番茄灰霉病菌对咪鲜胺的抗性检测及风险评估

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0425

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了明确番茄灰霉病菌对咪鲜胺的抗性水平及抗性风险，采用菌丝生长速率法建立了敏感基线，并检测了山西省不同地区番茄灰霉病菌对咪鲜胺的抗性水平；采用药剂驯化和紫外诱导探究了番茄灰霉病菌对咪鲜胺的抗性风险，并对抗性突变体的遗传稳定性及生物学特性进行了研究，测定了咪鲜胺与常用药剂之间的交互抗性。结果显示：从未使用过咪鲜胺的地区分离的89株番茄灰霉病菌，建立的敏感基线为（0.1297 ± 0.0765）μg · mL^-1；在山西省各地分离到116株番茄灰霉病菌，检测到6株低抗菌株，抗性频率为5.17%。通过药剂驯化和紫外诱导各获得3株中抗菌株和1株低抗菌株，转接8代后抗性可稳定遗传；抗性突变体的生物学特性低于亲本菌株。咪鲜胺与戊唑醇、氟吡菌酰胺、咯菌腈、嘧霉胺、异菌脲和百菌清之间均无交互抗性。总之，山西省番茄灰霉病菌群体对咪鲜胺敏感，抗性水平较低；咪鲜胺对灰霉病菌的抗性菌株不易形成优势菌株，属于低至中等抗性风险；生产上可以交替使用不同作用机理的药剂防治番茄灰霉病，延缓灰霉病菌对咪鲜胺抗性的产生。

关键词: 番茄, 灰霉病菌, 咪鲜胺, 敏感基线, 抗性检测, 风险评估

Abstract:

In order to determine the resistance level and risk of Botrytis cinerea to prochloraz. In this study，the mycelial growth rate was used to establish sensitivity baseline and detect the resistance level of B. cinerea to prochloraz in different regions of Shanxi Province. The risk of resistance of B. cinerea to prochloraz was investigated by chemical acclimation and ultraviolet induction，and the genetic stability and biological characteristics of the resistant mutants were studied，and the cross-resistance between prochloraz and commonly used agents was determined. The results showed that the 89 isolates of B. cinerea isolated from areas where prochloraz had never been used were established with the sensitivity baseline of（0.1297 ± 0.0765）μg · mL^-1. A total of 116 isolates of B. cinerea were isolated from various parts of Shanxi Province，and 6 isolates with low resistance were detected with a resistance frequency of 5.17%. Three medium-resistant strains and one low-resistance strain were obtained by chemical acclimation and ultraviolet induction，and the resistance could be stably inherited after 8 generations，and the biological characteristics of the resistant mutant were lower than those of the parental strains. There is no cross-resistance between prochloraz and tebuconazole，fluopyramide，fludioxonil，pyrimethanil，iprodione and chlorothalonil. In conclusion，the B. cinerea in Shanxi Province was sensitive to prochloraz and had a low resistance level，while the resistant strains of prochloraz to B. cinerea were not easy to form dominant strains，and belonged to the low to medium resistance risk. In production，agents with different mechanisms of action can be used alternately to prevent and control tomato gray mold and delay the occurrence of prochloraz resistance of B. cinerea.

Key words: tomato, Botrytis cinerea, prochloraz, sensitivity baseline, resistant detection, risk of resistance

任潇妍, 贾仡伟, 王潞伟, 李甜爽, 刘海霞, 姚艳平, 王春伟, 王美琴. 番茄灰霉病菌对咪鲜胺的抗性检测及风险评估[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(7): 1915-1925.

REN Xiaoyan, JIA Yiwei, WANG Luwei, LI Tianshuang, LIU Haixia, YAO Yanping, WANG Chunwei, and WANG Meiqin. Detection and Risk Resistance Assessment of Botrytis cinerea on Tomatoes to Prochloraz[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(7): 1915-1925.

图/表 10

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菌株来源 Sampling source	EC₅₀值范围/（μg · mL^-1） Range of EC₅₀ value	平均EC₅₀/（μg · mL^-1） Mean of EC₅₀ value	抗性类型数量 Number of resistance type
菌株来源 Sampling source	EC₅₀值范围/（μg · mL^-1） Range of EC₅₀ value	平均EC₅₀/（μg · mL^-1） Mean of EC₅₀ value	敏感S	低抗LR
晋南Jinnan	0.0184 ~ 1.8285	0.2590 ± 0.0636	29	2
晋东南Southeast of Jin	0.0196 ~ 0.5615	0.1753 ± 0.0318	16	0
吕梁Lüliang	0.0218 ~ 0.0693	0.0450 ± 0.0101	5	0
太原Taiyuan	0.0394 ~ 0.6181	0.2337 ± 0.0870	16	0
晋中Jinzhong	0.0197 ~ 1.6948	0.3201 ± 0.0983	18	3
阳泉Yangquan	0.0705 ~ 0.5723	0.2326 ± 0.0325	19	0
晋北Jinbei	0.0179 ~ 0.9182	0.2594 ± 0.1133	7	1

菌株来源 Sampling source	EC₅₀值范围/（μg · mL^-1） Range of EC₅₀ value	平均EC₅₀/（μg · mL^-1） Mean of EC₅₀ value	抗性类型数量 Number of resistance type
菌株来源 Sampling source	EC₅₀值范围/（μg · mL^-1） Range of EC₅₀ value	平均EC₅₀/（μg · mL^-1） Mean of EC₅₀ value	敏感S	低抗LR
晋南Jinnan	0.0184 ~ 1.8285	0.2590 ± 0.0636	29	2
晋东南Southeast of Jin	0.0196 ~ 0.5615	0.1753 ± 0.0318	16	0
吕梁Lüliang	0.0218 ~ 0.0693	0.0450 ± 0.0101	5	0
太原Taiyuan	0.0394 ~ 0.6181	0.2337 ± 0.0870	16	0
晋中Jinzhong	0.0197 ~ 1.6948	0.3201 ± 0.0983	18	3
阳泉Yangquan	0.0705 ~ 0.5723	0.2326 ± 0.0325	19	0
晋北Jinbei	0.0179 ~ 0.9182	0.2594 ± 0.1133	7	1

菌株 Isolates	毒力回归方程 Regression equation	相关系数 Relative coefficient	EC₅₀/（μg · mL^-1）	抗性倍数 Resistance factor	抗性类型 Resistance type
fsF3	y = 0.6106x + 5.6018	0.9903	0.1034	1	敏感S
fsF3a	y = 0.1814x + 4.3467	0.9513	4.7156	36	中抗MR
fsF3-1	y = 0.8896x + 4.4169	0.9665	4.5234	35	中抗MR
wzF2	y = 0.4428x + 5.3006	0.9543	0.2095	2	敏感S
wzF2a	y = 0.6145x + 4.5654	0.9783	5.0963	39	中抗MR
pgF5	y = 0.4200x + 5.3062	0.9811	0.1866	1	敏感S
pgF5-1	y = 0.7081x + 4.8305	0.9507	1.7354	13	抵抗LR

菌株 Isolates	毒力回归方程 Regression equation	相关系数 Relative coefficient	EC₅₀/（μg · mL^-1）	抗性倍数 Resistance factor	抗性类型 Resistance type
fsF3	y = 0.6106x + 5.6018	0.9903	0.1034	1	敏感S
fsF3a	y = 0.1814x + 4.3467	0.9513	4.7156	36	中抗MR
fsF3-1	y = 0.8896x + 4.4169	0.9665	4.5234	35	中抗MR
wzF2	y = 0.4428x + 5.3006	0.9543	0.2095	2	敏感S
wzF2a	y = 0.6145x + 4.5654	0.9783	5.0963	39	中抗MR
pgF5	y = 0.4200x + 5.3062	0.9811	0.1866	1	敏感S
pgF5-1	y = 0.7081x + 4.8305	0.9507	1.7354	13	抵抗LR

菌株 Isolates	EC₅₀/（μg · mL^-1）
菌株 Isolates	第2代 Second generation	抗性倍数 Resistance Factor	第4代 Fourth generation	抗性倍数 Resistance Factor	第6代 Sixth generation	抗性倍数 Resistance Factor	第8代 Eighth generation	抗性倍数 Resistance Factor
fsF3a	4.7107	36	3.4515	27	4.6878	36	4.5035	35
fsF3-1	4.0290	31	3.8986	30	3.9287	30	3.9230	30
wzF2a	6.2792	48	5.4487	42	4.5020	35	4.8492	37
pgF5-1	2.3635	18	2.6400	20	1.4972	12	1.8933	15