‘苏砧1号’等砧木与‘太秋’甜柿的嫁接亲和性相关研究

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0168

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

‘苏砧1号’为江苏本地柿品种，具有较强的生长势和抗逆性。通过嫁接测试评价其与‘太秋’甜柿的嫁接亲和性及嫁接后生长表现，以期确定其作为优良砧木品种的应用潜力。使用‘小果甜柿’‘武冈野柿’‘柿砧4号’和君迁子作为苏砧1号的参照砧木，观测嫁接后植株的存活率和长势、嫁接部位的酶活性和木质素含量、接穗叶片营养物质等指标，综合评测不同嫁接组合的亲和性差异。除君迁子外，4种砧木与太秋的嫁接亲和性均较好。其中，苏砧1号作为砧木时，嫁接后90 d植株高度平均达65.5 cm，显著高于其他组合，同时其砧穗接口处的SOD酶活性在嫁接后7和21 d显著高于“太秋/君迁子”组合，POD酶活性在嫁接后60 d显著高于多个嫁接组合，嫁接后14 d的MDA含量显著低于多个组合；嫁接后60 d的接口处木质素含量最高，接穗叶片可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量及叶绿素相对含量（SPAD）较高。太秋与苏砧1号、武冈野柿和小果甜柿嫁接后3年植株的物候期和果实外观及内在品质无明显变化。苏砧1号与太秋甜柿嫁接后伤口愈合较快、生长势强，且对太秋的果实特性无不良影响。苏砧1号与太秋甜柿嫁接后早期表现好，优于目前江苏地区使用的几种砧木。

关键词: 柿, 砧木, 嫁接亲和性, 果实品质

Abstract:

Persimmon rootstock‘Suzhen 1’（Diospyros kaki Thunb.）is a cultivar in Jiangsu Province，it exhibits robust growth potential and stress resistance. To determine its potential as an elite rootstock cultivar，this study evaluated its graft compatibility with Taishuu persimmon and the subsequent growth performance after grafting. Xiaoguo Tianshi，Wugang Yeshi，Shizhen 4 and Diospyros lotus were used as reference rootstocks for Suzhen 1. Grafting compatibility was assessed by examining survival rates，growth of grafted plants，enzyme activity and lignin content at the graft Union，and nutrient levels in scion leaves. All four rootstocks except Diospyros lotus demonstrated good compatibility with Taishuu persimmon. Notably，when Suzhen 1 was used as the rootstock，the plant height reached an average of 65.5 cm at 90 days after grafting，significantly higher than other grafting combinations. The SOD enzyme activity at the grafting interface of Taishuu/Suzhen 1 was significantly higher than that of the Taishuu/Diospyros lotus at 7 and 21 days after grafting，and the POD enzyme activity was significantly higher than that of multiple grafting combinations at 60 days after grafting. The MDA content at 14 days after grafting was significantly lower than that of multiple combinations. The lignin content at the grafting interface was the highest after 60 days of grafting，along with higher levels of soluble sugar，soluble proteins，and SPAD value in scion leaves. Besides，there were no significant changes in the phenological period，fruit appearance and internal quality of three-year-old Taishuu plants grafted with Suzhen 1，Wugang Yeshi and Xiaoguo Tianshi. The grafting interface of Suzhen 1 and Taishuu persimmon heals rapidly，strong growth vigor，and favorable grafting compatibility. Moreover，it has no impact on the cultivar characteristics of Taishuu persimmon. Taishuu persimmon performed well in the early stage after grafting with Suzhen 1，outperforming several rootstocks currently used in Jiangsu Province，so it has great application potential.

Key words: persimmon, rootstock, graft compatibility, fruit quality

喻江涛, 叶夏林, 李浩祯, 康庆轩, 余心怡, 渠慎春. ‘苏砧1号’等砧木与‘太秋’甜柿的嫁接亲和性相关研究[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(6): 1709-1721.

YU Jiangtao, YE Xialin, LI Haozhen, KANG Qingxuan, YU Xinyi, QU Shenchun. Research on Grafting Compatibility Between of Taishuu Persimmon on Suzhen 1 and Other Rootstocks[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(6): 1709-1721.

图/表 8

图1 太秋甜柿与5种砧木嫁接后30 d的植株存活率 TS：太秋；S1：苏砧1号；WG：武冈野柿；S4：柿砧4号；JQZ：君迁子；XG：小果甜柿。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同

Fig. 1 Survival rate of Taishuu persimmon 30 days after grafting with five rootstocks TS：Taishuu；S1：Suzhen 1；WG：Wugang Yeshi；S4：Shizhen 4；JQZ：Diospyros lotus；XG：Xiaoguo Tianshi. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments（P < 0.05）. The same below

图2 不同嫁接组合嫁接后60和90 d的植株高度及接穗粗度

Fig. 2 Plant height and scion thickness of different graft combination，60 and 90 days after grafting

图3 不同组合嫁接后嫁接口部位的关键酶活性及MDA含量变化

Fig. 3 Changes of key enzyme activities and MDA content in grafted parts of different graft combination

图4 嫁接后60 d不同嫁接组合中‘太秋’嫁接口处木质素含量和叶片可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及叶绿素相对含量（SPAD）

Fig. 4 Content of lignin in grafted part and soluble sugar，soluble proteins，chlorophyll relative content（SPAD）in Taishuu leaves of different graft combination（60 d after grafting）

图5 不同砧穗组合接合部位横切图（嫁接后60 d）番红将木质部染为红色，固绿将纤维素细胞壁和筛管染为绿色。R：砧木；S：接穗。箭头指示砧木与接穗的韧皮部区域

Fig. 5 Cross cutting diagram of grafting joint of different combinations（60 d after grafting） Safranin stains the xylem red，and fast green stains the cellulose cell walls and sieve tubes green. R：Rootstock；S：Scion. The arrows indicate the phloem area of the stock and scion

表1 与3种砧木嫁接的‘太秋’甜柿在江苏的物候期（2024年）

Table 1 Phenological period of Taishuu grafted with three rootstocks in Jiangsu（2024）

嫁接组合 Grafting combination	萌动期 Bud break stage	发芽期Sprouting stage	展叶期 Leaf expansion stage	现蕾期 Bud visible stage	开花期Blooming stage	成熟期 Ripening stage	落叶期 Leaf fall stage
太秋/武冈野柿 Taishuu/Wugang Yeshi	03-13	04-01	04-07	04-09	05-05	10-14	11-29
太秋/苏砧1号 Taishuu/Suzhen 1	03-13	04-01	04-07	04-09	05-05	10-14	11-29
太秋/小果甜柿 Taishuu/Xiaoguo Tianshi	03-09	04-01	04-07	04-11	05-06	10-14	11-29

表2 与3种砧木嫁接的‘太秋’甜柿果实品质

Table 2 Fruit quality of Taishuu after grafting with three rootstocks

指标 Index	太秋/苏砧1号 Taishuu/Suzhen 1	太秋/武冈野柿 Taishuu/Wugang Yeshi	太秋/小果甜柿 Taishuu/Xiaoguo Tianshi
单果质量/g Single fruit weight	275.9 ± 42.6 a	264.8 ± 52.4 a	281.5 ± 68.7 a
果实硬度/（× 10⁵Pa） Fruit flesh firmness	7.21 ± 1.62 a	6.71 ± 2.07 a	8.04 ± 1.92 a
果形指数 Shape index	0.72 ± 0.03 a	0.75 ± 0.03 a	0.70 ± 0.03 a
可溶性固形物/% Soluble solids content	15.61 ± 0.92 a	14.72 ± 1.05 a	15.69 ± 1.95 a
可溶性糖/（mg · kg^-1）Soluble sugar	1 142.0 ± 154.0 a	1204.0 ± 172.0 a	1159.0 ± 241.0 a
可溶性蛋白/（mg · kg^-1）Soluble proteins	660.0 ± 4.6 a	586.0 ± 299.0 a	515.0 ± 267.0 a
维生素C（mg · kg^-1）Vitamin C	254.0 ± 94.0 a	266.0 ± 65.0 a	249.0 ± 90.0 a
L^*	63.4 ± 3.0 a	65.2 ± 1.6 a	63.9 ± 2.4 a
a^*	11.0 ± 5.3 a	11.1 ± 4.0 a	12.3 ± 6.5 a
b^*	57.3 ± 5.0 a	61.4 ± 3.6 a	58.2 ± 4.6 a

图6 与3种砧木嫁接的太秋甜柿果实外观形态

Fig. 6 Fruit appearance of Taishuu grafted with three rootstocks

参考文献 31

[1]	Ai Chengxiang, Wang Jie, Xiao Jun, Xie Xiaofeng, Gong Bangchu. 2021. Biological characteristics and cultivation techniques of Taishuu persimmon in central south of Shandong. Deciduous Fruits, 53 (2):40-42. (in Chinese)
	艾呈祥, 王洁, 肖军, 解小锋, 龚榜初. 2021. 太秋甜柿的生物学特性及栽培技术. 落叶果树, 53 (2):40-42.
[2]	Chen Jingjing, Li Dongliang, Yang Qian, Dai Xiaohong, Jing Minmin, Liu Heng. 2020. Research progress on regeneration mechanism of plant grafting. Plant Physiology Journal, 56 (8):1690-1702. (in Chinese)
	陈晶晶, 李栋梁, 杨倩, 戴小红, 井敏敏, 刘恒. 2020. 植物嫁接再生机理研究进展. 植物生理学报, 56 (8):1690-1702.
[3]	Fazio G, Wan Y, Kviklys D, Romero L, Adams R, Strickland D, Robinson T. 2014. Dw2,a new dwarfing locus in apple rootstocks and its relationship to induction of early bearing in apple scions. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 139 (2):87-98. doi: 10.21273/JASHS.139.2.87 URL
[4]	Feng Lufang. 2023. A brief discussion on the present situation of sweet persimmon in China and the introduction and cultivation technology of Taishuu. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Science, 64 (8):1909-1912. (in Chinese)
	丰露芳. 2023. 浅谈我国甜柿的现状及太秋甜柿引进栽培技术. 浙江农业科学, 64 (8):1909-1912. doi: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20221285
[5]	Gu Lili, Shen Zhuli, Zong Yu, Kang Haiting, Li Yongqiang, Xu Lishan, Guo Weidong. 2022. A study on grafting compatibility of different blueberry stock-scion combinations. Journal of Zhejiang Normal University(Nat Sci), 45 (4):427-436. (in Chinese)
	顾莉莉, 沈朱俐, 宗宇, 康海婷, 李永强, 徐丽珊, 郭卫东. 2022. 蓝莓不同砧穗组合嫁接亲和性研究. 浙江师范大学学报(自然科学版), 45 (4):427-436.
[6]	Hannah T, Lisa B D V, Ryan S, Rosangela S, Margaret F. 2021. Gene regulatory networks for compatible versus incompatible grafts identify a role for SlWOX4 during junction formation. The Plant Cell, 34 (1):535-556. doi: 10.1093/plcell/koab246 pmid: 34609518
[7]	Hartmann H T, Kester D E. 1968. Plant propagation: principles and practices. Quarterly Review of Biology, 70 (4):25-33.
[8]	Jiang Luping, Wei Yiting, Yu Xin, Zheng Zhilin. 2024. Research progress of persimmon(Diospyros kaki)propagation techniques. Journal of Temperate Forestry Research, 7 (2):61-67. (in Chinese)
	姜露萍, 魏怡婷, 余欣, 郑志林. 2024. 柿繁殖技术研究进展. 温带林业研究, 7 (2):61-67.
[9]	Lei Dongfeng, Jiang Dazong, Wang Yili. 2003. Study on physiological and biochemical characteristics and activity control of polyphenol oxidase in tobacco. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,(12):1316-1320. (in Chinese)
	雷东锋, 蒋大宗, 王一理. 2003. 烟草中多酚氧化酶的生理生化特征及其活性控制的研究. 西安交通大学学报,(12):1316-1320.
[10]	Li Man. 2016. The preliminary research of persimmon grafting affinity[M. D. Dissertation]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University. (in Chinese)
	李曼. 2016. 甜柿不同砧穗组合嫁接亲和性的初步研究[硕士论文]. 南京: 南京农业大学.
[11]	Li Ziyan. 2022. Preliminary study on physiological mechanism of selective incompatibility of persimmon graft combination[M. D. Dissertation]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University. (in Chinese)
	李自燕. 2022. 柿嫁接选择性不亲和生理机制初步探索[硕士论文]. 武汉: 华中农业大学.
[12]	Ma Pan, Gong Bangchu, Jiang Xibing, Wu Kaiyun, Xu Yang. 2015. Evaluation on affinity,growth trait and physiology indicators of persimmon grafted on different stocks. Forest Research, 28 (4):518-523. (in Chinese)
	马攀, 龚榜初, 江锡兵, 吴开云, 徐阳. 2015. 不同砧木嫁接甜柿苗期生长生理特性及亲和性评价. 林业科学研究, 28 (4):518-523.
[13]	Mng’Omba S, Toit E, Akinnifesi F, Venter H M. 2007. Histological evaluation of early graft compatibility in Uapaca kirkiana Muell. scion/stock combinations. HortScience,42:1-5.
[14]	Mo Rongli, Zhang Na, Qiu Changyu, Wei Wei, Zhang Zhaohua, Huang Sheng, Zhu Guangshu, Li Yong, Lin Qiang. 2024. Screening of broad affinity rootstock of mulberry and grafting test of different anvil and ear combination. China Sericulture, 45 (2):1-6. (in Chinese)
	莫荣利, 张娜, 邱长玉, 韦伟, 张朝华, 黄胜, 朱光书, 李勇, 林强. 2024. 桑树广亲和性砧木筛选及不同砧穗组合嫁接试验. 中国蚕业, 45 (2):1-6.
[15]	Reig G, Forcada F C, Mestre L, Jimenez S, Betran A, Moreno A M. 2018. Horticultural,leaf mineral and fruit quality traits of two‘greengage’plum cultivars budded on plum based rootstocks in Mediterranean conditions. Scientia Horticulturae,232:84-91.
[16]	Shen Tao, Pan Jun, Yi Chengyong, Ma Le, Wang Keyao, Ren Yu, Zhang Min. 2019. Effects of two intermediate anvils on dynamic changes of nutrient elements and quality of sweet persimmon of‘Taishuu’. South China Agriculture, 13 (6):138-139. (in Chinese)
	沈涛, 潘军, 伊成勇, 马乐, 王克耀, 任宇, 张敏. 2019. 两种中间砧对太秋甜柿营养元素动态变化及品质的影响. 南方农业, 13 (6):138-139.
[17]	Tang Dan, Jiang Xibing, Gong Bangchu, Liu Tongxiang, Xu Yang, Wu Kaiyun. 2017. Early selection of interstocks for improving grafting compatibility in Diospyros kaki‘Fuyu’. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 53 (5):54-62. (in Chinese)
	汤丹, 江锡兵, 龚榜初, 刘同祥, 徐阳, 吴开云. 2017. ‘富有’甜柿中间砧的早期筛选和嫁接亲和性. 林业科学, 53 (5):54-62.
[18]	Tian Xiaoqin, Leng Tianfeng, Fu Li, Yang Xiaohong. 2024. Preliminary study on grafting compatibility of different rootstock-scion combinations of walnut. Southern Horticulture, 35 (5):20-25. (in Chinese)
	田小琴, 冷天凤, 付莉, 杨小红. 2024. 核桃中间砧木不同砧穗组合枝接高接换种嫁接亲和性初探. 南方园艺, 35 (5):20-25.
[19]	Tiedemann R. 1989. Graft union development and symplastic phloem contact in the heterograft Cucumis sativus on Cucurbita ficifolia. Journal of Plant Physiology, 134 (4):427-440. doi: 10.1016/S0176-1617(89)80006-9 URL
[20]	Wang Renzi, Yang Yong. 1991. Some problems in the promotion of sweet persimmon. Journal of Fruit Science,(3):187-190. (in Chinese)
	王仁梓, 杨勇. 1991. 甜柿推广中的若干问题. 果树科学,(3):187-190.
[21]	Wang Wenying, Liu Xicun, Dong Yanqi, Huo Jianzhong. 2015. Effects of different physiological indexes on the grafting effect of watermelon on several rootstocks. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 43 (8):144-145. (in Chinese)
	王文英, 刘喜存, 董彦琪, 霍建中. 2015. 不同生理指标对几个砧木嫁接西瓜效果的影响. 江苏农业科学, 43 (8):144-145.
[22]	Wu Chenyang. 2018. Screening and utilizating of suitable stocks for the‘Taishuu’persimmon[M. D. Dissertation]. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University. (in Chinese)
	吴晨阳. 2018. 甜柿品种‘太秋’适宜砧木的筛选及利用研究[硕士论文]. 扬州: 扬州大学.
[23]	Wu Lingling. 2022. Transcriptome analysis for selective graft compatibility in two persimmon grafts[M. D. Dissertation]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University. (in Chinese)
	吴陵玲. 2022. 两种选择性亲和的柿嫁接体转录组学分析[硕士论文]. 武汉: 华中农业大学.
[24]	Xu Zekang. 2018. Study on graft compatibility of‘Nandao Wuhe’and different litchi rootstocks[M. D. Dissertation]. Hainan: Hainan University. (in Chinese)
	许泽康. 2018. ‘南岛无核’荔枝与不同砧木嫁接亲和性研究[硕士论文]. 海南: 海南大学.
[25]	Yan Yi, Zhang Nanxin, He Chenzhong, Li Xianzhong. 2012. Correlation analysis of grafting compatibility and protective enzyme activity of different rootstocks of grapefruit. Northern Horticulture,(11):8-11. (in Chinese)
	严毅, 张南新, 何承忠, 李贤忠. 2012. 葡萄柚不同砧木嫁接亲和性与保护酶活性相关性分析. 北方园艺,(11):8-11.
[26]	Yang Dongdong, Huang Danfeng. 2006. Changes of enzyme activities related to lignin synthesis and metabolism during the development of watermelon grafts. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 26 (2):290-294. (in Chinese)
	杨冬冬, 黄丹枫. 2006. 西瓜嫁接体发育中木质素合成及代谢相关酶活性的变化. 西北植物学报, 26 (2):290-294.
[27]	Yang Yong, Ruan XiaoFeng, Li Gaochao, Wang Renzi. 2001. Development prospect of sweet persimmon and introduction of improved varieties. Northwest Horticulture,(5):9-10. (in Chinese)
	杨勇, 阮小凤, 李高潮, 王仁梓. 2001. 甜柿发展前景及良种介绍. 西北园艺,(5):9-10.
[28]	Yang Yong, Wang Renzi. 2006. Descriptors and data standard for persimmon(Diospyros spp.). Beijing: China Agriculture Press. (in Chinese)
	杨勇, 王仁梓. 2006. 柿种质资源描述规范和数据标准. 北京: 中国农业出版社.
[29]	Zhai L M, Wang X M, Tang D, Qi Q, Huseyin Y, Jiang X N, Han Z H, Richard M, Li W, Li Y. 2021. Molecular and physiological characterization of the effects of auxin-enriched rootstock on grafting. Horticulture Research, 8 (1):74. doi: 10.1038/s41438-021-00509-y pmid: 33790234
[30]	Zhan Zhiyong, Zhong Meiling, Wang Yujuan, Zhang Hui, Huang Jianjian. 2022. Study on affinity of Taishuu persimmon among the different grafted stocks. South China Forestry Science, 50 (4):30-33. (in Chinese)
	占志勇, 钟美玲, 王玉娟, 张桧, 黄建建. 2022. 不同砧木嫁接太秋甜柿的亲和性分析. 南方林业科学, 50 (4):30-33.
[31]	Zhu Taifu, Wang Yun, Su Xiaolan, Li Xin, Wang Lianchun. 2022. The relationship between physiological properties of anvil spike and graft affinity in grapefruit grafting healing process. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 50 (13):141-147. (in Chinese)
	朱太富, 王赟, 苏效兰, 李欣, 王连春. 2022. 葡萄柚嫁接愈合过程中砧穗生理物质特性及其与嫁接亲和性的关系. 江苏农业科学, 50 (13):141-147.