萝卜基因组学与分子育种研究进展

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0367

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着基因组学和生物技术的快速发展，萝卜品种改良工作由传统育种向分子设计育种与智慧育种阶段转型。本文中系统综述了萝卜核基因组、泛基因组与细胞质基因组研究的最新进展；围绕主要育种目标重点探讨了萝卜肉质根形成膨大、主要病害与非生物胁迫抗性、品质、抽薹性与雄性不育等重要性状相关的分子基础以及在分子育种领域的应用。基于基因组信息与性状分子基础初步提出萝卜“精准智慧育种”策略的理论框架；通过整合多组学数据进行综合分析揭示复杂性状的调控机制；强化快速育种研究，建立从基因型—表型—环境互作到设计育种的精准智慧育种技术体系，为实现萝卜等十字花科蔬菜作物“产量—抗性—品质”协同遗传改良提供理论和技术支撑。

关键词: 萝卜, 基因组学, 分子育种, 品质性状, 遗传改良

Abstract:

With the rapid development of genomics and biotechnology，the genetic improvement of radish has transformed from conventional breeding to the stages of molecular design breeding and intelligent breeding. This article systematically reviews the latest progress in the research of radish nuclear genome，pan-genome and cytoplasmic genome. Focusing on the main breeding objectives，the molecular basis related to formation and thickening of radish taproot，resistances to main diseases and abiotic stresses，quality，bolting and male sterility were discussed，and their applications in the field of molecular breeding were also discussed. Based on the genomic information and the molecular basis of traits，the theoretical framework of the“Precise and Intelligent Breeding”strategy is further proposed. Multi-omics data were integrated for comprehensive analysis to reveal the regulatory mechanism of complex traits. Strengthening the research on Speed breeding，establishing a precise and intelligent breeding technology system from the interaction of genotype-phenotype-environment to design breeding，which would provide theoretical and technical support for the collaborative genetic improvement of yield，resistance and quality of Brassicaceae vegetable crops including radish.

Key words: radish, genomics, molecular breeding, quality trait, genetic improvement

褚文龙, 张晓莉, 徐良, 王燕, 柳李旺. 萝卜基因组学与分子育种研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(5): 1251-1270.

CHU Wenlong, ZHANG Xiaoli, XU Liang, WANG Yan, LIU Liwang. Advances in Genomics and Molecular Breeding in Radish[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(5): 1251-1270.

图/表 4

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基因型 Genotype	测序策略 Sequencing Strategy	组装基因组/Mb Assembled genome	锚定基因组/Mb Anchored genome	Contig N50/Mb	基因数量 Gene number	主要贡献国家 Major contributing country	参考文献 Reference
Aokubi	Illumina + Sanger	402.00	-	-	61 572	日本 Japan	Kitashiba et al.,2014
纽约野萝卜（Raphanus raphanistrum）	Illumina	254.60	-	0.01	38 174	美国 The United States	Moghe et al.,2014
‘Aokubi’DH系	Illumina	383.30	-	-	64 657	日本 Japan	Mitsui et al.,2015
R. sativus ‘Xiangyabai’	Illumina	387.73	325.42	0.04	43 240	中国 China	Zhang et al.,2015
R. sativus ‘WK10039’自交系	Illumina HiSeq + Roche 454 + PacBio + Sanger	426.20	344.00	0.02	46 514	韩国 Korea	Jeong et al.,2016
‘Okute-Sakurajima’	DNBSEQ-G400 + PacBio	504.50	349.82	1.25	89 915	日本 Japan	Shirasawa et al.,2020
R. sativus var. longipinnatus（Xin-li-mei)	PacBio + Illumina + BioNano + Hi-C	459.83	446.39	18.72	44 109	中国 China	Zhang et al.,2021b
R. sativus var. caudatus		473.78	465.16	1.89	47 156
AH.sativus var. Oleiformis （Yuanmou oil)		514.68	499.79	7.71	52 190
R. sativus var. niger		465.14	434.44	6.52	46 415
R. sativus var. longipinnatus (Yanzhong)		461.74	447.84	14.11	42 763
R. sativus var. longipinnatus (Moriguchi Daikon)		487.87	469.48	10.38	46 711
R. sativus var. radicula		466.54	451.36	6.63	45 662
R. sativus var. raphanistroides		486.35	469.53	12.06	45 305
R. raphanistrum ssp. landra		418.33	412.05	4.07	43 703
R. raphanistrum ssp. raphanistrum		421.55	408.18	7.76	42 319
R. raphanistrum × R. sativus		488.95	467.59	5.10	45 658
R. sativus ‘WK10039’	Illumina + PacBio + NovaSeq + Hi-C	433.84	331.60	0.25	52 768	日本 Japan	Cho et al.,2022
‘NAU-LB’	Illumina + PacBio + BioNano + Hi-C	476.32	448.12	1.76	40 306	中国 China	Xu et al.,2023

基因型 Genotype	测序策略 Sequencing Strategy	组装基因组/Mb Assembled genome	锚定基因组/Mb Anchored genome	Contig N50/Mb	基因数量 Gene number	主要贡献国家 Major contributing country	参考文献 Reference
Aokubi	Illumina + Sanger	402.00	-	-	61 572	日本 Japan	Kitashiba et al.,2014
纽约野萝卜（Raphanus raphanistrum）	Illumina	254.60	-	0.01	38 174	美国 The United States	Moghe et al.,2014
‘Aokubi’DH系	Illumina	383.30	-	-	64 657	日本 Japan	Mitsui et al.,2015
R. sativus ‘Xiangyabai’	Illumina	387.73	325.42	0.04	43 240	中国 China	Zhang et al.,2015
R. sativus ‘WK10039’自交系	Illumina HiSeq + Roche 454 + PacBio + Sanger	426.20	344.00	0.02	46 514	韩国 Korea	Jeong et al.,2016
‘Okute-Sakurajima’	DNBSEQ-G400 + PacBio	504.50	349.82	1.25	89 915	日本 Japan	Shirasawa et al.,2020
R. sativus var. longipinnatus（Xin-li-mei)	PacBio + Illumina + BioNano + Hi-C	459.83	446.39	18.72	44 109	中国 China	Zhang et al.,2021b
R. sativus var. caudatus		473.78	465.16	1.89	47 156
AH.sativus var. Oleiformis （Yuanmou oil)		514.68	499.79	7.71	52 190
R. sativus var. niger		465.14	434.44	6.52	46 415
R. sativus var. longipinnatus (Yanzhong)		461.74	447.84	14.11	42 763
R. sativus var. longipinnatus (Moriguchi Daikon)		487.87	469.48	10.38	46 711
R. sativus var. radicula		466.54	451.36	6.63	45 662
R. sativus var. raphanistroides		486.35	469.53	12.06	45 305
R. raphanistrum ssp. landra		418.33	412.05	4.07	43 703
R. raphanistrum ssp. raphanistrum		421.55	408.18	7.76	42 319
R. raphanistrum × R. sativus		488.95	467.59	5.10	45 658
R. sativus ‘WK10039’	Illumina + PacBio + NovaSeq + Hi-C	433.84	331.60	0.25	52 768	日本 Japan	Cho et al.,2022
‘NAU-LB’	Illumina + PacBio + BioNano + Hi-C	476.32	448.12	1.76	40 306	中国 China	Xu et al.,2023