矮壮素对苹果幼苗生长、光合特性及碳氮代谢的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0749

园艺学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (9): 2679-2692.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0749

矮壮素对苹果幼苗生长、光合特性及碳氮代谢的影响

王红果¹, 张秀英², 刘照霞³, 刘晶泉¹, 吕梦雪¹, 张瑞瑞¹, 姜翰¹, 朱占玲¹^,^*(), 葛顺峰¹^,^*(), 姜远茂¹^,^*()

¹ 山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院，山东省苹果技术创新中心，山东省果蔬优质高效生产协同创新中心，山东泰安 271018
² 昭通市苹果产业发展中心，云南昭通 657000
³ 山东农业大学科教站园管理中心，山东泰安 271018

收稿日期:2026-03-25 修回日期:2026-05-07 出版日期:2026-09-20 发布日期:2026-09-20
通讯作者:
*E-mail：zhlzh@sdau.edu.cn，
geshunfeng210@126.com，
ymjiang@sadu.edu.cn
基金资助:
山东省重点研发计划项目(2024CXGC010903); 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2301000); 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资助(CARS-27); 山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021MC093)

Effects of Chlormequat Chloride on Growth，Photosynthetic Characteristics and Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism of Apple Plants

WANG Hongguo¹, ZHANG Xiuying², LIU Zhaoxia³, LIU Jingquan¹, LÜ Mengxue¹, ZHANG Ruirui¹, JIANG Han¹, ZHU Zhanling¹^,^*(), GE Shunfeng¹^,^*(), JIANG Yuanmao¹^,^*()

¹ College of Horticulture Science and Engineering， Shandong Agricultural University，Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province，Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production of Shandong Province，Tai’an， Shandong 271018， China
² Apple Industry Development Center of Zhaotong， Zhaotong， Yunnan 657000， China
³ Science and Education Base Management Center， Shandong Agricultural University，Tai’an， Shandong 271018， China

Received:2026-03-25 Revised:2026-05-07 Published:2026-09-20 Online:2026-09-20
Contact:
*E-mail：zhlzh@sdau.edu.cn，
geshunfeng210@126.com，
ymjiang@sadu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明矮壮素（chlormequat chloride，CCC）对苹果砧木生长及碳氮代谢的调控机制，以一年生苹果矮化砧木G935幼苗为试材，采用¹⁵N和¹³C同位素标记技术，水培条件下研究不同浓度矮壮素（0、150、300、450、600 mg · L^-1）对苹果幼苗生长、光合作用、¹⁵N吸收、¹³C分配以及碳氮代谢相关酶活性的影响。结果表明：与清水对照相比，喷施矮壮素使苹果幼苗株高、叶面积和地上部生物量分别降低了14.43% ~ 38.20%、1.29% ~ 18.9%和2.52% ~ 13.16%，茎粗、根系长度、地下部生物量和根冠比分别增加了9.55% ~ 38.22%、4.59% ~ 12.80%、8.47% ~ 55.08%和6.67% ~ 73.33%。叶片净光合速率（P_n）随着矮壮素浓度呈先升高后降低的趋势，在300 mg · L^-1处理时达到最高值，比对照提高了22.02%。叶片蔗糖合成酶、蔗糖磷酸合成酶、硝酸还原酶、谷氨酸合成酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性均随矮壮素浓度呈现先升高后降低的趋势，且都在300 mg · L^-1处理时最高。此外，300 mg · L^-1处理增加了全株¹³C和¹⁵N的积累量并提高了¹³C和¹⁵N在根系中的分配。相较于对照，300 mg · L^-1处理下叶片碳氮比和植株¹⁵N利用效率分别提高了3.80%和45.31%。综上，300 mg · L^-1矮壮素可以增强叶片光合速率，提高碳氮代谢酶活性，促进¹⁵N、¹³C的吸收利用，优化碳氮分配，从而促进根系生长，提高植株根冠比和碳氮比。

关键词: 苹果, 矮壮素, ¹⁵N, ¹³C, 碳氮比, 光合特性

Abstract:

To elucidate the mechanism of chlormequat chloride（CCC）in regulating the growth and carbon-nitrogen metabolism of apple rootstocks，the effects of different CCC concentrations（0，150，300，450，and 600 mg · L^-1）on seedling growth，photosynthesis，¹⁵N uptake，¹³C distribution，and key enzyme activities related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism of one-year-old dwarfing apple rootstock G935 were investigated in a hydroponic experiment by applying ¹⁵N and ¹³C isotope labeling techniques. The results showed that，compared with the control，CCC application reduced plant height，leaf area，and aboveground biomass by 14.43%-38.20%，1.29%-18.90%，and 2.52%-13.16%，respectively，while it increased stem diameter，root length，belowground biomass，and root-to-shoot ratio by 9.55%-38.22%，4.59%-12.80%，8.47%-55.08%，and 6.67%-73.33%，respectively. Leaf net photosynthetic rate（P_n） exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease with increasing CCC concentration，reaching its maximum under 300 mg · L^-1 treatment，which was 22.02% higher than that of the control. The activities of key enzymes，including sucrose synthase，sucrose phosphate synthase，nitrate reductase，glutamate synthase，and glutamine synthetase，all followed a similar trend-increasing initially and then declining-with the highest levels observed under 300 mg · L^-1treatment. Furthermore，300 mg · L^-1 treatment enhanced the accumulation of both ¹³C and ¹⁵N in the whole plant and increased their allocation to the root system. Compared with the control，the leaf C/N ratio and ¹⁵N use efficiency under 300 mg · L^-1treatment increased by 3.80% and 45.31%，respectively. In conclusion，the application of 300 mg · L^-1 CCC improved photosynthetic capacity，enhanced carbon and nitrogen metabolic enzyme activities，promoted the uptake and utilization of ¹⁵N and ¹³C，and optimized the allocation of carbon and nitrogen，thereby facilitating root growth and increasing the root-to-shoot ratio and C/N ratio in apple plants.

Key words: apple, chlormequat chloride, ¹⁵N, ¹³C, carbon-nitrogen ratio, photosynthetic capacity

中图分类号:

S661.1

王红果, 张秀英, 刘照霞, 刘晶泉, 吕梦雪, 张瑞瑞, 姜翰, 朱占玲, 葛顺峰, 姜远茂. 矮壮素对苹果幼苗生长、光合特性及碳氮代谢的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(9): 2679-2692.

WANG Hongguo, ZHANG Xiuying, LIU Zhaoxia, LIU Jingquan, LÜ Mengxue, ZHANG Ruirui, JIANG Han, ZHU Zhanling, GE Shunfeng, JIANG Yuanmao. Effects of Chlormequat Chloride on Growth，Photosynthetic Characteristics and Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism of Apple Plants[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(9): 2679-2692.

图/表 8

图1 不同浓度矮壮素对苹果幼苗生长的影响图中数据表示为平均值 ± 标准误（n = 3）。不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著，P < 0.05。下同

Fig. 1 Effects of different concentrations of CCC on the growth of apple seeding The data in the figure are expressed as mean ± standard error（n = 3）. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P < 0.05. The same below

图2 不同浓度矮壮素对苹果幼苗根系形态的影响

Fig. 2 Effects of different concentrations of CCC on root morphology of apple seeding

图3 不同浓度矮壮素对苹果幼苗各器官碳、氮含量和碳氮比的影响

Fig. 3 Effects of different concentrations of CCC on carbon，nitrogen content and carbon-nitrogen ratio in different organs of apple seedling

图4 不同浓度矮壮素对苹果幼苗光合和叶绿素荧光参数的影响

Fig. 4 Effects of different concentrations of CCC on photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of apple seeding

图5 不同浓度矮壮素对苹果幼苗碳代谢和利用分配的影响

Fig. 5 Effects of different concentrations of CCC on carbon metabolism，utilization and distribution of apple seedling

图6 不同浓度矮壮素对苹果幼苗NR活性的影响

Fig. 6 Effects of different concentrations of CCC on NR activity in apple seedling

图7 不同浓度矮壮素对苹果幼苗GS和GOGAT的影响

Fig. 7 Effects of different concentrations of CCC on GS and GOGAT in apple seedling

图8 不同浓度矮壮素对苹果幼苗15N利用率（A）和分配率（B）的影响

Fig. 8 Effects of different concentrations of CCC on 15N utilization（A）and distribution（B）in apple seedling

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矮壮素对苹果幼苗生长、光合特性及碳氮代谢的影响

Effects of Chlormequat Chloride on Growth，Photosynthetic Characteristics and Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism of Apple Plants

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矮壮素对苹果幼苗生长、光合特性及碳氮代谢的影响

Effects of Chlormequat Chloride on Growth，Photosynthetic Characteristics and Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism of Apple Plants

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摘要/Abstract

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参考文献 48

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