不同沼渣配比对设施番茄品质及次生代谢的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0441

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同比例配施沼渣对日光温室番茄果实营养品质和次生代谢的影响，以番茄‘184’为试验材料，全基质栽培为对照（CK），基质与沼渣体积比为3︰1、4︰1、5︰1，共4个处理，测定番茄外观品质、风味品质、营养品质及次生代谢相关指标。结果表明，基质与沼渣体积比4︰1处理下第一茬果实可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白、维生素C、可溶性糖含量以及糖酸比显著提高，其中果实番茄红素、八氢番茄红素、β胡萝卜素含量分别比对照显著提高了36.18%、656.07%和34.53%，果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量分别显著提高了18.8%、110.9%和74.8%，有机酸组分中柠檬酸、酒石酸、苹果酸等含量降低，甜味、鲜味、无味和苦味氨基酸含量提高，矿质元素（N、P、K、Mg、Fe、Zn和Cu）含量提高，硝酸盐和有机酸含量分别显著降低了55.36%和18.18%；第二茬果实可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白、维生素C、可溶性糖含量以及糖酸比显著提升，番茄红素、八氢番茄红素、β-胡萝卜素含量比对照分别显著提高了73.16%、132.91%、51.54%，果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量分别显著提高了106.9%、81.1%和69.2%，柠檬酸、酒石酸及苹果酸等有机酸含量降低，氨基酸组分中甜味、鲜味、无味和苦味氨基酸含量提高，矿质元素（N、P、K、Mg、Fe、Zn和Cu）含量提高，硝酸盐和有机酸含量分别显著降低了59.88%和52.94%。综上，基质与沼渣体积比4︰1配施下有效改善设施番茄的营养品质和风味特征。

关键词: 番茄, 沼渣, 营养品质, 类胡萝卜素组分, 氨基酸组分

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of different proportions of biogas residue application on the nutritional quality and secondary metabolism of tomato fruits in solar greenhouses，tomato cultivar‘184’ was used as the experimental material. Four treatments were set up：balanced fertilization as the control（CK），and substrate and biogas residue mixed at ratios of 3︰1，4︰1 and 5︰1. Appearance，flavor，nutritional quality，and secondary metabolic indicators of tomatoes were measured. Results showed that under the substrate-to-biogas residue volume ratio of 4︰1，the soluble solids，soluble protein，vitamin C，and soluble sugar contents，as well as the sugar-acid ratio of first-harvest fruits significantly increased. Lycopene，phytoene，and β-carotene contents were significantly enhanced by 36.18%，656.07%，and 34.53% compared to the control，respectively. Fructose，glucose，and sucrose contents increased significantly by 18.8%，110.9%，and 74.8%，respectively. Organic acid components such as citric acid，tartaric acid，and malic acid decreased，while sweet-，umami-，neutral-，and bitter-tasting amino acids increased. Mineral element contents（N，P，K，Mg，Fe，Zn，and Cu）also increased，whereas nitrate and organic acid contents decreased significantly by 55.36% and 18.18%，respectively. For second-harvest fruits，soluble solids，soluble protein，vitamin C，soluble sugars，and the sugar-acid ratio were significantly improved. Lycopene，phytoene，and β-carotene contents increased by 73.16%，132.91%，and 51.54% compared to the control，respectively. Fructose，glucose，and sucrose contents increased significantly by 106.9%，81.1%，and 69.2%，respectively. Citric acid，tartaric acid，and malic acid levels declined，while sweet-，umami-，neutral-，and bitter-tasting amino acids increased. Mineral elements（N，P，K，Mg，Fe，Zn，and Cu）were elevated，and nitrate and organic acid contents decreased significantly by 59.88% and 52.94%，respectively. In summary，applying biogas residue at a substrate-to-residue volume ratio of 4︰1 significantly enhances the nutritional quality and flavor characteristics of greenhouse-grown tomatoes.

Key words: tomato, biogas residue, nutritional quality, carotenoid components, amino acid components

中图分类号:

S641.2

尚兴攀, 牛钰, 白鹏, 何咏梅, 冯俊芳, 王俊文, 陈佳琦, 唐中祺, 吕剑, 肖雪梅, 武玥, 郁继华. 不同沼渣配比对设施番茄品质及次生代谢的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(9): 2752-2768.

SHANG Xingpan, NIU Yu, BAI Peng, HE Yongmei, FENG Junfang, WANG Junwen, CHEN Jiaqi, TANG Zhongqi, LÜ Jian, XIAO Xuemei, WU Yue, YU Jihua. The Effects of Different Compost Ratios on the Quality and Secondary Metabolism of Tomato in Protected Cultivation[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(9): 2752-2768.

图/表 9

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基质︰沼渣 Substrate︰Biogas residue	沼渣施用量/（kg · hm^-2） Total	电导率/（mS · cm^-1） EC	全氮/（g · kg^-1） Total N	全磷/（g · kg^-1） Total P	全钾/（g · kg^-1） Total K
CK	0	2.39	0.67	4.71	5.38
3︰1	4 121.11	4.74	0.72	6.17	7.97
4︰1	3 296.89	3.12	0.71	5.34	7.23
5︰1	2 637.29	2.72	0.80	6.11	7.20

基质︰沼渣 Substrate︰Biogas residue	沼渣施用量/（kg · hm^-2） Total	电导率/（mS · cm^-1） EC	全氮/（g · kg^-1） Total N	全磷/（g · kg^-1） Total P	全钾/（g · kg^-1） Total K
CK	0	2.39	0.67	4.71	5.38
3︰1	4 121.11	4.74	0.72	6.17	7.97
4︰1	3 296.89	3.12	0.71	5.34	7.23
5︰1	2 637.29	2.72	0.80	6.11	7.20

茬数 Cropping	处理 Treatment	N/（g · kg^-1）	P/（g · kg^-1）	K/（g · kg^-1）	Ca/（g · kg^-1）	Mg/（g · kg^-1）
第一茬 1st crop	CK	1.49 ± 0.02 a	1.93 ± 0.24 c	23.35 ± 0.02 d	0.390 ± 0.004 a	1.08 ± 0.01 d
	3︰1	1.63 ± 0.02 a	5.30 ± 0.22 a	34.78 ± 0.06 b	0.330 ± 0.003 b	1.41 ± 0.11 c
	4︰1	1.61 ± 0.19 a	5.22 ± 0.45 a	39.09 ± 0.29 a	0.310 ± 0.003 c	2.18 ± 0.04 a
	5︰1	1.18 ± 0.02 b	3.82 ± 0.10 b	25.91 ± 0.08 c	0.310 ± 0.001 c	1.71 ± 0.07 b
第二茬 2nd crop	CK	1.96 ± 0.02 b	2.08 ± 1.12 c	21.34 ± 0.13 d	0.400 ± 0.0003 a	1.02 ± 0.01 c
	3︰1	1.94 ± 0.04 b	5.35 ± 0.31 a	32.22 ± 1.06 b	0.330 ± 0.002 b	1.58 ± 0.02 b
	4︰1	2.09 ± 0.04 a	5.35 ± 0.20 a	39.94 ± 0.16 a	0.310 ± 0.003 c	2.38 ± 0.02 a
	5︰1	1.92 ± 0.01 b	4.03 ± 0.21 b	26.11 ± 0.07 c	0.310 ± 0.0004 c	1.57 ± 0.23 b
茬数 Cropping	处理 Treatment	Fe/（mg · kg^-1）	Cu/（mg · kg^-1）	Mn/（mg · kg^-1）	Zn/（mg · kg^-1）
第一茬	CK	23.20 ± 0.62 c	1.23 ± 0.02 c	3.79 ± 0.13 a	10.54 ± 0.15 d
1st crop	3︰1	25.71 ± 0.51 b	1.49 ± 0.03 b	3.22 ± 0.02 b	12.26 ± 0.06 b
	4︰1	32.13 ± 0.65 a	1.67 ± 0.08 a	3.13 ± 0.04 b	13.10 ± 0.06 a
	5︰1	26.25 ± 0.36 b	1.20 ± 0.03 c	3.62 ± 0.02 a	11.79 ± 0.06 c
第二茬	CK	21.04 ± 0.28 c	1.08 ± 0.03 d	3.88 ± 0.03 a	10.44 ± 0.12 d
2nd crop	3︰1	26.90 ± 0.12 b	1.60 ± 0.01 b	3.18 ± 0.03 c	12.71 ± 0.07 b
	4︰1	33.82 ± 0.24 a	1.81 ± 0.02 a	3.17 ± 0.03 c	13.25 ± 0.08 a
	5︰1	26.55 ± 0.07 b	1.19 ± 0.01 c	3.57 ± 0.02 b	12.04 ± 0.06 c

茬数 Cropping	处理 Treatment	N/（g · kg^-1）	P/（g · kg^-1）	K/（g · kg^-1）	Ca/（g · kg^-1）	Mg/（g · kg^-1）
第一茬 1st crop	CK	1.49 ± 0.02 a	1.93 ± 0.24 c	23.35 ± 0.02 d	0.390 ± 0.004 a	1.08 ± 0.01 d
	3︰1	1.63 ± 0.02 a	5.30 ± 0.22 a	34.78 ± 0.06 b	0.330 ± 0.003 b	1.41 ± 0.11 c
	4︰1	1.61 ± 0.19 a	5.22 ± 0.45 a	39.09 ± 0.29 a	0.310 ± 0.003 c	2.18 ± 0.04 a
	5︰1	1.18 ± 0.02 b	3.82 ± 0.10 b	25.91 ± 0.08 c	0.310 ± 0.001 c	1.71 ± 0.07 b
第二茬 2nd crop	CK	1.96 ± 0.02 b	2.08 ± 1.12 c	21.34 ± 0.13 d	0.400 ± 0.0003 a	1.02 ± 0.01 c
	3︰1	1.94 ± 0.04 b	5.35 ± 0.31 a	32.22 ± 1.06 b	0.330 ± 0.002 b	1.58 ± 0.02 b
	4︰1	2.09 ± 0.04 a	5.35 ± 0.20 a	39.94 ± 0.16 a	0.310 ± 0.003 c	2.38 ± 0.02 a
	5︰1	1.92 ± 0.01 b	4.03 ± 0.21 b	26.11 ± 0.07 c	0.310 ± 0.0004 c	1.57 ± 0.23 b
茬数 Cropping	处理 Treatment	Fe/（mg · kg^-1）	Cu/（mg · kg^-1）	Mn/（mg · kg^-1）	Zn/（mg · kg^-1）
第一茬	CK	23.20 ± 0.62 c	1.23 ± 0.02 c	3.79 ± 0.13 a	10.54 ± 0.15 d
1st crop	3︰1	25.71 ± 0.51 b	1.49 ± 0.03 b	3.22 ± 0.02 b	12.26 ± 0.06 b
	4︰1	32.13 ± 0.65 a	1.67 ± 0.08 a	3.13 ± 0.04 b	13.10 ± 0.06 a
	5︰1	26.25 ± 0.36 b	1.20 ± 0.03 c	3.62 ± 0.02 a	11.79 ± 0.06 c
第二茬	CK	21.04 ± 0.28 c	1.08 ± 0.03 d	3.88 ± 0.03 a	10.44 ± 0.12 d
2nd crop	3︰1	26.90 ± 0.12 b	1.60 ± 0.01 b	3.18 ± 0.03 c	12.71 ± 0.07 b
	4︰1	33.82 ± 0.24 a	1.81 ± 0.02 a	3.17 ± 0.03 c	13.25 ± 0.08 a
	5︰1	26.55 ± 0.07 b	1.19 ± 0.01 c	3.57 ± 0.02 b	12.04 ± 0.06 c