芥菜功能基因组与分子育种研究进展

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0083

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 芥菜是十字花科芸薹属重要的异源四倍体，遗传变异丰富，芥菜类蔬菜是中国特色的鲜食加工兼用型蔬菜。本文综述了芥菜的起源与驯化历史、基因组研究以及多倍体亚基因组非对称进化与性状选择机制，并对芥菜产量、抗病性、品质和细胞质雄性不育等重要性状的功能基因挖掘与分子育种现状进行总结，最后，对基于大数据的芥菜复杂性状研究和高通量分子设计育种体系提出了新的思考与展望。

关键词: 芥菜, 起源驯化, 功能基因组学, 分子育种, 综述

Abstract: Brassica juncea，an important allopolyploid of the U's triangle model of Brassicaceae，exhibits abundant genetic variation，with vegetable-used B. juncea displaying characteristics of fresh and processing mixed main vegetables in China. This article provided a comprehensive review of the origin，domestication，genome resources and the mechanism of subgenome asymmetric evolution in allopolyploid B. juncea，which contributes to the phenotypic variations. It also provided an update on functional gene mining and molecular breeding for important traits，such as shoot branching，tumida stem formation，disease resistance，quality，and cytoplasmic male sterility. Finally，new considerations and prospects are proposed for the exploration of complex traits using big data analytics and the establishment of high-throughput molecular design breeding systems in B. juncea.

Key words: Brassica juncea, origin and domestication, functional genomics, molecular breeding, review

中图分类号:

S 637.1

沙彤芸, 李樟萍 , 胡仲远, 张明方, 杨景华. 芥菜功能基因组与分子育种研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0083.

SHA Tongyun, LI Zhangping, HU Zhongyuan, ZHANG Mingfang, YANG Jinghua. Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding in Brassica juncea[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0083.

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