花粉直感对‘东红’猕猴桃果实品质和花青苷组分的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0396

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用3个雄性中华猕猴桃（‘M11’‘M26’‘MS3’）和1个雄性毛花猕猴桃（‘MG15’）品种的花粉对中华猕猴桃雌性品种‘东红’进行授粉，对不同授粉组合成熟期果实外观品质、内在品质、可溶性糖组分、有机酸组分和果肉色泽品质进行分析，使用靶向代谢组方法检测果实内果皮各花青苷组分含量并从中鉴定差异代谢物，分析色差指标与花青苷各组分含量的相关性。结果表明，‘东红’猕猴桃部分果实性状表现出明显的花粉直感效应，包括单果质量、可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸含量、糖酸比、葡萄糖含量、蔗糖含量、苹果酸含量等。‘MG15’花粉显著改善了果实内果皮色泽品质，使其呈现深红色。从‘M11’和‘MG15’授粉的‘东红’果实内果皮（二者色泽差异明显）中分别检测到20和23种花青苷物质，其中8种为差异代谢物，在‘MG15’授粉果实内果皮中均上调积累。内果皮红色色差指标a^*与花青苷组分中6种差异代谢物含量显著正相关，其中矢车菊素-3-O-半乳糖苷含量在‘MG15’授粉果实内果皮中最高，推测其上调积累可能是引起内果皮红色加深的主要原因。本研究中首次发现红心猕猴桃果肉红色着色表现出明显的花粉直感效应，研究结果可为解析花青苷介导的猕猴桃果肉着色机制提供理论基础。

关键词: 猕猴桃, 花粉直感, 花青苷, 果实品质, 果肉颜色, 代谢组分析

Abstract:

Three male Actinidia chinensis cultivars（‘M11’‘M26’‘MS3’）and one male A. eriantha cultivar（‘MG15’）were used to pollinate the red-fleshed A. chinensis‘Donghong’. The appearance quality，internal quality，soluble sugar composition，organic acid composition，and color difference indexes were evaluated respectively. Composition and contents of anthocyanins were analyzed using targeted metabolome method，and the differentially accumulated metabolites（DAMs）in inner pericarp were identified. Correlation analysis between color difference indexes and the total content of individual anthocyanins or the content of each DAM was conducted. The results indicated that some of the fruit traits were significantly affected by xenia，including fruit weight，soluble sugar content，titratable acidity，sugar-acid ratio，glucose content，sucrose content，and malic acid content. The color quality in the inner pericarp of‘Donghong’was significantly improved by pollination with the pollen of the male‘MG15’kiwifruit as it facilitated the red coloring. In the inner pericarp of‘Donghong’fruits pollinated with pollen from‘M11’or‘MG15’，whose fruit color indicators were significantly different，20 and 23 anthocyanins were respectively detected，and 8 of them were identified to be up-regulated DAMs in inner pericarp pollinated by‘MG15’. The a^* value（reflecting depth of red color when positive）was significantly positively correlated to the content of 6 DAMs of those anthocyanins，especially，cyanidin-3-O-galactoside was the highest in the inner pericarp of fruits pollinated with‘MG15’，implying that its increased accumulation may account for the enhanced red color of the inner pericarp. For the first time，this study revealed that the red coloration in red-fleshed kiwifruit exhibits a clear xenia effect. These findings offer a theoretical basis for elucidating the anthocyanin-mediated mechanism underlying flesh coloration in kiwifruit.

Key words: kiwifruit, xenia, anthocyanidin, fruit quality, flesh color, metabolome analysis

贾东峰, 林立婷, 叶斌, 黄春辉, 廖光联, 徐小彪. 花粉直感对‘东红’猕猴桃果实品质和花青苷组分的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(6): 1684-1694.

JIA Dongfeng, LIN Liting, YE Bin, HUANG Chunhui, LIAO Guanglian, XU Xiaobiao. The Effect of Xenia on Fruit Quality and Anthocyanidin Composition in Fruit of‘Donghong’Kiwifruit[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(6): 1684-1694.

图/表 7

图1 4种雄性花粉授粉的‘东红’猕猴桃生理成熟期果实外观和质地品质指标不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同

Fig. 1 Indicators of appearance and texture quality at physiological maturity stage in‘Donghong’kiwifruit fruit pollinated with four male pollens The different lowercase letters represent significant differences among the different treatments（P < 0.05）. The same below

图2 4种雄性花粉授粉的‘东红’猕猴桃软熟期果实内在品质指标

Fig. 2 Indicators of internal quality at soft maturity in‘Donghong’kiwifruit fruit pollinated with four male pollens

图3 4种雄性花粉授粉的‘东红’猕猴桃软熟期果实可溶性糖和有机酸组分含量

Fig. 3 Contents of soluble sugars and organic acids at soft maturity in‘Donghong’kiwifruit fruit pollinated with four male pollens

表1 4种雄性花粉授粉的‘东红’猕猴桃果实中果皮和内果皮的色差指标

Table 1 Color difference indexes of outer pericarp and inner pericarp in‘Donghong’kiwifruit fruit pollinated with four male pollens

授粉品种 Pollen source	中果皮Outer pericarp			内果皮Inner pericarp
授粉品种 Pollen source	L^*	a^*	b^*	L^*	a^*	b^*
M11	44.45 ± 5.65 c	-3.01 ± 0.66 a	25.51 ± 3.97 b	38.92 ± 2.69 a	2.18 ± 1.47 c	15.37 ± 3.07 a
M26	47.87 ± 1.22 bc	-2.93 ± 0.15 a	24.96 ± 1.95 b	35.81 ± 2.02 a	2.86 ± 0.79 c	12.46 ± 2.23 bc
MS3	52.81 ± 2.52 a	-3.20 ± 0.65 a	29.31 ± 1.57 a	37.51 ± 2.00 a	4.94 ± 1.16 b	14.87 ± 1.69 ab
MG15	50.13 ± 2.41 ab	-3.13 ± 0.41 a	27.45 ± 1.80 ab	37.67 ± 4.71 a	7.50 ± 2.22 a	10.40 ± 2.10 c

图4 ‘M11’和‘MG15’授粉‘东红’果实软熟期果肉表型

Fig. 4 The flesh phenotypes of‘Donghong’kiwifruit fruits pollinated with‘M11’and‘MG15’at soft maturity stage

图5 ‘M11’和‘MG15’授粉‘东红’猕猴桃果实软熟期内果皮中各花青苷组分含量热图矩形块中的数字表示样品中相应花青苷物质的平均含量（mg · g-1）。方向朝上的白色箭头表示在‘MG15’授粉的‘东红’猕猴桃内果皮中上调积累的差异代谢物。“—”表示未检测出相关花青苷物质

Fig. 5 The heat map of contents of individual anthocyanin compounds in inner pericarp of‘Donghong’kiwifruit fruit pollinated with‘M11’and‘MG15’at soft maturity stage Values in blocks represent the average content（mg · g-1）of anthocyanins. The upward white arrows indicate the differentially accumulated metabolites upregulated in the inner pericarp of‘Donghong’fruit pollinated by‘MG15’. “—”indicates the related anthocyanin was not detected

表2 ‘M11’与‘MG15’花粉授粉的‘东红’猕猴桃果实内果皮色差指标与花青苷总含量及各差异代谢物含量之间的相关性

Table 2 Correlations between color difference indexes and the total content of anthocyanins or the contents of the differentially accumulated metabolites in inner pericarp of‘Donghong’kiwifruit fruit pollinated with pollens from‘M11’and‘MG15’

色差指标 Color difference	总含量 Total content		矢车菊素-3-O- 葡萄糖苷 Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside		矢车菊素-3,5-O- 二葡萄糖苷 Cyanidin- 3,5-O-diglucoside		矢车菊素-3-O-阿拉伯糖苷 Cyanidin-3-O- arabinoside	矢车菊素-3-O-半乳糖苷 Cyanidin-3-O- galactoside
L^*	0.396		-0.506		-0.121		-0.327	-0.354
a^*	-0.169		0.954^**		0.813^*		0.927^**	0.943^**
b^*	0.251		-0.740		-0.914^*		-0.847^*	-0.848^*
色差指标 Color difference		锦葵色素-3,5-O- 二葡萄糖苷 Malvidin-3,5-O-diglucoside		天竺葵素-3-O-半乳糖苷 Pelargonidin-3-O- galactoside		芍药花素-3-（6-O-p-对香豆酰）- 葡萄糖苷Peonidin-3-O-(6-O-p- coumaroyl)-glucoside			原花青素A2 Procyanidin A2
L^*		0.253		-0.376		-0.355			-0.076
a^*		0.313		0.738		0.940^**			0.838^*
b^*		-0.493		-0.771		-0.951^**			-0.807

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