新型尿素与钙肥配施对不结球白菜光合特性及品质产量的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0414

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用盆栽试验，设置5种氮肥处理（N0：不施氮；N1：普通尿素；N2：控失尿素；N3：稳定性尿素；N4：腐殖酸尿素）和2个钙肥水平（Ca0：不施钙；Ca1：施钙）共10个处理，探究新型尿素与钙肥配施影响‘五月慢’不结球白菜光合特性、产量及品质的作用机制。结果表明：在不施用钙肥条件下，Ca0N3、Ca0N4处理较Ca0N1处理均显著提高不结球白菜的氮素和钙素积累量、氮肥利用率与农学效率；在尿素钙肥配施下，Ca1N4处理较Ca1N1处理显著提高了NR和GS酶活性、光合气体交换参数（P_n、T_r、G_s）、Rubisco酶活性及叶绿素荧光参数（F_v/F₀、F_v/F_m、Φ_PSII、NPQ、Φ_CO₂和ETR）。在不施用钙肥条件下，与普通尿素相比，Ca0N3和Ca0N4处理不结球白菜的产量提高22.48%和23.64%，可溶性糖含量显著提高23.99%和25.01%；Ca0N4处理的可溶性蛋白含量提高13.73%；在与钙肥配施条件下，与普通尿素相比，Ca1N3和Ca1N4增产34.33%和35.24%，硝酸盐含量显著降低，维生素C含量显著提高7.12%和10.47%。综合比较，以腐殖酸尿素与钙肥配施的效果较佳。

关键词: 不结球白菜, 控失尿素, 稳定性尿素, 腐殖酸尿素, 光合特性, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

A pot experiment was conducted with five nitrogen fertilizer treatments（N0：no nitrogen application；N1：ordinary urea；N2：loss-control urea；N3：stable urea；N4：humic acid urea）and two calcium fertilizer levels（Ca0：no calcium；Ca1：applied calcium），resulting in a total of 10 treatments，to investigate the mechanisms by which novel urea combined with calcium fertilizer affects photosynthetic characteristics，yield，and quality of‘Mayman’non-heading Chinese cabbage. The results showed that under the condition without applying calcium fertilizer，the Ca0N3 and Ca0N4 treatments significantly increased the nitrogen and calcium accumulation，nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and agronomic efficiency of non-heading Chinese cabbage compared with the Ca0N1 treatment. When urea-calcium fertilizer was applied in combination，the Ca1N4 treatment significantly enhanced the activities of NR and GS enzymes，photosynthetic gas exchange parameters（P_n，T_r，G_s），Rubisco enzyme activity and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters（F_v/F₀，F_v/F_m，Φ_PSII，NPQ，Φ_CO₂and ETR）compared with the Ca1N1 treatment. Without calcium application，the yields of non-heading Chinese cabbage under Ca0N3 and Ca0N4 treatments increased by 22.48% and 23.64%，respectively，and the soluble sugar content significantly increased by 23.99% and 25.01% compared with ordinary urea；the soluble protein content under the Ca0N4 treatment increased by 13.73%. Under the combined application with calcium fertilizer，Ca1N3 and Ca1N4 treatments increased the yield by 34.33% and 35.24%，respectively，significantly reduced the nitrate content，and significantly increased the vitamin C content by 7.12% and 10.47% compared with ordinary urea. In comprehensive comparison，the combined application of humic acid urea and calcium fertilizer achieved the best effect.

Key words: non-heading Chinese cabbage, loss-control urea, stable urea, humic acid urea, photosynthetic characteristics, yield, quality

中图分类号:

S634.3

曾冲, 任丽, 李岚涛, 蔡迦铭, 耿赛男, 王宜伦. 新型尿素与钙肥配施对不结球白菜光合特性及品质产量的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(9): 2769-2782.

ZENG Chong, REN Li, LI Lantao, CAI Jiaming, GENG Sainan, WANG Yilun. Effects of New Urea Combined with Calcium Fertilizer on Photosynthetic Characteristics，Quality and Yield of Non-Heading Chinese Cabbage[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(9): 2769-2782.

图/表 7

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处理 Treatment	净光合速率/（µmol ∙ m^-2 · s^-1） P_n	蒸腾速率/（mmol ∙ m^-2 ∙ s^-1） T_r	气孔导度/（mol ∙ m^-2 ∙ s^-1）G_s	Rubisco酶/（U ∙ L^-1） Rubisco enzyme content
Ca0N0	6.88 ± 0.94 b	1.21 ± 0.14 d	0.074 ± 0.008 c	821.33 ± 33.11 b
Ca0N1	17.85 ± 1.47 a	3.91 ± 0.24 c	0.245 ± 0.043 b	865.94 ± 18.04 ab
Ca0N2	18.30 ± 1.48 a	4.06 ± 0.32 bc	0.262 ± 0.025 b	880.48 ± 31.84 ab
Ca0N3	19.25 ± 0.91 a	5.04 ± 0.21 a	0.330 ± 0.020 a	917.94 ± 25.58 a
Ca0N4	19.93 ± 0.64 a	4.76 ± 0.82 ab	0.276 ± 0.017 b	903.21 ± 56.46 a
Ca1N0	8.67 ± 1.09 c	1.76 ± 0.08 c	0.120 ± 0.020 d	846.47 ± 40.64 c
Ca1N1	19.24 ± 0.63 b	5.59 ± 0.64 b	0.369 ± 0.059 c	929.77 ± 19.39 b
Ca1N2	20.93 ± 1.09 ab	6.71 ± 0.63 b	0.451 ± 0.053 b	966.73 ± 25.72 ab
Ca1N3	21.99 ± 1.72 a	8.41 ± 0.73 a	0.582 ± 0.019 a	994.91 ± 38.74 a
Ca1N4	22.31 ± 0.84 a	8.79 ± 0.97 a	0.639 ± 0.015 a	1 001.56 ± 14.58 a
方差分析ANOVA
N	***	***	***	***
Ca	***	***	***	***
N × Ca	ns	***	***	ns

处理 Treatment	净光合速率/（µmol ∙ m^-2 · s^-1） P_n	蒸腾速率/（mmol ∙ m^-2 ∙ s^-1） T_r	气孔导度/（mol ∙ m^-2 ∙ s^-1）G_s	Rubisco酶/（U ∙ L^-1） Rubisco enzyme content
Ca0N0	6.88 ± 0.94 b	1.21 ± 0.14 d	0.074 ± 0.008 c	821.33 ± 33.11 b
Ca0N1	17.85 ± 1.47 a	3.91 ± 0.24 c	0.245 ± 0.043 b	865.94 ± 18.04 ab
Ca0N2	18.30 ± 1.48 a	4.06 ± 0.32 bc	0.262 ± 0.025 b	880.48 ± 31.84 ab
Ca0N3	19.25 ± 0.91 a	5.04 ± 0.21 a	0.330 ± 0.020 a	917.94 ± 25.58 a
Ca0N4	19.93 ± 0.64 a	4.76 ± 0.82 ab	0.276 ± 0.017 b	903.21 ± 56.46 a
Ca1N0	8.67 ± 1.09 c	1.76 ± 0.08 c	0.120 ± 0.020 d	846.47 ± 40.64 c
Ca1N1	19.24 ± 0.63 b	5.59 ± 0.64 b	0.369 ± 0.059 c	929.77 ± 19.39 b
Ca1N2	20.93 ± 1.09 ab	6.71 ± 0.63 b	0.451 ± 0.053 b	966.73 ± 25.72 ab
Ca1N3	21.99 ± 1.72 a	8.41 ± 0.73 a	0.582 ± 0.019 a	994.91 ± 38.74 a
Ca1N4	22.31 ± 0.84 a	8.79 ± 0.97 a	0.639 ± 0.015 a	1 001.56 ± 14.58 a
方差分析ANOVA
N	***	***	***	***
Ca	***	***	***	***
N × Ca	ns	***	***	ns

处理 Treatment	单株氮积累量/mg Nitrogen accumulation per plant	单株钙积累量/mg Calcium accumulation per plant	氮肥利用率/% Nitrogen use efficiency	氮肥农学效率/（g · g^-1） Nitrogen agronomic efficiency
Ca0N0	9.07 ± 0.28 c	1.54 ± 0.34 d	—	—
Ca0N1	70.99 ± 5.06 b	8.44 ± 0.28 c	41.28 ± 3.37 b	255.04 ± 42.18 b
Ca0N2	75.76 ± 6.60 b	9.58 ± 0.17 b	44.46 ± 4.40 b	305.67 ± 13.38 a
Ca0N3	87.09 ± 1.78 a	11.05 ± 0.32 a	52.01 ± 1.19 a	322.82 ± 11.02 a
Ca0N4	85.98 ± 4.50 a	10.98 ± 0.39 a	51.27 ± 3.00 a	319.46 ± 14.64 a
Ca1N0	12.33 ± 0.81 c	2.06 ± 0.12 c	—	—
Ca1N1	84.45 ± 3.43 b	10.16 ± 1.42 b	48.08 ± 2.28 b	281.77 ± 26.14 b
Ca1N2	88.20 ± 3.21 b	11.74 ± 1.05 ab	50.58 ± 2.14 b	314.52 ± 2.98 ab
Ca1N3	97.36 ± 5.28 a	13.26 ± 1.04 a	56.69 ± 3.52 a	346.95 ± 24.76 a
Ca1N4	101.18 ± 6.33 a	13.38 ± 1.36 a	59.23 ± 4.22 a	344.05 ± 20.00 a
方差分析ANOVA
N	***	***	***	***
Ca	***	***	***	*
N × Ca	ns	ns	ns	ns

处理 Treatment	单株氮积累量/mg Nitrogen accumulation per plant	单株钙积累量/mg Calcium accumulation per plant	氮肥利用率/% Nitrogen use efficiency	氮肥农学效率/（g · g^-1） Nitrogen agronomic efficiency
Ca0N0	9.07 ± 0.28 c	1.54 ± 0.34 d	—	—
Ca0N1	70.99 ± 5.06 b	8.44 ± 0.28 c	41.28 ± 3.37 b	255.04 ± 42.18 b
Ca0N2	75.76 ± 6.60 b	9.58 ± 0.17 b	44.46 ± 4.40 b	305.67 ± 13.38 a
Ca0N3	87.09 ± 1.78 a	11.05 ± 0.32 a	52.01 ± 1.19 a	322.82 ± 11.02 a
Ca0N4	85.98 ± 4.50 a	10.98 ± 0.39 a	51.27 ± 3.00 a	319.46 ± 14.64 a
Ca1N0	12.33 ± 0.81 c	2.06 ± 0.12 c	—	—
Ca1N1	84.45 ± 3.43 b	10.16 ± 1.42 b	48.08 ± 2.28 b	281.77 ± 26.14 b
Ca1N2	88.20 ± 3.21 b	11.74 ± 1.05 ab	50.58 ± 2.14 b	314.52 ± 2.98 ab
Ca1N3	97.36 ± 5.28 a	13.26 ± 1.04 a	56.69 ± 3.52 a	346.95 ± 24.76 a
Ca1N4	101.18 ± 6.33 a	13.38 ± 1.36 a	59.23 ± 4.22 a	344.05 ± 20.00 a
方差分析ANOVA
N	***	***	***	***
Ca	***	***	***	*
N × Ca	ns	ns	ns	ns