MYB转录因子调控园艺作物颜色形成的作用机制及应用

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0375

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

园艺作物的颜色不仅是重要的农艺性状和品质指标，还在植物的生长、发育、繁殖及生态适应中发挥关键作用。MYB转录因子在园艺作物颜色形成的调控中发挥着关键作用。综述了MYB转录因子的结构特征、分类及其在不同园艺作物中的功能差异，深入剖析了其在花青素、类胡萝卜素和叶绿素代谢中的调控机制，探讨了MYB转录因子与其他转录因子的协同或抑制作用、环境因素对其活性的影响，以及其在分子标记辅助选择和基因工程改良中的应用，并展望了未来研究方向，为深入理解园艺作物颜色形成机制及相关研究提供参考。

关键词: MYB转录因子, 园艺作物, 颜色形成, 色素合成, 分子育种

Abstract:

The coloration of horticultural crops is not only a crucial agronomic trait and quality indicator，but also plays a pivotal role in plant growth，development，reproduction，and ecological adaptation. MYB transcription factors serve as key regulators in the color formation of horticultural crops. This review comprehensively summarizes the structural characteristics and classification of MYB transcription factors，along with their functional diversity across various horticultural species. It provides an in-depth analysis of their regulatory mechanisms in anthocyanin，carotenoid，and chlorophyll metabolism. Additionally，the article explores the synergistic or inhibitory interactions between MYB and other transcription factors，the influence of environmental factors on MYB activity，and their applications in molecular marker-assisted selection and genetic engineering for crop improvement. Finally，future research directions are outlined to advance the understanding of color formation mechanisms in horticultural crops and provide valuable references for related studies.

Key words: MYB transcription factors, horticultural crops, color formation, pigment biosynthesis, molecular breeding

姜凤超, 杨丽, 张俊环, 张美玲, 于文剑, 孙浩元. MYB转录因子调控园艺作物颜色形成的作用机制及应用[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(8): 2481-2501.

JIANG Fengchao, YANG Li, ZHANG Junhuan, ZHANG Meiling, YU Wenjian, SUN Haoyuan. The Mechanism and Application of MYB Transcription Factors in Regulating Color Formation in Horticultural Crops[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(8): 2481-2501.

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物种 Species	基因 Gene	色素类型 Pigment type	调控角色和机制 Regulatory role and mechanism	文献 Reference
拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana	AtMYB123/ TT2	原花青素 Proanthocyanidin	特异性调控原花青素合成途径关键基因表达 Specifically regulate the expression of key genes in the pro anthocyanidin biosynthesis pathway	Nesi et al.,2001
拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana	MYBL2	花青素Anthocyanin	竞争性结合bHLH，抑制MBW复合体的转录激活活性 Competitively binds to bHLH，inhibiting the transcriptional activation activity of the MBW complex	Wang et al.,2020c
拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana	AtMYB11/ PFG2	黄酮醇Flavonol	直接结合并激活 FLS 基因启动子，促进黄酮醇合成 It directly binds to and activates the promoter of the FLS gene，thereby promoting flavonol biosynthesis	Stracke et al.,2007
拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana	AtMYB12/ PFG1	黄酮醇Flavonol	协同调控黄酮醇合成通路关键基因的时空表达 Coordinately regulate the spatiotemporal expression of key genes in the flavonol biosynthesis pathway	Stracke et al.,2007
拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana	AtMYB111/ PFG3	黄酮醇Flavonol	作为 MBW 复合体核心组分，精准调控黄酮醇合成 As a core component of the MBW complex，it precisely regulates flavonol biosynthesis	Stracke et al.,2007
高丛蓝莓Vaccinium corymbosum	VcMYBPA1	原花青素 Proanthocyanidin	调控类黄酮通路早期合成基因表达，促进原花青素积累 Regulate the expression of early biosynthetic genes in the flavonoid pathway and promote the accumulation of proanthocyanidins	Zifkin et al.,2012
苹果Malus × domestica	MdMYB1	花青素Anthocyanin	光依赖型激活花青素合成通路关键基因，促进果皮着色 Light-dependently activates key genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway and promotes fruit peel coloration	Espley et al.,2007
欧洲葡萄Vitis vinifera	VvMYBA1	花青素Anthocyanin	启动子区转座子插入导致功能缺失，造成白色果皮表型 Transposon insertion in the promoter region leads to loss of function，resulting in a white pericarp phenotype	Walker et al.,2007
甘薯Ipomoea batatas	IbMYB73	β-胡萝卜素β-Carotene	与bHLH转录因子协同激活LCYB基因转录，促进β-胡萝卜素积累Cooperates with bHLH transcription factors to activate the transcription of the LCYB gene and promote β-carotene accumulation	Wei et al.,2025
柑橘Citrus reticulata	CrMYB33	类胡萝卜素Carotenoid	直接结合PSY基因启动子并激活其转录，促进果实类胡萝卜素合成 It directly binds to the promoter of the PSY gene and activates its transcription，thereby promoting carotenoid biosynthesis in fruit	Tian et al.,2024
郁金香Tulipa gesneriana	TgMYB12	β-胡萝卜素β-Carotene	与 WRKY 转录因子形成调控网络，光依赖型调控β-胡萝卜素合成 It forms a regulatory network with WRKY transcription factors and light-dependently regulates β-carotene biosynthesis	Wang et al.,2022b
月季Rosa hybrida	RcMYB1	类胡萝卜素Carotenoid	双功能调控LYCB/LYCE基因转录，协同调控花瓣类胡萝卜素积累Bifunctionally regulates the transcription of LYCB/LYCE genes and coordinately modulates carotenoid accumulation in petals	He et al.,2023
香蕉Musa acuminata	MaMYB60	叶绿素Chlorophyll	直接结合并激活叶绿素降解相关基因启动子，促进叶绿素降解It directly binds to and activates the promoters of chlorophyll degradation-related genes，thereby promoting chlorophyll degradation	Wei et al.,2023
柑橘Citrus reticulata	CitMYB	叶绿素Chlorophyll	抑制叶绿素降解基因转录，维持叶片滞绿表型 It inhibits the transcription of chlorophyll degradation genes and maintains the leaf stay-green phenotype	Lu et al.,2025
叶用莴苣Lactuca sativa	LsMYB15	叶绿素Chlorophyll	时空特异性调控叶绿素合成与降解平衡，维持叶片色泽稳定 Spatiotemporally regulates the balance of chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation，and maintains leaf color stability	Kong et al.,2024
不结球白菜Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis	BrMYB44	叶绿素Chlorophyll	激活叶绿素合成基因BrPORA/BrCAO转录，促进叶片叶绿素合成 It activates the transcription of chlorophyll synthesis genes BrPORA/BrCAO，and promotes chlorophyll biosynthesis in leaves	Zhang et al.,2023
番茄Solanum lycopersicum	SlMYB72	叶绿素Chlorophyll	负向调控叶绿体发育与叶绿素合成，影响果实叶绿素积累 Negatively regulates chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis, and affects chlorophyll accumulation in fruits	Wu et al.,2023
凤梨草莓Fragaria × ananassa	FaMYB5	类黄酮Flavonoid	负向调控类黄酮合成通路，抑制花青素与原花青素积累 Negatively regulates the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and inhibits the accumulation of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins	Yue et al.,2023
大麦Hordeum vulgare	HvMYB5	类黄酮Flavonoid	激活类黄酮合成相关基因转录，调控籽粒类黄酮积累 It activates the transcription of flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes and modulates flavonoid accumulation in grains	Matros et al.,2010

物种 Species	基因 Gene	色素类型 Pigment type	调控角色和机制 Regulatory role and mechanism	文献 Reference
拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana	AtMYB123/ TT2	原花青素 Proanthocyanidin	特异性调控原花青素合成途径关键基因表达 Specifically regulate the expression of key genes in the pro anthocyanidin biosynthesis pathway	Nesi et al.,2001
拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana	MYBL2	花青素Anthocyanin	竞争性结合bHLH，抑制MBW复合体的转录激活活性 Competitively binds to bHLH，inhibiting the transcriptional activation activity of the MBW complex	Wang et al.,2020c
拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana	AtMYB11/ PFG2	黄酮醇Flavonol	直接结合并激活 FLS 基因启动子，促进黄酮醇合成 It directly binds to and activates the promoter of the FLS gene，thereby promoting flavonol biosynthesis	Stracke et al.,2007
拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana	AtMYB12/ PFG1	黄酮醇Flavonol	协同调控黄酮醇合成通路关键基因的时空表达 Coordinately regulate the spatiotemporal expression of key genes in the flavonol biosynthesis pathway	Stracke et al.,2007
拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana	AtMYB111/ PFG3	黄酮醇Flavonol	作为 MBW 复合体核心组分，精准调控黄酮醇合成 As a core component of the MBW complex，it precisely regulates flavonol biosynthesis	Stracke et al.,2007
高丛蓝莓Vaccinium corymbosum	VcMYBPA1	原花青素 Proanthocyanidin	调控类黄酮通路早期合成基因表达，促进原花青素积累 Regulate the expression of early biosynthetic genes in the flavonoid pathway and promote the accumulation of proanthocyanidins	Zifkin et al.,2012
苹果Malus × domestica	MdMYB1	花青素Anthocyanin	光依赖型激活花青素合成通路关键基因，促进果皮着色 Light-dependently activates key genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway and promotes fruit peel coloration	Espley et al.,2007
欧洲葡萄Vitis vinifera	VvMYBA1	花青素Anthocyanin	启动子区转座子插入导致功能缺失，造成白色果皮表型 Transposon insertion in the promoter region leads to loss of function，resulting in a white pericarp phenotype	Walker et al.,2007
甘薯Ipomoea batatas	IbMYB73	β-胡萝卜素β-Carotene	与bHLH转录因子协同激活LCYB基因转录，促进β-胡萝卜素积累Cooperates with bHLH transcription factors to activate the transcription of the LCYB gene and promote β-carotene accumulation	Wei et al.,2025
柑橘Citrus reticulata	CrMYB33	类胡萝卜素Carotenoid	直接结合PSY基因启动子并激活其转录，促进果实类胡萝卜素合成 It directly binds to the promoter of the PSY gene and activates its transcription，thereby promoting carotenoid biosynthesis in fruit	Tian et al.,2024
郁金香Tulipa gesneriana	TgMYB12	β-胡萝卜素β-Carotene	与 WRKY 转录因子形成调控网络，光依赖型调控β-胡萝卜素合成 It forms a regulatory network with WRKY transcription factors and light-dependently regulates β-carotene biosynthesis	Wang et al.,2022b
月季Rosa hybrida	RcMYB1	类胡萝卜素Carotenoid	双功能调控LYCB/LYCE基因转录，协同调控花瓣类胡萝卜素积累Bifunctionally regulates the transcription of LYCB/LYCE genes and coordinately modulates carotenoid accumulation in petals	He et al.,2023
香蕉Musa acuminata	MaMYB60	叶绿素Chlorophyll	直接结合并激活叶绿素降解相关基因启动子，促进叶绿素降解It directly binds to and activates the promoters of chlorophyll degradation-related genes，thereby promoting chlorophyll degradation	Wei et al.,2023
柑橘Citrus reticulata	CitMYB	叶绿素Chlorophyll	抑制叶绿素降解基因转录，维持叶片滞绿表型 It inhibits the transcription of chlorophyll degradation genes and maintains the leaf stay-green phenotype	Lu et al.,2025
叶用莴苣Lactuca sativa	LsMYB15	叶绿素Chlorophyll	时空特异性调控叶绿素合成与降解平衡，维持叶片色泽稳定 Spatiotemporally regulates the balance of chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation，and maintains leaf color stability	Kong et al.,2024
不结球白菜Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis	BrMYB44	叶绿素Chlorophyll	激活叶绿素合成基因BrPORA/BrCAO转录，促进叶片叶绿素合成 It activates the transcription of chlorophyll synthesis genes BrPORA/BrCAO，and promotes chlorophyll biosynthesis in leaves	Zhang et al.,2023
番茄Solanum lycopersicum	SlMYB72	叶绿素Chlorophyll	负向调控叶绿体发育与叶绿素合成，影响果实叶绿素积累 Negatively regulates chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis, and affects chlorophyll accumulation in fruits	Wu et al.,2023
凤梨草莓Fragaria × ananassa	FaMYB5	类黄酮Flavonoid	负向调控类黄酮合成通路，抑制花青素与原花青素积累 Negatively regulates the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and inhibits the accumulation of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins	Yue et al.,2023
大麦Hordeum vulgare	HvMYB5	类黄酮Flavonoid	激活类黄酮合成相关基因转录，调控籽粒类黄酮积累 It activates the transcription of flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes and modulates flavonoid accumulation in grains	Matros et al.,2010