南瓜砧木嫁接对黄瓜品种DUS测试基本性状和果实品质指标的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0524

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以华北型、华南型和欧洲型黄瓜各1个品种为接穗，以1个南瓜品种为砧木嫁接，依据《NY/T 2235-2012植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南黄瓜》和UPOV测试指南TG/61/7探讨嫁接对其50个DUS测试基本性状和5个果实品质指标的影响。结果表明：（1）50个DUS测试基本性状中的10个质量性状、7个假质量性状和7个目测数量性状的代码在3个品种嫁接处理和自根对照间保持不变，性状稳定性好，可作为砧木嫁接黄瓜品种鉴别的主要性状;6个目测数量性状在嫁接处理和自根对照间代码值相差1，差异不显著，可作为砧木嫁接黄瓜品种鉴别的备选性状;而砧木嫁接对个体测量数量性状有影响，其中主蔓节间长度、叶片长度在3个品种嫁接处理和自根对照间的差异达极显著水平，不宜用于砧木嫁接黄瓜品种的鉴别;（2）与自根对照相比，3个品种嫁接处理果实蛋白质含量均显著提高，可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量没有显著变化，华北型品种嫁接处理中干物质含量极显著降低，而华南型和欧洲型品种没有显著变化。

关键词: 黄瓜, 嫁接, DUS测试, 性状, 果实品质

Abstract:

Using one variety each for North China type，South China type，and European type as scion，and one pumpkin variety as rootstock，the effects of rootstock grafting on the expression of 50 basic DUS characteristics and five fruit quality indicators of cucumber varieties were studied in accordance with the“NY/T 2235-2012 guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness，uniformity and stability- cucumber”and UPOV Testing Guidelines TG/61/7. The results showed that：（1）Among the 50 basic DUS characteristics，ten qualitative characteristics，seven pseudo-qualitative characteristics，and seven quantitative characteristics which were visually assessed remained unchanged between the grafted and self-rooted treatments of the three varieties，indicated that these characteristics had good stability and they could be used as the main characteristics for identifying cucumber varieties grafted with rootstocks;the notes of other six quantitative characteristics which were visually assessed differed by one between the grafted and self-rooted treatments，resulting in the difference was not significant，so these characteristics could be used as the alternative characteristics for identifying cucumber varieties grafted with rootstocks. While，grafting had an impact on the quantitative characteristics which were measured by individuals，with significant differences in internode length of main vine and length of leaf blade between the grafted and self-rooted treatments of the three varieties，making them unsuitable for identifying cucumber varieties grafted with rootstocks.（2）Compared with the self-rooted plant，the protein content of the fruits in the grafted plant of three varieties was significantly increased，while the soluble solid content，vitamin C content and soluble sugar content did not significantly change. The dry matter content in the grafted plant of North China type variety was significantly reduced，while there was no significant change in the South China and European type varieties.

Key words: cucumber, grafting, DUS test, characteristics, fruit quality

付深造, 任君, 王鑫, 王宁宁, 房建, 徐东辉, 杨坤. 南瓜砧木嫁接对黄瓜品种DUS测试基本性状和果实品质指标的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(12): 2665-2679.

FU Shenzao, REN Jun, WANG Xin, WANG Ningning, FANG Jian, XU Donghui, YANG Kun. Effects of Pumpkin Rootstock Grafting on the Expressions of Basic DUS Characteristics and Fruit Quality Indicators in Cucumber[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(12): 2665-2679.

图/表 5

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性状 Characteristics	2021010092（华北型 North China type）				2021010081（华南型 South China type）				WEI10000058（欧洲型 European type）
	自根 Self-rooted		嫁接 Grafted		自根 Self-rooted		嫁接 Grafted		自根 Self-rooted		嫁接 Grafted
	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression
生长类型 Growth type	2	无限 Indeterminate	2	无限 Indeterminate	2	无限 Indeterminate	2	无限 Indeterminate	2	无限 Indeterminate	2	无限 Indeterminate
性型 Sex expression	1	普通型 Monoecious	1	普通型 Monoecious	3	雌性型 Gynoecious	3	雌性型 Gynoecious	2	强雌型 Subgynoecious	2	强雌型 Subgynoecious
子房刺毛颜色 Color of ovary vestiture	1	白色 White	1	白色 White	1	白色 White	1	白色 White	1	白色 White	1	白色 White
果实斑块 Dots of fruit	1	无 Absent	1	无 Absent	1	无 Absent	1	无 Absent	1	无 Absent	1	无 Absent
果实缝合线 Sutures of fruit	9	有 Present	9	有 Present	1	无 Absent	1	无 Absent	1	无 Absent	1	无 Absent
果实皱折 Creasing of fruit	1	无 Absent	1	无 Absent	1	无 Absent	1	无 Absent	9	有 Present	9	有 Present
果实刺毛类型 Type of fruit vestiture	3	仅有刺 Prickles only	3	仅有刺 Prickles only	3	仅有刺 Prickles only	3	仅有刺 Prickles only	1	仅有毛 Hairs only	1	仅有毛 Hairs only
果实瘤 Warts of fruit	9	有 Present	9	有 Present	9	有 Present	9	有 Present	1	无 Absent	1	无 Absent
单性结实 Parthenocarpy	9	有 Present	9	有 Present	9	有 Present	9	有 Present	9	有 Present	9	有 Present
果实网纹 Net of fruit skin	1	无 Absent	1	无 Absent	9	有 Present	9	有 Present	1	无 Absent	1	无 Absent

性状 Characteristics	2021010092（华北型 North China type）				2021010081（华南型 South China type）				WEI10000058（欧洲型 European type）
	自根 Self-rooted		嫁接 Grafted		自根 Self-rooted		嫁接 Grafted		自根 Self-rooted		嫁接 Grafted
	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression
生长类型 Growth type	2	无限 Indeterminate	2	无限 Indeterminate	2	无限 Indeterminate	2	无限 Indeterminate	2	无限 Indeterminate	2	无限 Indeterminate
性型 Sex expression	1	普通型 Monoecious	1	普通型 Monoecious	3	雌性型 Gynoecious	3	雌性型 Gynoecious	2	强雌型 Subgynoecious	2	强雌型 Subgynoecious
子房刺毛颜色 Color of ovary vestiture	1	白色 White	1	白色 White	1	白色 White	1	白色 White	1	白色 White	1	白色 White
果实斑块 Dots of fruit	1	无 Absent	1	无 Absent	1	无 Absent	1	无 Absent	1	无 Absent	1	无 Absent
果实缝合线 Sutures of fruit	9	有 Present	9	有 Present	1	无 Absent	1	无 Absent	1	无 Absent	1	无 Absent
果实皱折 Creasing of fruit	1	无 Absent	1	无 Absent	1	无 Absent	1	无 Absent	9	有 Present	9	有 Present
果实刺毛类型 Type of fruit vestiture	3	仅有刺 Prickles only	3	仅有刺 Prickles only	3	仅有刺 Prickles only	3	仅有刺 Prickles only	1	仅有毛 Hairs only	1	仅有毛 Hairs only
果实瘤 Warts of fruit	9	有 Present	9	有 Present	9	有 Present	9	有 Present	1	无 Absent	1	无 Absent
单性结实 Parthenocarpy	9	有 Present	9	有 Present	9	有 Present	9	有 Present	9	有 Present	9	有 Present
果实网纹 Net of fruit skin	1	无 Absent	1	无 Absent	9	有 Present	9	有 Present	1	无 Absent	1	无 Absent

性状 Characteristics	2021010092（华北型 North China type）				2021010081（华南型 South China type）				WEI10000058（欧洲型 European type）
	自根 Self-rooted		嫁接 Grafted		自根 Self-rooted		嫁接 Grafted		自根 Self-rooted		嫁接 Grafted
	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression
叶片形状 Shape of leaf blade	3	心形五角 Heart-shaped pentagon	3	心形五角 Heart-shaped pentagon	3	心形五角 Heart-shaped pentagon	4	心形 Heart-shaped	3	心形五角 Heart-shaped pentagon	3	心形五角 Heart-shaped pentagon
叶先端形状 Shape of leaf apex	2	直角 Right-angled	3	钝角 Obtuse	2	直角 Right-angled	2	直角 Right-angled	2	直角 Right-angled	2	直角 Right-angled
子房刺毛 Vestiture of ovary	4	密刺 Dense prickles	4	密刺 Dense prickles	3	疏刺 Sparse prickles	3	疏刺 Sparse prickles	2	仅有软毛 Soft hairs only	2	仅有软毛 Soft hairs only
果实形状 Shape of fruit	7	棒状 Clavate	7	棒状 Clavate	7	棒状 Clavate	7	棒状 Clavate	6	圆筒形 Cylinder	6	圆筒形 Cylinder
果实顶端形状 Shape of fruit calyx end	2	钝尖 Obtuse	2	钝尖 Obtuse	2	钝尖 Obtuse	2	钝尖 Obtuse	2	钝尖 Obtuse	2	钝尖 Obtuse
瓜把形状 Shape of stem end	2	溜肩形 Acute	2	溜肩形 Acute	2	溜肩形 Acute	2	溜肩形 Acute	2	溜肩形 Acute	2	溜肩形 Acute
果色（商品期） Ground color of fruit skin（at market stage）	7	深绿色 Dark green	7	深绿色 Dark green	7	深绿色 Dark green	6	中等绿色 Medium green	6	中等绿色 Medium green	6	中等绿色 Medium green
果刺颜色 Color of fruit vestiture	1	白色 White	1	白色 White	1	白色 White	1	白色 White	—	—	—	—
果肉颜色 Flesh color	2	浅绿色 Light green	2	浅绿色 Light green	2	浅绿色 Light green	2	浅绿色 Light green	2	浅绿色 Light green	2	浅绿色 Light green
果色（生理成熟） Ground color of fruit skin（at physiological ripeness）	2	黄色 Yellow	2	黄色 Yellow	2	黄色 Yellow	2	黄色 Yellow	2	黄色 Yellow	2	黄色 Yellow

性状 Characteristics	2021010092（华北型 North China type）				2021010081（华南型 South China type）				WEI10000058（欧洲型 European type）
	自根 Self-rooted		嫁接 Grafted		自根 Self-rooted		嫁接 Grafted		自根 Self-rooted		嫁接 Grafted
	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression
叶片形状 Shape of leaf blade	3	心形五角 Heart-shaped pentagon	3	心形五角 Heart-shaped pentagon	3	心形五角 Heart-shaped pentagon	4	心形 Heart-shaped	3	心形五角 Heart-shaped pentagon	3	心形五角 Heart-shaped pentagon
叶先端形状 Shape of leaf apex	2	直角 Right-angled	3	钝角 Obtuse	2	直角 Right-angled	2	直角 Right-angled	2	直角 Right-angled	2	直角 Right-angled
子房刺毛 Vestiture of ovary	4	密刺 Dense prickles	4	密刺 Dense prickles	3	疏刺 Sparse prickles	3	疏刺 Sparse prickles	2	仅有软毛 Soft hairs only	2	仅有软毛 Soft hairs only
果实形状 Shape of fruit	7	棒状 Clavate	7	棒状 Clavate	7	棒状 Clavate	7	棒状 Clavate	6	圆筒形 Cylinder	6	圆筒形 Cylinder
果实顶端形状 Shape of fruit calyx end	2	钝尖 Obtuse	2	钝尖 Obtuse	2	钝尖 Obtuse	2	钝尖 Obtuse	2	钝尖 Obtuse	2	钝尖 Obtuse
瓜把形状 Shape of stem end	2	溜肩形 Acute	2	溜肩形 Acute	2	溜肩形 Acute	2	溜肩形 Acute	2	溜肩形 Acute	2	溜肩形 Acute
果色（商品期） Ground color of fruit skin（at market stage）	7	深绿色 Dark green	7	深绿色 Dark green	7	深绿色 Dark green	6	中等绿色 Medium green	6	中等绿色 Medium green	6	中等绿色 Medium green
果刺颜色 Color of fruit vestiture	1	白色 White	1	白色 White	1	白色 White	1	白色 White	—	—	—	—
果肉颜色 Flesh color	2	浅绿色 Light green	2	浅绿色 Light green	2	浅绿色 Light green	2	浅绿色 Light green	2	浅绿色 Light green	2	浅绿色 Light green
果色（生理成熟） Ground color of fruit skin（at physiological ripeness）	2	黄色 Yellow	2	黄色 Yellow	2	黄色 Yellow	2	黄色 Yellow	2	黄色 Yellow	2	黄色 Yellow

性状 Characteristics	2021010092（华北型 North China type）				2021010081（华南型 South China type）				WEI10000058（欧洲型 European type）
	自根 Self-rooted		嫁接 Grafted		自根 Self-rooted		嫁接 Grafted		自根 Self-rooted		嫁接 Grafted
	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression	代码 Note	表达状态 State of expression
生长势 Growth potential	6	中到强 Medium to strong	6	中到强 Medium to strong	7	强 Strong	7	强 Strong	7	强 Strong	7	强 Strong
分枝性 Branching	6	中到强 Medium to strong	6	中到强 Medium to strong	5	中 Medium	6	中到强 Medium to strong	6	中到强 Medium to strong	7	强 Strong
最大单节雌花数 Maximum number of female flowers per node	1	1 One	1	1 One	2	2 ~ 3 Two to three	2	2 ~ 3 Two to three	1	1 One	1	1 One
叶绿程度 Intensity of leaf green color	7	深 Dark	6	中到深 Medium to dark	3	浅 Light	3	浅 Light	4	浅到中 Light to medium	5	中 Medium
叶缘缺刻 Indentations of leaf margin	2	极浅到浅 Very shallow to shallow	2	极浅到浅 Very shallow to shallow	2	极浅到浅 Very shallow to shallow	2	极浅到浅 Very shallow to shallow	2	极浅到浅 Very shallow to shallow	2	极浅到浅 Very shallow to shallow
果面蜡粉 Glaucosity of fruit skin	5	中 Medium	4	弱到中 Weak to medium	4	弱到中 Weak to medium	4	弱到中 Weak to medium	3	弱 Weak	3	弱 Weak
果面光泽 Gloss of fruit skin	2	中 Medium	2	中 Medium	2	中 Medium	2	中 Medium	3	强 Strong	3	强 Strong
果面黄线长度 Length of fruit skin stripes	1	无或极短 Absent or very short	1	无或极短 Absent or very short	3	短 Short	2	极短到短 Very short to short	3	短 Short	2	极短到短 Very short to short
果棱 Fruit ribs	2	弱 Weak	4	强 Strong	1	无或极弱 Absent or very weak	1	无或极弱 Absent or very weak	2	弱 Weak	2	弱 Weak
果刺密度 Density of fruit vestiture	7	密 Dense	7	密 Dense	5	中 Medium	5	中 Medium	—	—	—	—
果瘤数量 Number of fruit warts	7	多 Many	7	多 Many	5	中 Medium	5	中 Medium	—	—	—	—
果瘤大小 Size of fruit warts	5	中 Medium	4	小到中 Small to medium	2	极小到小 Very small to small	2	极小到小 Very small to small	—	—	—	—
果腔相对果横径 Core diameter in relation to diameter of fruit	5	中 Medium	5	中 Medium	5	中 Medium	6	中到大 Medium to large	5	中 Medium	5	中 Medium
果实苦味 Fruit bitterness	1	无或极弱 Absent or very weak	1	无或极弱 Absent or very weak	1	无或极弱 Absent or very weak	1	无或极弱 Absent or very weak	2	弱 Weak	2	弱 Weak
始收期天数/d Number of days of the beginning time of harvest		60		65		49		58		56		62