生物炭与不同形态氮肥配施对辣椒产量、品质及镉吸收的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-1158

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为开发适宜安全利用类耕地辣椒镉（Cd）安全生产的碳基复混肥，采用盆栽试验，初步研究了生物炭与不同形态氮肥配施，酰胺态氮 + 生物炭（对照）、铵态氮 + 生物炭、硝态氮 + 生物炭，对辣椒产量、品质、Cd吸收转运和累积的影响。结果表明：硝态氮 + 生物炭处理果实产量与维生素C含量均显著高于其他两处理，辣椒果实鲜质量比酰胺态氮 + 生物炭（对照）和铵态氮 + 生物炭处理分别提高了36.07%和130.15%，维生素C含量分别提高8.39%和11.51%。硝态氮 + 生物炭处理辣椒果实Cd含量显著低于其他两处理，且低于中国食品安全限值（0.05 mg · kg^-1）。硝态氮 + 生物炭处理Cd从根向茎、叶的转运系数均显著高于铵态氮 + 生物炭处理。硝态氮 + 生物炭处理较其他两处理均显著提高了不可利用部位（根、茎、叶）Cd累积量。综上，硝态氮与生物炭配施能够实现辣椒产量与维生素C增加，果实Cd安全生产，推荐生物炭与硝态氮作为制备碳基功能型复混肥的原材料。

关键词: 辣椒, 镉, 生物炭, 氮肥, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

In order to develop carbon-based compound fertilizer suitable for the safe production of pepper cultivated cadmium-contaminated farmland，a pot experiment was conducted to study effects of simultaneous biochar and different nitrogen fertilizer application on the yield，quality，Cd uptake and Cd accumulation of pepper. The experiment was designed to have three treatments，biochar + amide nitrogen（control），biochar + ammonium nitrogen and biochar + nitrate nitrogen. Results showed that the fruit yield and vitamin C content of biochar + nitrate nitrogen treatment were significantly higher than those of the other two treatments. The fresh weight of pepper fruit treated with biochar + nitrate nitrogen treatment was 36.07% and 130.15% higher than that of biochar + amide nitrogen（control）and biochar + ammonium nitrogen，respectively. The vitamin C content of biochar + nitrate nitrogen treatment was 8.39% and 11.51% higher than that in biochar + amide nitrogen（control）and biochar + ammonium nitrogen treatments，respectively. The Cd content of fruits with biochar + nitrate nitrogen treatment was significantly lower than that of the other two treatments，and lower than the Chinese food safety limit（0.05 mg · kg^-1）. The translocation factor of Cd from root to stem and leaf with biochar + nitrate nitrogen treatment were significantly higher than that with biochar + ammonium nitrogen treatment. Compared with the other treatments，biochar + nitrate nitrogen treatment significantly increased the accumulation of Cd in unusable parts（root，stem and leaf）. In summary，the combination application of biochar and nitrate nitrogen can increase the yield and vitamin C content in pepper fruits，and realize the safe production of pepper cultivated cadmium-contaminated farmland. It is recommended that biochar and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer be used as raw materials for the preparation of carbon-based functional compound fertilizer.

Key words: pepper, Cd, biochar, nitrogen fertilizer, yield, quality

中图分类号:

S641.3

柴冠群, 张秀锦, 张容慧, 王丽, 刘桂华, 罗沐欣键, 范成五. 生物炭与不同形态氮肥配施对辣椒产量、品质及镉吸收的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(3): 549-558.

CHAI Guanqun, ZHANG Xiujin, ZHANG Ronghui, WANG Li, LIU Guihua, LUO Muxinjian, FAN Chengwu. Effects of Simultaneous Biochar and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on the Yield，Quality and Cd Uptake of Pepper[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(3): 549-558.

图/表 5

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处理 Treatment	果实鲜质量 The weight of fresh fruit	干质量Dry weight
处理 Treatment	果实鲜质量 The weight of fresh fruit	果实Fruit	叶Leaf	茎Stem	根Root
酰胺态氮 + 生物炭（对照） CH₄N₂O + Biochar（control）	215.41 ± 5.39 b	24.11 ± 4.14 b	9.13 ± 0.42 a	17.03 ± 1.54 a	5.67 ± 0.42 b
铵态氮 + 生物炭（NH₄）₂SO₄+ Biochar	127.36 ± 5.66 c	12.07 ± 1.92 c	5.10 ± 0.53 c	12.07 ± 1.43 b	4.63 ± 0.43 c
硝态氮 + 生物炭 KNO₃ + Biochar	293.12 ± 7.21 a	31.34 ± 3.42 a	7.47 ± 0.75 b	17.97 ± 1.71 a	6.77 ± 0.50 a

处理 Treatment	果实鲜质量 The weight of fresh fruit	干质量Dry weight
处理 Treatment	果实鲜质量 The weight of fresh fruit	果实Fruit	叶Leaf	茎Stem	根Root
酰胺态氮 + 生物炭（对照） CH₄N₂O + Biochar（control）	215.41 ± 5.39 b	24.11 ± 4.14 b	9.13 ± 0.42 a	17.03 ± 1.54 a	5.67 ± 0.42 b
铵态氮 + 生物炭（NH₄）₂SO₄+ Biochar	127.36 ± 5.66 c	12.07 ± 1.92 c	5.10 ± 0.53 c	12.07 ± 1.43 b	4.63 ± 0.43 c
硝态氮 + 生物炭 KNO₃ + Biochar	293.12 ± 7.21 a	31.34 ± 3.42 a	7.47 ± 0.75 b	17.97 ± 1.71 a	6.77 ± 0.50 a

处理 Treatment	可溶性蛋白质/（mg · kg^-1） Soluble protein	还原糖/（g · kg^-1） Reducing sugar	维生素C/（mg · kg^-1） Vitamin C	辣椒素/ （g · kg^-1） Capsaicin
酰胺态氮 + 生物炭（对照） CH₄N₂O + Biochar（control）	0.92 ± 0.16 ab	34.72 ± 1.67 a	4.29 ± 0.11 b	2.46 ± 0.15 a
铵态氮 + 生物炭（NH₄）₂SO₄ + Biochar	0.74 ± 0.11 b	33.65 ± 2.38 a	4.17 ± 0.17 b	1.74 ± 0.48 b
硝态氮 + 生物炭 KNO₃ + Biochar	1.10 ± 0.12 a	35.08 ± 2.02 a	4.65 ± 0.23 a	2.85 ± 0.51 a

处理 Treatment	可溶性蛋白质/（mg · kg^-1） Soluble protein	还原糖/（g · kg^-1） Reducing sugar	维生素C/（mg · kg^-1） Vitamin C	辣椒素/ （g · kg^-1） Capsaicin
酰胺态氮 + 生物炭（对照） CH₄N₂O + Biochar（control）	0.92 ± 0.16 ab	34.72 ± 1.67 a	4.29 ± 0.11 b	2.46 ± 0.15 a
铵态氮 + 生物炭（NH₄）₂SO₄ + Biochar	0.74 ± 0.11 b	33.65 ± 2.38 a	4.17 ± 0.17 b	1.74 ± 0.48 b
硝态氮 + 生物炭 KNO₃ + Biochar	1.10 ± 0.12 a	35.08 ± 2.02 a	4.65 ± 0.23 a	2.85 ± 0.51 a

处理Treatment	果实中Cd含量（鲜质量） Cd content in fruit （Fresh weight）	Cd含量（干质量） Cd content（Dry weight）
处理Treatment	果实中Cd含量（鲜质量） Cd content in fruit （Fresh weight）	叶Leaf	茎Stem	根Root
酰胺态氮 + 生物炭（对照） CH₄N₂O + Biochar（control）	0.057 ± 0.005 a	1.16 ± 0.07 ab	0.51 ± 0.09 c	2.98 ± 0.18 b
铵态氮 + 生物炭（NH₄）₂SO₄ + Biochar	0.047 ± 0.004 b	1.01 ± 0.05 b	0.63 ± 0.02 b	4.04 ± 0.24 a
硝态氮 + 生物炭KNO₃ + Biochar	0.043 ± 0.004 c	1.46 ± 0.25 a	0.70 ± 0.03 a	2.52 ± 0.19 c