.01	1.72 ± 0.17	1.99 ± 0.09	4.60 ± 0.43	7.29 ± 0.16	8.68 ± 0.11	2.66 ± 0.11	9.17 ± 0.79
2-甲基丁醇 2-Methylbutanol	2.97 ± 0.10	2.65 ± 0.17	2.36 ± 0.13	2.50 ± 0.88	2.59 ± 0.21	2.02 ± 0.40	2.53 ± 0.26	3.43 ± 0.16
正己醇Hexanol	2.86 ± 0.26	2.94 ± 0.58	2.26 ± 0.18	1.94 ± 0.05	2.72 ± 0.13	2.36 ± 0.44	0.45 ± 0.10	4.90 ± 0.92
3-甲基-2-丁烯醛 3-Methyl-2-butenal	1.93 ± 0.31	1.45 ± 0.35	3.76 ± 0.44	3.08 ± 0.04	0.85 ± 0.06	0.74 ± 0.02	1.58 ± 0.24	4.84 ± 0.66
化合物Compounds	相对含量/% Relative content
化合物Compounds	C9	C10	C11	C12	C13	C14	C15	C16
α-蒎烯α-Pinene	1.76 ± 0.07	21.75 ± 0.28	21.42 ± 0.08	0.65 ± 0.03	17.24 ± 0.23	18.09 ± 0.92	25.07 ± 0.31	1.41 ± 0.20
芳樟醇Linalool	22.53 ± 0.32	7.37 ± 0.61	1.45 ± 0.20	23.10 ± 1.79	11.94 ± 0.70	4.73 ± 1.22	—	—
β-蒎烯β-Pinene	—	9.17 ± 0.13	9.88 ± 0.06	—	6.36 ± 0.08	5.11 ± 0.42	7.45 ± 0.51	3.08 ± 0.49
双戊烯Limonene	1.25 ± 0.03	8.47 ± 0.10	8.44 ± 0.17	1.22 ± 0.04	5.43 ± 0.08	5.69 ± 0.42	6.77 ± 0.44	—
月桂烯Myrcene	0.75 ± 0.01	6.48 ± 0.06	6.88 ± 0.18	0.60 ± 0.01	4.94 ± 0.09	4.90 ± 0.27	4.90 ± 0.33	2.23 ± 0.30
2-甲基丁酸甲酯 Methyl 2-methylbutyrate	3.41 ± 0.03	4.93 ± 0.15	7.08 ± 0.47	4.41 ± 0.05	9.47 ± 0.52	7.97 ± 0.99	5.07 ± 0.40	5.38 ± 0.45
2-甲基丁醇 2-Methylbutanol	8.69 ± 0.05	3.33 ± 0.09	4.49 ± 0.14	7.25 ± 0.41	2.69 ± 0.52	6.49 ± 1.08	7.29 ± 0.29	7.18 ± 0.88
异戊酸甲酯 Methyl isovalerate	4.18 ± 0.20	2.71 ± 0.08	4.67 ± 0.24	2.55 ± 0.25	5.88 ± 0.36	4.28 ± 1.47	1.19 ± 0.04	13.39 ± 7.02
正己醇Hexanol	5.74 ± 0.10	5.01 ± 0.21	3.55 ± 0.31	9.51 ± 0.49	1.06 ± 0.02	4.89 ± 0.61	2.22 ± 0.05	3.70 ± 1.28
3-甲基-2-丁烯醛 3-Methyl-2-butenal	1.54 ± 0.03	1.74 ± 0.20	2.79 ± 0.20	2.61 ± 0.36	3.59 ± 0.18	7.64 ± 0.63	1.89 ± 0.03	11.46 ± 3.75

图8 16个品种有髯鸢尾正交偏最小二乘判别分析和聚类分析 A：正交偏最小二乘判别分析的模型置换验证；B：各挥发性成分的VIP值；C：差异挥发性成分聚类分析

Fig. 8 Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA）and cluster analysis of 16 Iris × barbata cultivars A：Model replacement validation for OPLS-DA；B：VIP values for each volatile compound；C：Cluster analysis of differential volatile components

图9 16个品种有髯鸢尾花相对气味活度值

Fig. 9 Relative odor activity values of 16 Iris × barbata cultivars

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