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https://www.ahs.ac.cn/images/0513-353X/images/top-banner12.jpg|#|菊花

园艺学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (11): 2073-2085.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0062

• 研究论文 •    下一篇

苹果两种树形叶片对光强和CO2浓度互作的光合响应及光抑制特性

林 琭1,李志强1,蔚 露1,王红宁2,牛自勉1,*   

  1. 1山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心,太原 030031;2山西省农业科学院果树研究所,太原 030000
  • 出版日期:2020-11-25 发布日期:2020-12-07
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201118);山西省农业科学院农业科技创新研究课题有机旱作农业研发专项项目(YCX2020402);山西省农业科学院农业科技创新研究课题山西运城水果出口平台专项项目(YCX2020302);山西省农业科学院优势课题(YCX2018DZYS04)

Photosynthetic Responses to Interaction of Light Intensity and CO2 Concentration and Photoinhibition Characteristics of Two Apple Canopy Shapes

LIN Lu1,LI Zhiqiang1,YU Lu1,WANG Hongning2,and NIU Zimian1,*   

  1. 1Research Center of Modern Agriculture,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taiyuan 030031,China;2Institute of Pomology,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taiyuan 030000,China
  • Online:2020-11-25 Published:2020-12-07

摘要: 以山西省临猗县32年生的‘长富2号’苹果树为试材,以传统郁闭的圆头大冠形为对照,改造后的开心形为处理,测定叶片光合作用在不同叶片表面CO2浓度(Cs)下的光响应和在不同光合有效辐射(PAR)下的CO2响应以及光抑制前后的净光合速率Pn、光呼吸速率Pr和热耗散NPQ变化。结果表明:与自然大气状态下Cs相比,Cs升高到2 000 μmol • mol-1时,开心形和圆头大冠形的叶片最大净光合速率Pnmax分别提高151%和83.5%,光能利用范围分别提高45.8%和87.5%;Rubisco限制的最大羧化速率、最大电子传递速率和磷酸丙糖利用速率均随PAR增加而增大,且在1 500 μmol • m-2 • s-1的PAR下达到最大值。光抑制发生前(8:00—10:00)开心形的叶片Pn和Pr显著高于圆头大冠形,但NPQ无显著差异;光抑制期间(12:00—14:00)两种树形的叶片Pn均显著降低,Pr和NPQ中可恢复组分r(qE)均显著增强且开心形显著高于圆头大冠形;光抑制解除后(16:00—18:00)开心形叶片Pnmax上升42.6%而圆头大冠形无显著变化。综上,CO2浓度升高和PAR增加(饱和光强以下)对叶片光合有正互作效应;开心形树形叶片光合能力显著提高,光抑制时可通过更高效的光呼吸和热耗散自我保护,光抑制过后Pn明显恢复。

关键词: 苹果, 树形, 光合作用, 光合有效辐射, CO2浓度, 互作, 光抑制

Abstract: To explore the photosynthetic responses to interaction of light intensity and CO2 concentration and photoinhibition characteristics of different apple canopy shapes is important for guiding to reform the canopy-densed fruit trees in orchards. In the present study,32-year-old apples(Malus × domestica‘Nagafu 2’)of the traditional and dense Round and large canopy(control)and the reformed Open-central canopy based on Round and large canopy were compared carefully by measuring and analyzing the responses of leaf net photosynthetic rate(Pn)to photosynthetically active radiation(PAR)at different leaf surface CO2 concentration(Cs)and leaf Pn to intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci)under different PAR,and the changes of leaf Pn,leaf rate of photorespiration(Pr),reversible component r(qE) and irreversible component r(qI) in nonphotochemical quenching(NPQ)before(8:00–10:00),during(12:00–14:00)and after(16:00–18:00)photoinhibition. The results showed that leaf maximum Pn(Pnmax)increased by 151%(Open-central canopy)and 83.5%(Round and large canopy),and range of light intensity of photosynthesis(light saturation point minus light compensation point)increased by 45.8%(Open-central canopy)and 87.5%(Round and large canopy)of higher Cs(2 000 μmol • mol-1)than common Cs(400 μmol • mol-1). Maximum carboxylation rate under Rubisco restriction(Vcmax),maximum electron transfer rate under saturated light(Jmax)and utilization rate of triose phosphate(Vtpu)increased with increasing PAR and reached the peak level at PAR of 1 500 μmol • m-2 • s-1,and then decreased slightly due to photoinhibition. Among the three limiting factors,Jmax was the most sensitive one to the changing PAR and the difference in Vtpu was the most significant between Open-central canopy and Round and large canopy. Leaf Pn and Pr of Open-central canopy were significantly higher than that of Round and large canopy,while NPQ of the two canopy shapes was not significant different in 8:00–10:00(before photoinhibition). Leaf Pn was decreased remarkably,while leaf Pr and r(qE) were enhanced greatly with significantly higher Open-central canopy than Round and large canopy in 12:00–14:00(during photoinhibition). In 16:00–18:00(after photoinhibition),leaf Pn of Open-central canopy recovered obviously(Pnmax increased by 42.6%)while Round and large canopy did not change significantly. Excitation energy dissipation transferred from photorespiration to thermal dissipation and leaf Pr decreased in Open-central canopy. However,in Round and large canopy,photorespiration was still the mainly way of energy dissipation and leaf Pr increased. In summarize,there was a clear positive interaction to leaf photosynthesis between the increased Cs and enhanced PAR(not beyond saturation point). Comparing to Round and large canopy,Open-central canopy had significantly improved leaf photosynthetic capacity,more effective photoprotective mechanism by enhancing photorespiration and thermal dissipation during photoinhibition,and obviously recovered leaf net photosynthetic rate after photoinhibition.

Key words: apple, canopy shape, photosynthesis, photosynthetically active radiation, carbon dioxide concentration, interaction, photoinhibition

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