Citrus is usually considered as a typical non-climacteric fruit，with abscisic acid being primarily associated with citrus fruit maturity. However，other hormones，such as ethylene，gibberellin，auxin，also contribute significantly to the maturity and color transition of citrus. In production，a variety of natural hormones and synthetic plant growth regulators are commonly utilized to extend the marketing period of citrus fruits and improve postharvest preservation. This paper provides a comprehensive review of current research advances concerning the role of plant hormones on the maturation of citrus fruits. It delves into the complex relationships between these hormones and investigates the regulatory mechanisms controlled by related transcription factors. The primary aim is to provide reference for further research.

In this study，Camellia sinensis phytoene desaturase gene（CsPDS）and tea caffeine synthase gene（TCS1）as indicator genes and Nicotiana benthamiana as a vector were employed to enrich tobacco rattle virus. The effects of the concentration of infiltration solution，incubation temperature，different vectors and incubation time on the enriched viruses were investigated，with N. benthamiana used as the vector to enrich the viruses. The effects of different inoculation methods and cultivars on the construction of a virus-induced gene silencing（VIGS）system were also investigated in tea plant. The results demonstrated that inoculation of tobacco with acetosyringone（AS）at a concentration of 200 μmol · L^-1 bacteriophage with an optical density（OD₆₀₀）of 1.0 was conducive to virus enrichment in tobacco when incubated at 23 ℃. The leaves of‘Shuchazao’were used to construct the VIGS system of tea plant by injection inoculation, and the system was successfully used to explore the possibility of foreign gene expression with GFP as the indicator gene.

In this study，high temperature experiment was conducted and phylogenetic index were analyzed using Rosa chinensis‘Angela’‘Renyue’and‘Xianjing’as test materials. The results showed that‘Angela’exhibited the highest heat resistance among the three varieties. Comparative transcriptome analysis，co-expression network analysis，protein-protein interaction network analysis and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the improvement of heat tolerance in‘Angela’is associated with the overexpression of heat shock transcription factors（HSFs）and heat shock proteins（HSPs）. Notably，the expression level of HSP gene RcHSP18.1 significantly increased with prolonged heat stress duration. Furthermore，by silencing the homologous gene NtHSP18.1 in tobacco，the heat resistance of tobacco was significantly reduced，confirming the essential role of HSP18.1 in heat stress tolerance. Overexpressing of RcHSP18.1 through gene bombardment and silencing RcHSP18.1 gene by virus induced gene silencing technique have both confirmed the significant role the gene RcHSP18.1 in enhancing heat stress resistance in‘Angela’.

In this study，ninety-six tree peony cultivars planted in Northwest A & F University were selected as the research objects. Phenotypic diversity analysis，correlation analysis，cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to analyze the phenotypic diversity analysis and ornamental comprehensive evaluation of tree peony growth，new branch length and flowering time. The results showed that the diversity index of 15 phenotypic traits ranged from 0.56 to 2.03，and the coefficient of variation ranged from 11.84% to 53.82%. The phenotypic diversity of flower diameter was the highest，and the coefficient of variation of flower number per plant was the highest. Plant height，growth，flower diameter，new branch thickness and population flowering time were significantly correlated with other traits；Ninety-six tree peony varieties were divided into three groups by cluster analysis，and different groups corresponded to different types of garden applications. Principal component analysis simplified phenotypic trait factors into five principal components，with a cumulative contribution rate of 64.69%. New branch thickness，plant height，population flowering time and number of flowers per plant were the main factors of phenotypic variation of tree peony. The ninety-six tree peony varieties were sorted by comprehensive scores，and the top 10 cultivars had scores ranging from 0.66 to 1.18，and the cultivars with excellent comprehensive traits such as‘Yubanbai’‘Shima Nishiki’‘High Noon’‘Okan’and‘Duohua Luohan’were selected according to the comprehensive scores.

This study utilized a hybrid offspring population as its experimental material. The survival of young fruits was investigated based on conspicuous differences in fruit size between frozen-injured and surviving young fruits during the fruit enlargement period. The number of survived young fruits per plant（variable X），the average number of survived young fruits per fruit cluster（variable Y），and the percentage of survived fruit clusters（variable Z）were custom-defined and transformed into three data samples. The kurtosis，skewness，and probability density distribution functions of each sample indicated that variable Z exhibited a closer approximation to a normal distribution compared with X or Y. Following Box-Cox transformation，variables Y and Z successfully passed the Shapiro-Wilk test，confirming their adherence to a normal distribution. The optimal values for parameters used in the definitions of Y and Z were determined by introducing the variable S，which assessed the degree to which the data conformed to a normal distribution and maintained a relatively large sample size. The findings revealed that setting parameter a（the expected yield）to 4 and parameter b（the number of fruit clusters）to 12 yielded data samples of the average number of survived fruit clusters（Y）and the percentage of survived fruit clusters（Z）that most closely aligned with a normal distribution while maximizing the sample size. At this juncture，the Box-Cox transformation of the（Y）variable was deemed inconsequential，whereas the transformation of the（Z）variable coincidentally corresponded to a logarithmic transformation. The results of this study suggest that the percentage of survived fruit clusters（Z）can effectively reflect both freezing tolerance and yield，with data acquisition being simple and efficient，thus rendering it suitable for large-scale freezing tolerance evaluation in loquat hybrid offspring.

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus（ToBRFV）belongs to the genus of Tobamovirus and the family of Virgaviridae，which is an RNA virus. It can infect plants from various families and genera，including tomato，posing a serious threat to agricultural production. It was first discovered in Israel in 2014 and subsequently spread to many countries and regions around the world. In April 2021，the virus was as a quarantine virus in China. In this article，the genome structure，host range，symptoms，mode of transmission，detection methods，host resistance and defense measures of the virus were summarized，in order to provide reference for the fight against ToBRFV.

Using the novel visual reporter system RUBY as a screening marker，combined with the regeneration-promoting peptide CaREF1，a pepper genetic transformation system were constructed and identified three efficient recipient materials for gene delivery. The transient expression efficiency of RUBY was significantly higher in the pepper genotypes‘L27’（line pepper），‘Zunla-1’（chili pepper），and‘1-51’（bead pepper）compared to other materials. Agrobacterium rhizogenes K599，carrying the pKSE401-RUBY vector，was used for transformation. After 60 days of culturing on the adventitious bud regeneration medium（MS + 5 mg · L^-1 6-BA + 1.2 mg · L^-1 IAA + 10 nmol · L^-1 CaREF1）and shoot proliferation medium[MS + （5-10） mg · L^-1 6-BA + 0.5 mg · L^-1 IAA + 3 mg · L^-1 GA₃ + 10 nmol · L^-1 CaREF1]，the average regeneration efficiency of cotyledon explants was 84% ± 7%，with 5.52 regenerated shoots per explant and a positive transformation rate about 5‰. This system enabled the first Agrobacterium-mediated visual genetic transformation in pepper and facilitated CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in multiple pepper germplasms，with editing efficiency 100% in T₀ generation plants.

This paper systematically summarizes and presents the significant achievements and research advancements in Chinese cabbage breeding over the past 70 years. It focuses on four major phases of Chinese cabbage breeding in China，the innovation and utilization of Chinese cabbage germplasm resources，innovations and breakthroughs in breeding technologies，and the innovation and promotion of Chinese cabbage varieties. Additionally，the paper analyzes several existing challenges in the development of Chinese cabbage breeding and the seed industry in China. These challenges include the lack of large-scale application of efficient biobreeding technologies，insufficient systematic and in-depth exploration and evaluation of superior germplasm resources，severe homogeneity of varieties，substantial gaps between certain cropping types and foreign varieties，the need for further enhancement of research and development capabilities in seed enterprises，the preliminary formation of vegetable seed production base layout，steady improvement in seed quality，and the necessity for further enhancements in seed processing and treatment technologies. The paper proposes future directions for the Chinese cabbage seed industry，focusing on efficient breeding technologies，breeding objectives，seed production，and the improvement of seed quality.

In this study，by using Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’as a model，the phenological phases of flower development were documented，the process of flower development and nectar secretion was tracked，and the quantity and sugar content of the nectar were assessed under the facility cultivation. The results showed that compared to the open field cultivation，facility cultivation significantly advanced the sprouting stage of jujube floral bud，extended the duration of individual flower blooming and peak flowering periods，and increased both the quantity and sugar content of nectar. Overall，under the facility cultivation，‘Dongzao’exhibited superior in phenological phases，flower development，as well as nectar composition and quantity，compared to those under the traditional open field cultivation.

To reveal the composition，structure，and evolutionary process of the Expansin family genes in Luffa cylindrica，as well as their role in fruit enlargement. This study identified 50 Expansin genes from the genome of sponge gourd by bioinformatics technology，which belong to 4 subfamilies[EXPA（18），EXPB（3），EXLA（27）and EXLB（2）]. Among them，the EXLA subfamily underwent 4 pairs of gene tandem duplication and 6 pairs of gene fragment duplication，resulting in a significant increase in the gene quantity in this subfamily. The phylogenetic tree showed that members of the four subfamilies gather in groups and were closely related to cucumbers. Gene structure and motif analysis showed that the exon intron structure and motif types and distributions of the four subfamilies tended to be conserved in evolution，which can serve as important basis for subfamily typing. Promoter element prediction analysis revealed that the Expansin gene promoter contained a large number of light inducible，anaerobic inducible，methyl jasmonate，and abscisic acid elements，with the highest number of light inducible elements predicted only in the EXLA/EXLB subfamily. Based on RNA-seq data，8 Expansin genes were screened，which were significantly positively correlated with fruit transverse and longitudinal diameter development. Among them，four genes LcEXPA8，LcEXPA18，LcEXPA14，and LcEXPA1 have been reported as potential candidate genes for controlling the fruit shape of sponge gourd. RT-qPCR analysis was performed on the other four genes，and LcEXPA15 was significantly overexpressed at 4 DAA（days after anthesis），LcEXPA3，LcEXPA16 and LcEXPA7 were significantly overexpressed at 8-15 DAA. It was known that 2-15 DAA was the fruit enlargement stage in sponge gourd，during which the number of fruit cells increased and single cells significantly expanded and elongated. So it was concluded that the 4 Expansin genes may play an important role in catalyzing cell growth and promoting fruit enlargement. By constructing 8 Expansin genes interaction network，it was suggested that some Expansin genes may interact with ERF，bHLH，TCP，and GATA four transcription factor families. The above 8 Expansin genes could be selected as candidate genes related with fruit enlargement in sponge gourd for further study.

CRISPR/Cas9 is the immune defense system in bacteria and archaea. In 1987，a special repeat interval sequence was firstly discovered in Escherichia coli. Later，this repeat interval sequence was also found in more than 20 bacteria and archaea. In 2002，this special sequence was officially named as CRISPR. Subsequently，a series of studies using CRISPR/Cas9 technology for gene editing were carried out. CRISPR/Cas9 technology is the third generation gene editing technology，following ZFNs（zinc finger nucleases）technology and TALENs（transfer activator like effector nucleases）technology. This system has the advantages of simple operation design，high mutation efficiency，low cost，and has been successively applied in many horticultural plants such as citrus，grape，banana，strawberry，cucumber，and potato. This article reviews the principles and research progress of CRISPR/Cas9 technology，discusses the developmental history of various editors，including single base editor，double base editor，and guided editor，introduces the application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in horticultural plants，and finally proposes the remaining problems and future prospects of CRISPR/Cas9 technology.

In order to explore the function of SlWRKY46 in response to low temperature stress，the CDS sequence of SlWRKY46 cloned from tomato‘Micro-Tom’leaves was analyzed. The result showed that SlWRKY46 belonged to Ⅱa group of WRKY family and encoded 253 amino acids. SlWRKY46 was localized in the nucleus by subcellular localization analysis. SlWRKY46 had no transcriptional activation activity in yeast. SlWRKY46 could form homologous dimers by yeast two-hybrid yeast（Y2H）. The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR（qRT-PCR）showed that the expressions of SlWRKY46 were significantly induced by low temperature and abscisic acid（ABA）. The GUS staining of SlWRKY46 promoter transgenic tomato also cloud be induced by low temperature and ABA. The overexpressed SlWRKY46 tomato lines had higher cold tolerance compared with wild-type. The overexpressed SlWRKY46 tomato lines exhibited lower reactive oxygen species accumulation and malondialdehyde levels，and higher antioxidant enzyme activities and proline accumulation compared with wild-type under low temperature treatment. The expression levels of genes related to antioxidant enzyme and ABA showed significant differences between overexpressed SlWRKY46 tomato lines and wild-type under low temperature treatment. Taken together，these results indicated that SlWRKY46 positively regulated the cold tolerance of tomato by antioxidant enzyme and ABA pathways.

Virus-induced gene silencing（VIGS），a reverse genetic technique based on plant antiviral mechanism，has been widely used in the study of plant growth and development，signal transduction，metabolic pathways and stress resistance due to its advantages of independent of plant genetic transformation system，time-saving，easy and efficient operation，and high-throughput. In this paper，the mechanism，application and problems of VIGS were reviewed，and the vector construction strategies and influencing factors were discussed emphatically，aiming to provide reference for the further development and application of VIGS technology.

In order to reveal the role of Myo-inositol（MI）in apple plants responding to high-temperature stress，apple plants were first exogenously supplied with MI and treated with high temperature stress. The results showed that high-temperature stress significantly caused leaf yellow and wilting，increased the contents of reactive oxygen species（ROS），malondialdehyde（MDA），and relative electrolyte leakage（REL），decreased the contents of the chlorophyll in apple plants. However，100 µmol · L^-1 exogenous MI treatment significantly alleviated the damage caused by high temperature. In addition，MdMIPS1 encoding the key rate-limiting enzyme in the MI biosynthesis，expressed highly under high-temperature stress in apple plants. The transgenic lines overexpressed MdMIPS1（OE，high MI content）were obtained in our previous study. They had higher endogenous content of MI，compared with wild type（WT）plants. And these OE lines were also used in this work and treated with high temperature stress. Compared with WT plants under high temperature stress，the OE lines exhibited slighter chlorisis and wilting in leaves. The contents of REL were lower and the contents of the chlorophyll were higher in OE plants than in WT. In addition，the stomatal aperture were larger in OE leaves，and the photosynthetic efficiency were stronger in OE plants than in WT. Meanwhile，the OE plants possessed less ROS accumulation and higher antioxidant enzyme activity than WT. The expression levels of several genes encoding the heat shock protein were also higher in OE plants than in WT under high temperature stress. In sum，all these results indicated that increasing the MI levels can significantly enhance tolerance to high temperature stress in apple plants.

In this study，early maturing cultivars‘Zaodabai’‘Zhongshu5’‘Eshu3’，middle late maturing cultivar ‘Atlantic’and late maturing cultivar‘Qingshu 9’were used to analyze the relationship between potato apical meristem development and tuberization time，Zaodabai and Qingshu 9 were also taken to study the function of differentially expressed genes as well as the possible regulatory pathways involved by RNA-Seq. Results showed that the apical meristem turned to reproductive growth earlier in early maturing cultivars than late maturing cultivars. A total of 2 842 differentially expressed genes were identified in transcriptome sequencing，85% of which related to hormones were concentrated in hormone signal transduction pathways and showed rich expression differences，especially in IAA，ABA，JA and other pathways. Besides，a total of 127 differentially expressed transcription factor genes were identified，distributed in 35 transcription factor families. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly concentrated in photosynthesis，hormone response，plant circadian rhythm，starch and sucrose metabolism，and plant hormone signal transduction. The 20 candidate genes that may affect the early and late tuberization of potato were selected for qRT-PCR verification. The genes involved in the circadian rhythm pathway，FT and HY5，were highly expressed in Zaodabai. Genes involved in the starch and sucrose metabolic pathway，BGLU17，CWIN2 and GH9B13 were highly expressed in Zaodabai. GH3，RD22，HB16 and CYP74A involved in plant hormone signal transduction or anabolism were highly expressed in Zaodabai，while IAA17，MES1 and RCA were highly expressed in Qingshu 9. In addition，GRP3 which highly expressed in Zaodabai may also affect tuberization time. These genes may play a role in potato by regulating photoperiodic response，hormone signal transduction，sucrose level，etc.，thus affecting potato tuberization time.

The flavor substances of tomato（Solanum lycopersicum）in tomatoes are mainly composed of soluble sugars（such as glucose and fructose），organic acids（citric acid and malic acid，etc.） and volatile substances（alcohols and esters，etc.）. Tomato also contains various functional components，such as ascorbic acid，lycopene，γ-aminobutyric acid，vitamin D and vitamin E. These components endow tomato fruit with important health functions. In this review，the composition，synthetic pathway and regulatory mechanism of flavor and functional components have been analyzed in tomato to create tomato germplasm that is rich in flavor substances and functional components through gene editing in the future. This lays the groundwork for cultivating functional tomato with good flavor.

Flat peach，with its unique flat fruit shape，provide an ideal material for analyzing the mechanism of fruit shape regulation. Previous studies have confirmed that PpOFP1 is a key regulator of flat fruit formation in peach；however，its molecular regulatory network remains unclear. Studies have shown that TRMs（TONNEAU1 Recruiting Motif proteins）interact with OFP family proteins though a conserved M8 domain，and this interaction plays a pivotal role in regulating tomato fruit shape. In this study，a total of 12 TRM family members were identified in peach，and phylogenetic analysis revealed their classification into four evolutionary clades. The analysis of protein conserved motifs revealed that 8 of these members contain the conserved M8 domain，which is essential for TRM-OFP interaction. In this

study，we also found that PpTRM5，PpTRM17，PpTRM18，and PpTRM26 were confirmed to interact with PpOFP1 through yeast two-hybrid assay，luciferase complementation assay，and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis，and this interaction occurs in the cytoplasm and cell membrane. Transcriptome analysis indicated that PpTRM17was highly expressed during the first rapid growth phase of both flat and round peach fruits，which was consistent with the high expression of PpOFP1 in flat peaches during this period，revealing that the two might jointly regulate the formation of flat fruit shape in flat peaches.

The plant-specific NAC（NAM，ATAF1/2，CUC2）transcription factors play important roles in regulating fruit quality. To explore the role of the NAC in the regulation of soluble sugars in peach （Prunus persica）fruit quality，a total of 117 potential peach NAC members（PpNAC）were identified with an uneven distribution across all eight chromosomes as well as a scaffold. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that these PpNAC were classified into 13 subgroups. The NAC gene PpNAC050 that is highly expressed during later fruit development were further characterized，and it was in nucleus with transcriptional activation. Transient overexpression of PpNAC050 in peach fruits significantly increased fructose content and glucose content in peach fruit flesh. EMSA and dual-luciferase assays showed that PpNAC050，being a transcriptional repressor，directly bound to the promoters of PpERDL6-1（PpERDL16），a vacuolar membrane monosaccharide transporter gene regulating fructose content，suggesting that PpNAC050 positively regulated fructose accumulation by repressing PpERDL6-1 gene expression.

In order to study the response of GH3.17 gene to salt stress in strawberry，the evolutionary relationship and physicochemical properties of FaGH3.17 were analysed using bioinformatics，and the gene was cloned and subsequently subcellularly localised in tobacco and heterologously overexpressed in Arabidopsis to verify its function in salt stress. The results showed that FaGH3.17 is an acidic and unstable hydrophobic，non-secretory protein，and the analysis of the evolutionary relationship of species revealed that FaGH3.17 is the closest relative to Potentilla anserina. Subcellular localisation in tobacco revealed that FaGH3.17 was mainly localised in the nucleus and cell membrane. Heterologously overexpression analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that under salt stress，the conductivity，MDA and H₂O₂ content were higher than those of wild-type plants，which were elevated by 15.43%，42.97%，and 18.86%，respectively，whereas the Pro content，POD，SOD，and CAT activities were significantly lower than those of the wild-type plants，which were reduced by 13.28%，15.42%，14.22%，19.87%，respectively. And the relative expression of salt-responsive genes were all significantly reduced. It was shown that heterologous overexpression of FaGH3.17 significantly reduced the antioxidant enzyme activities and osmoregulatory substance contents in Arabidopsis，which predicts that GH3.17 may attenuate the salt tolerance of plants.