Effects of Different Defoliants on Defoliation and Nutrient Reflux of ‘Dongzao’Jujube

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0824

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (9): 2120-2130.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0824

• Cultivation · Physiology & Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of Different Defoliants on Defoliation and Nutrient Reflux of ‘Dongzao’Jujube

LIU Xinyue¹^,², ZHAI Zhaoci¹^,², TAO Jialin¹^,², FENG Kun¹^,², CAI Xiaoteng¹, LIU Zhiguo¹^,²^,^*(), LIU Mengjun¹^,²^,^*()

¹ College of Horticulture，Hebei Agricultural University，Baoding，Hebei 071001，China
² Chinese Date Research Center，Hebei Agricultural University，Baoding，Hebei 071001，China

Received:2023-12-15 Revised:2024-06-30 Online:2024-09-25 Published:2024-09-19
Contact: LIU Zhiguo, LIU Mengjun

Abstract

Abstract:

The research systematically studied the effects of different types and concentrations of chemical defoliants on the defoliation and nutrient reflux of 5-year-old‘Dongzao’jujube in greenhouse via foliar spraying. The results showed that：（1）0.20% ethephon treatment had the best defoliation effect on jujube trees，with a high defoliation rate of 75.75% on 7 days after treatment；（2）The nitrogen，phosphorus，and potassium reflux caused by natural fallen leaves of jujube trees were 4.14，0.27，and 3.18 g · kg^-1，respectively；（3）Leaf nitrogen reflux occurred under all chemical defoliant treatments and 4% urea，8% urea，10% urea，0.5% zinc sulfate，and 1.0% zinc sulfate treatments significantly increased leaf nitrogen reflux. Leaves phosphorus reflux can be found under 4% urea，8% urea，10% urea，0.5% zinc sulfate，1.0% zinc sulfate，2.0% zinc sulfate，0.05% ethephon and 0.10% ethephon treatments. Potassium backflow can be detected in leaves treated with 4% urea，8% urea，10% urea，0.5% zinc sulfate，0.05% ethephon，and 0.20% ethephon. However，only 8% and 10% urea treatments significantly increased leaf nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium reflux. In conclusion，0.20% ethephon is the best treatment for rapid defoliation in production. The best treatment for the purpose of shedding leaves at a specific period without leaf nutrient waste is 8% or 10% urea，which significantly improves the backflow of nitrogen，phosphorus，and potassium.

Key words: jujube, facility cultivation, defoliant, mineral nutrition, nutrient reflux

LIU Xinyue, ZHAI Zhaoci, TAO Jialin, FENG Kun, CAI Xiaoteng, LIU Zhiguo, LIU Mengjun. Effects of Different Defoliants on Defoliation and Nutrient Reflux of ‘Dongzao’Jujube[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(9): 2120-2130.

Figures/Tables 6

References 31

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处理 Treatment	7 d	10 d	15 d	25 d
清水（对照1）Water（CK1）	4.25 ± 1.60 c	8.03 ± 1.06 c	39.11 ± 5.69 d	68.83 ± 3.60 de
自然落叶（对照2） Natural defoliation（CK2）	0.97 ± 0.42 c	4.54 ± 1.06 c	41.27 ± 2.60 cd	60.75 ± 5.09 e
4%尿素4% Urea	4.65 ± 1.32 c	7.64 ± 1.47 c	68.53 ± 3.19 bc	77.57 ± 4.38 cd
8%尿素8% Urea	10.28 ± 1.45 c	15.02 ± 1.97 c	72.44 ± 3.20 bc	82.89 ± 4.19 bc
10%尿素10% Urea	4.85 ± 1.70 c	11.63 ± 1.84 c	78.73 ± 2.93 b	88.09 ± 6.86 abc
0.5% ZnSO₄	6.67 ± 1.45 c	9.31 ± 0.98 c	73.99 ± 1.28 bc	82.51 ± 3.13 bc
1.0% ZnSO₄	12.72 ± 1.10 c	15.14 ± 1.01 c	78.41 ± 2.08 b	89.53 ± 3.29 abc
2.0% ZnSO₄	10.84 ± 1.06 c	16.04 ± 1.05 c	87.09 ± 2.63 ab	93.03 ± 4.39 ab
0.05%乙烯利 0.05% Ethephon	11.60 ± 1.69 c	17.87 ± 1.16 c	80.02 ± 1.89 ab	86.86 ± 4.75 abc
0.10%乙烯利 0.10% Ethephon	32.56 ± 2.24 b	42.32 ± 2.51 b	83.41 ± 1.25 ab	91.49 ± 3.63 ab
0.20%乙烯利 0.20% Ethephon	75.75 ± 3.68 a	84.76 ± 3.68 a	98.84 ± 0.35 a	100.00 ± 0.00 a

处理 Treatment	7 d	10 d	15 d	25 d
清水（对照1）Water（CK1）	4.25 ± 1.60 c	8.03 ± 1.06 c	39.11 ± 5.69 d	68.83 ± 3.60 de
自然落叶（对照2） Natural defoliation（CK2）	0.97 ± 0.42 c	4.54 ± 1.06 c	41.27 ± 2.60 cd	60.75 ± 5.09 e
4%尿素4% Urea	4.65 ± 1.32 c	7.64 ± 1.47 c	68.53 ± 3.19 bc	77.57 ± 4.38 cd
8%尿素8% Urea	10.28 ± 1.45 c	15.02 ± 1.97 c	72.44 ± 3.20 bc	82.89 ± 4.19 bc
10%尿素10% Urea	4.85 ± 1.70 c	11.63 ± 1.84 c	78.73 ± 2.93 b	88.09 ± 6.86 abc
0.5% ZnSO₄	6.67 ± 1.45 c	9.31 ± 0.98 c	73.99 ± 1.28 bc	82.51 ± 3.13 bc
1.0% ZnSO₄	12.72 ± 1.10 c	15.14 ± 1.01 c	78.41 ± 2.08 b	89.53 ± 3.29 abc
2.0% ZnSO₄	10.84 ± 1.06 c	16.04 ± 1.05 c	87.09 ± 2.63 ab	93.03 ± 4.39 ab
0.05%乙烯利 0.05% Ethephon	11.60 ± 1.69 c	17.87 ± 1.16 c	80.02 ± 1.89 ab	86.86 ± 4.75 abc
0.10%乙烯利 0.10% Ethephon	32.56 ± 2.24 b	42.32 ± 2.51 b	83.41 ± 1.25 ab	91.49 ± 3.63 ab
0.20%乙烯利 0.20% Ethephon	75.75 ± 3.68 a	84.76 ± 3.68 a	98.84 ± 0.35 a	100.00 ± 0.00 a

处理 Treatment	生活叶氮含量/（g · kg^-1） Living leaf nitrogen content	落叶氮含量/（g · kg^-1） Leaf litter nitrogen content	氮养分回流量/（g · kg^-1） Nitrogen nutrient return rate
清水（对照1）Water（CK1）	24.52 ± 0.40 e	20.87 ± 0.30 b	3.65 ± 0.10 ef
自然落叶（对照2）	23.53 ± 0.35 f	19.39 ± 0.53 de	4.14 ± 0.18 e
Natural defoliation（CK2）
4%尿素 4% Urea	26.60 ± 0.35 cd	19.16 ± 0.22 e	7.44 ± 0.13 cd
8%尿素 8% Urea	29.78 ± 0.18 b	20.02 ± 0.10 cd	9.76 ± 0.08 b
10%尿素10% Urea	33.04 ± 1.01 a	20.33 ± 0.17 bc	12.71 ± 0.84 a
0.5% ZnSO₄	27.21 ± 0.33 c	20.32 ± 0.06 bc	6.89 ± 0.27 d
1.0% ZnSO₄	30.40 ± 0.17 b	22.50 ± 0.08 a	7.90 ± 0.09 c
2.0% ZnSO₄	25.84 ± 0.31 d	22.41 ± 0.46 a	3.43 ± 0.15 f
0.05%乙烯利 0.05% Ethephon	23.66 ± 0.30 ef	22.27 ± 0.15 a	1.39 ± 0.15 g
0.10%乙烯利 0.10% Ethephon	23.45 ± 0.50 f	19.76 ± 0.22 cde	3.69 ± 0.28 ef
0.20%乙烯利 0.20% Ethephon	23.45 ± 0.50 f	19.52 ± 0.56 de	3.93 ± 0.06 ef

处理 Treatment	生活叶氮含量/（g · kg^-1） Living leaf nitrogen content	落叶氮含量/（g · kg^-1） Leaf litter nitrogen content	氮养分回流量/（g · kg^-1） Nitrogen nutrient return rate
清水（对照1）Water（CK1）	24.52 ± 0.40 e	20.87 ± 0.30 b	3.65 ± 0.10 ef
自然落叶（对照2）	23.53 ± 0.35 f	19.39 ± 0.53 de	4.14 ± 0.18 e
Natural defoliation（CK2）
4%尿素 4% Urea	26.60 ± 0.35 cd	19.16 ± 0.22 e	7.44 ± 0.13 cd
8%尿素 8% Urea	29.78 ± 0.18 b	20.02 ± 0.10 cd	9.76 ± 0.08 b
10%尿素10% Urea	33.04 ± 1.01 a	20.33 ± 0.17 bc	12.71 ± 0.84 a
0.5% ZnSO₄	27.21 ± 0.33 c	20.32 ± 0.06 bc	6.89 ± 0.27 d
1.0% ZnSO₄	30.40 ± 0.17 b	22.50 ± 0.08 a	7.90 ± 0.09 c
2.0% ZnSO₄	25.84 ± 0.31 d	22.41 ± 0.46 a	3.43 ± 0.15 f
0.05%乙烯利 0.05% Ethephon	23.66 ± 0.30 ef	22.27 ± 0.15 a	1.39 ± 0.15 g
0.10%乙烯利 0.10% Ethephon	23.45 ± 0.50 f	19.76 ± 0.22 cde	3.69 ± 0.28 ef
0.20%乙烯利 0.20% Ethephon	23.45 ± 0.50 f	19.52 ± 0.56 de	3.93 ± 0.06 ef

处理 Treatment	生活叶磷含量/（g · kg^-1） Living leaf phosphorus content	落叶磷含量/（g · kg^-1） Leaf litter phosphorus content	磷养分回流量/（g · kg^-1） Phosphorus nutrient return rate
清水（对照1）Water（CK1）	5.14 ± 0.15 b	3.38 ± 0.14 d	1.76 ± 0.01 b
自然落叶（对照2） Natural defoliation（CK2）	4.09 ± 0.09 fg	3.82 ± 0.07 c	0.27 ± 0.02 g
4%尿素 4% Urea	4.23 ± 0.14 ef	3.16 ± 0.01 e	1.07 ± 0.13 d
8%尿素 8% Urea	4.49 ± 0.06 d	2.18 ± 0.02 f	2.31 ± 0.04 a
10%尿素 10% Urea	4.35 ± 0.04 de	2.23 ± 0.01 f	2.19 ± 0.04 a
0.5% ZnSO₄	4.52 ± 0.05 d	3.16 ± 0.02 e	1.36 ± 0.03 c
1.0% ZnSO₄	4.89 ± 0.05 c	3.11 ± 0.04 e	1.78 ± 0.01 b
2.0% ZnSO₄	5.33 ± 0.05 a	4.60 ± 0.03 b	0.73 ± 0.02 e
0.05%乙烯利 0.05% Ethephon	4.94 ± 0.09 c	4.44 ± 0.31 b	0.50 ± 0.22 f
0.10%乙烯利 0.10% Ethephon	4.02 ± 0.14 g	3.91 ± 0.05 c	0.11 ± 0.09 g
0.20%乙烯利 0.20% Ethephon	4.81 ± 0.06 c	5.07 ± 0.14 a	-0.26 ± 0.08 h

Effects of Different Defoliants on Defoliation and Nutrient Reflux of ‘Dongzao’Jujube

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处理 Treatment	生活叶钾含量/（g · kg^-1） Living leaves potassium content	落叶钾含量/（g · kg^-1） Leaf litter potassium content	钾养分回流量/（g · kg^-1） Potassium nutrient return rate
清水（对照1）Water（CK1）	20.21 ± 0.38 bcd	16.80 ± 0.17 f	3.41 ± 0.12 c
自然落叶（对照2）	19.95 ± 0.34 cd	16.77 ± 0.18 f	3.18 ± 0.16 c
Natural defoliation（CK2）
4%尿素 4% Urea	19.78 ± 0.26 d	17.16 ± 0.34 f	2.62 ± 0.08 d
8%尿素 8% Urea	19.83 ± 0.37 d	16.14 ± 0.32 g	3.69 ± 0.05 ab
10%尿素 10% Urea	19.83 ± 0.37 d	15.86 ± 0.21 g	3.97 ± 0.16 a
0.5% ZnSO₄	19.83 ± 0.37 d	18.02 ± 0.12 de	1.81 ± 0.25 e
1.0% ZnSO₄	21.05 ± 0.36 ab	22.53 ± 0.25 c	-1.48 ± 0.11 f
2.0% ZnSO₄	21.59 ± 0.21 a	24.77 ± 0.35 a	-3.18 ± 0.14 h
0.05%乙烯利 0.05% Ethephon	20.99 ± 0.17 ab	17.74 ± 0.25 e	3.25 ± 0.08 c
0.10%乙烯利 0.10% Ethephon	20.59 ± 0.36 bc	23.37 ± 0.14 b	-2.78 ± 0.22 g
0.20%乙烯利 0.20% Ethephon	19.83 ± 0.37 d	18.34 ± 0.12 d	1.49 ± 0.25 e

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