荷花花器官性状与SSR标记的关联分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0919

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了挖掘与荷花花器官性状显著相关的分子标记，对60份荷花种质资源的18个花器官性状进行鉴定描述，用筛选得到的16个具有多态性的SSR标记进行遗传多样性分析，并使用TASSEL5.0软件的广义线性模型（general linear mode，GLM）和混合线性模型（mixed linear mode，MLM）对18个花器官性状进行关联分析。研究结果显示，16个SSR标记以二核苷酸重复和三核苷酸重复类型为主，两者占比均为43.75%；在60份荷花种质中扩增出105个多态性位点，平均多态性位点为6.5625；引物多态性含量（PIC）为0.2898 ~ 0.7029，平均值为0.5242；Shannon’s信息指数（I）平均值为1.1548；观测杂合度（H_o）和期望杂合度（H_e）平均值分别为0.4308和0.5819。60份荷花品种的遗传相似系数（GS）为0.38 ~ 0.92，平均值为0.67；在GS为0.60处将60份荷花种质分为3大种群。GLM模型分析共检测到31个SSR位点，表型解释率为15.72% ~ 76.76%；MLM模型分析共检测到13个SSR位点，表型解释率为20.25% ~ 78.40%；其中有10个位点被二者同时检测到。此外有9个SSR标记的位点在2 ~ 5个花器官性状中被检测到，表现出显著的“一因多效”现象。

关键词: 荷花, 花器官, 性状, SSR分子标记, 关联分析

Abstract:

In order to discover the molecular markers related to the organ traits of lotus flowers，the 18 floral organ traits of 60 lotus germplasm resources were identified and described，16 polymorphic SSR markers were screened to analyze their genetic diversity，and use the generalized linear model（GLM）and mixed linear model（MLM）of TASSEL5.0 software to carry out correlation analysis on 18 traits of floral organs. The results of the study showed that the 16 SSR markers were mainly dinucleotide repeats and trinucleotide repeats，both accounting for 43.75%；105 polymorphic loci were amplified in 60 lotus germplasm materials，with an average number of 6.5625；the primer polymorphism content（PIC）ranged from 0.2898 to 0.7029，with an average value of 0.5242；the average value of Shannon’s information index was 1.1548；and the average value of observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity were 0.4308 and 0.5819. The genetic similarity coefficient（GS）of 60 lotus cultivars was from 0.38 to 0.92，with an average value of 0.67. At the GS value of 0.60，60 lotus germplasms were divided into three major populations. GLM model analysis detected 31 SSR loci，with the phenotypic interpretation rate ranged from 15.72% to 76.76%；MLM model analysis detected 13 SSR loci，with a phenotypic interpretation rate ranged from 20.25% to 78.40%；ten of them were detected by both. In addition，nine SSR-labeled loci were detected in 2-5 floral organ traits，showing a significant“one cause and multiple effects”phenomenon.

Key words: lotus, floral organ, trait, SSR molecular marker, association analysis

中图分类号:

S682.32

刘艺平, 倪梦辉, 吴芳芳, 刘红利, 贺丹, 孔德政. 荷花花器官性状与SSR标记的关联分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(1): 103-115.

LIU Yiping, NI Menghui, WU Fangfang, LIU Hongli, HE Dan, KONG Dezheng. Association Analysis of Organ Traits with SSR Markers in Lotus（Nelumbo nucifera）[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(1): 103-115.

图/表 11

参考文献 39

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来源 Origin	编号 Code	品种/品系名称 Cultivar/Line name	来源 Origin	编号 Code	品种/品系名称 Cultivar/Line name
中国莲	1	矮牡丹 Aimudan	中国莲	31	雪翠 Xuecui
Nelumbo nucifera	2	粉龙莲 Fenlonglian	N. nucifera Gaertn.	32	瑰丽Guili
Gaertn.	3	红思莲 Hongsilian		33	小红荷Xiaohonghe
	4	中山红台Zhongshan Hongtai		34	淡黄红光Danhuang Hongguang
	5	彩云莲 Caiyunlian		35	翡翠10号 Feicui 10
	6	红重中型Hongchongzhongxing		36	艳阳天Yanyangtian
	7	天地红 Tiandihong		37	鸳鸯出水Yuanyangchushui
	8	高风亮节Gaofengliangjie		38	杏黄Xinghuang
	9	披针粉Pizhenfen		39	太空娇容Taikong Jiaorong
	10	玉翠莲 Yucuilian		40	大紫玉 Daziyu
	11	晚霞 Wanxia		41	娇红 Jiaohong
	12	新披针红Xinpizhenhong		42	山东红牡丹Shandong Hongmudan
	13	粉红重瓣Fenhong Chongban		43	泰泊白玉 Taibo Baiyu
	14	素雅 Suya		44	红云 Hongyun
	15	紫光阁 Ziguang’ge		45	紫重阳 Zichongyang
	16	新深情 Xinshenqing		46	红彩云 Hongcaiyun
	17	乳燕欢 Ruyanhuan		47	桌上珍Zhuoshangzhen
	18	光辉 Guanghui		48	墨红1号 Mohong 1
	19	芙蓉秋色Furong Qiuse		49	南阳黄Nanyanghuang
	20	惊艳 Jingyan	中国莲与美洲黄莲	50	金苹果 Jinpinghuo
	21	红裙 Hongqun	杂交种	51	红莺 Hongying
	22	红飞菊 Hongfeiju	N. nucifera Gaertn. ×	52	莺莺 Yingying
	23	粉团儿 Fentuan’er	N. lutea Pear.	53	黄鹂 Huangli
	24	月华 Yuehua		54	冰娇 Bingjiao
	25	粉霞 Fenxia		55	白兰媚 Bailanmei
	26	露华浓 Luhuanong		56	雪涛 Xuetao
	27	玛瑙红 Ma’naohong		57	友谊牡丹 Youyi Mudan
	28	红牡丹 Hongmudan		58	新云锦 Xinyunjin
	29	红绸 Hongchou		59	雨花情 Yuhuaqing
	30	海南 Hainan		60	黄帅 Huangshuai

来源 Origin	编号 Code	品种/品系名称 Cultivar/Line name	来源 Origin	编号 Code	品种/品系名称 Cultivar/Line name
中国莲	1	矮牡丹 Aimudan	中国莲	31	雪翠 Xuecui
Nelumbo nucifera	2	粉龙莲 Fenlonglian	N. nucifera Gaertn.	32	瑰丽Guili
Gaertn.	3	红思莲 Hongsilian		33	小红荷Xiaohonghe
	4	中山红台Zhongshan Hongtai		34	淡黄红光Danhuang Hongguang
	5	彩云莲 Caiyunlian		35	翡翠10号 Feicui 10
	6	红重中型Hongchongzhongxing		36	艳阳天Yanyangtian
	7	天地红 Tiandihong		37	鸳鸯出水Yuanyangchushui
	8	高风亮节Gaofengliangjie		38	杏黄Xinghuang
	9	披针粉Pizhenfen		39	太空娇容Taikong Jiaorong
	10	玉翠莲 Yucuilian		40	大紫玉 Daziyu
	11	晚霞 Wanxia		41	娇红 Jiaohong
	12	新披针红Xinpizhenhong		42	山东红牡丹Shandong Hongmudan
	13	粉红重瓣Fenhong Chongban		43	泰泊白玉 Taibo Baiyu
	14	素雅 Suya		44	红云 Hongyun
	15	紫光阁 Ziguang’ge		45	紫重阳 Zichongyang
	16	新深情 Xinshenqing		46	红彩云 Hongcaiyun
	17	乳燕欢 Ruyanhuan		47	桌上珍Zhuoshangzhen
	18	光辉 Guanghui		48	墨红1号 Mohong 1
	19	芙蓉秋色Furong Qiuse		49	南阳黄Nanyanghuang
	20	惊艳 Jingyan	中国莲与美洲黄莲	50	金苹果 Jinpinghuo
	21	红裙 Hongqun	杂交种	51	红莺 Hongying
	22	红飞菊 Hongfeiju	N. nucifera Gaertn. ×	52	莺莺 Yingying
	23	粉团儿 Fentuan’er	N. lutea Pear.	53	黄鹂 Huangli
	24	月华 Yuehua		54	冰娇 Bingjiao
	25	粉霞 Fenxia		55	白兰媚 Bailanmei
	26	露华浓 Luhuanong		56	雪涛 Xuetao
	27	玛瑙红 Ma’naohong		57	友谊牡丹 Youyi Mudan
	28	红牡丹 Hongmudan		58	新云锦 Xinyunjin
	29	红绸 Hongchou		59	雨花情 Yuhuaqing
	30	海南 Hainan		60	黄帅 Huangshuai

性状 Trait	遗传多样性指数 H’	性状描述级别 Character description level	资源数 Accessions	分布频率/% Distribution frequency
花色 Flower color	2.19	白色 Black 黄色 Yellow 粉红 Pink 红色 Red 复色 Recolor	12 5 18 17 8	20.00 8.33 30.00 28.33 13.33
花型 Flower type	1.41	单瓣 Single flower 半重瓣 Semidouble flower 重瓣 Double flower 重台 Proliferation Flower	2 7 39 13	3.33 11.67 65.00 21.67
花态 Flower form	1.73	杯状 Cup-shape 碗状 Bowl shape 飞舞状 Flying shape 碟状 Disc shape 叠球状 Stacked sphere shape	9 31 1 16 3	15.00 51.67 1.67 26.67 5.00
花蕾色 Bud color	1.40	绿色 Green 红绿 Red green 红色 Red	15 35 11	25.00 58.33 18.33
花蕾形状 Bud shape	1.04	长卵圆锥形 Long cone shape 卵圆锥形 Cone shape 卵球形 Egg ball shape	5 45 10	8.33 25.00 26.67
雌蕊泡化程度 Degree of pistil vesiculation	1.55	正常 Normal 部分泡化 Partial bubbling 全泡化 Full bubbling 全瓣化 Total petalization	32 15 12 1	53.33 25.00 20.00 1.67
成熟花托形状 Mature receptacle shape	1.76	喇叭形 Trumpet shape 倒圆锥形 Inverted cone shape 伞形 Umbrella shape 扁球形 Oblate shape 碗形 Bowl shape	7 31 1 5 16	11.00 51.67 1.67 8.33 26.67

性状 Trait	遗传多样性指数 H’	性状描述级别 Character description level	资源数 Accessions	分布频率/% Distribution frequency
花色 Flower color	2.19	白色 Black 黄色 Yellow 粉红 Pink 红色 Red 复色 Recolor	12 5 18 17 8	20.00 8.33 30.00 28.33 13.33
花型 Flower type	1.41	单瓣 Single flower 半重瓣 Semidouble flower 重瓣 Double flower 重台 Proliferation Flower	2 7 39 13	3.33 11.67 65.00 21.67
花态 Flower form	1.73	杯状 Cup-shape 碗状 Bowl shape 飞舞状 Flying shape 碟状 Disc shape 叠球状 Stacked sphere shape	9 31 1 16 3	15.00 51.67 1.67 26.67 5.00
花蕾色 Bud color	1.40	绿色 Green 红绿 Red green 红色 Red	15 35 11	25.00 58.33 18.33
花蕾形状 Bud shape	1.04	长卵圆锥形 Long cone shape 卵圆锥形 Cone shape 卵球形 Egg ball shape	5 45 10	8.33 25.00 26.67
雌蕊泡化程度 Degree of pistil vesiculation	1.55	正常 Normal 部分泡化 Partial bubbling 全泡化 Full bubbling 全瓣化 Total petalization	32 15 12 1	53.33 25.00 20.00 1.67
成熟花托形状 Mature receptacle shape	1.76	喇叭形 Trumpet shape 倒圆锥形 Inverted cone shape 伞形 Umbrella shape 扁球形 Oblate shape 碗形 Bowl shape	7 31 1 5 16	11.00 51.67 1.67 8.33 26.67

性状 Trait	最小值 Max	最大值 Min	平均值 Mean	峰度 Kurtosis	偏度 Skewness	变异系数/% CV	遗传多样性指数 H’
花期/d Flowering period	29.00	58.00	49.16 ± 10.32	-1.17	0.22	20.98	5.87
着花密度Flowering density	3.00	12.00	6.86 ± 1.42	-0.86	0.25	35.34	5.82
花高/cm Flower height	39.70	119.40	64.74 ± 17.69	0.94	1.11	27.33	5.85
花冠直径/cm Corolla diameter	5.00	18.50	11.09 ± 3.23	0.32	0.58	29.13	5.85
花被片数量Number of tepals	19.00	264.00	106.42 ± 36.35	0.50	0.67	43.56	5.77
雄蕊数Number of stamens	5.00	140.00	54.56 ± 24.49	-0.21	0.74	63.22	13.44
雌蕊心皮数Number of pistil carpel	5.00	20.00	8.58 ± 3.12	0.79	1.47	36.40	5.83
花丝长/mm Filament length	4.00	14.00	7.66 ± 2.15	0.10	0.40	28.11	5.85
花药长/mm Anthers length	6.00	29.00	10.04 ± 3.41	0.91	1.63	34.03	5.85
花托大小/cm Receptacle size	1.27	3.80	2.28 ± 0.55	0.72	0.73	24.49	5.86
花托直径/cm Torus diameter	1.30	5.30	3.02 ± 1.04	-0.65	0.39	34.52	5.82
均值Average						34.28	6.53