Abstract: Genetic diversity and genetic structure of five wild Chinese cherry（Prunus pseudocerasus
Lindl.）populations from Sichuan were investigated using ten SSR markers selected from 31 markers. A
total of 78 alleles were successfully amplified，and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 10，
with an average of 7.8. The relatively high levels gene diversity（H：0.6112–0.6689）and Shannon’s
diversity（I：1.1984–1.3786）revealed relatively rich genetic diversity in the five wild Chinese cherry
populations. The AMOVA analysis revealed low genetic differentiation among populations，with only
7.47% of total variability partitioned among populations（P < 0.001）. This consisted with genetic distance
（GD < 0.2416)，genetic identity（GI > 0.7854），genetic differentiation（Fst = 0.0844）and strong gene
flow（Nm = 2.7125）. Five populations showed inbreeding and deviated from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
at most loci. Based on these results，the possible formation of the high level genetic diversity and the low
genetic differentiation were discussed ， and further strategies and suggestions for utilization and
conservation of these resources were also proposed.

Key words: wild Chinese cherry, Prunus pseudocerasus, SSR, genetic diversity, genetic structure