Effects of Potassium Fulvic Acid on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fruit Quality of‘Cabernet Gernischt’Grape

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0036

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (12): 2843-2856.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0036

• Cultivation·Physiology & Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of Potassium Fulvic Acid on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fruit Quality of‘Cabernet Gernischt’Grape

YANG Jiangshan, CHEN Yajuan(), DAI Zibo, LI Dou, SHAO Zhang, JIN Xin, WANG Yuhang, WANG Chunheng

College of Horticulture，Gansu Agricultural University，Lanzhou 730070，China

Received:2024-08-14 Revised:2024-09-27 Online:2024-12-25 Published:2024-12-13
Contact: CHEN Yajuan

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effects of fulvic acid potassium（FA-K）on photosynthesis of grape leaves and fruit quality. In this experiment，the wine grape‘Cabernet Gernischt’was used as the test material，and different concentrations（30，60，90，120 mg · L^-1）of FA-K were sprayed on the leaves at flowering stage，fruit setting stage，expansion stage and color turning stage，and spraying water was used as the control. The photosynthetic pigment content，photosynthetic parameters，chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and fruit quality were measured under different treatments. The results showed that FA-K treatment significantly increased the content of chlorophyll a，chlorophyll b，total chlorophyll and carotene in leaves of‘Cabernet Gernischt’at different growth stages，enhanced P_n，T_r，G_s，F_v/F_m，Y(Ⅱ)，q_P，q_Nand ETR，and reduced C_i and Y(NPQ). The effect of 90 mg · L^-1FA-K treatment was the most significant. At the same time，FA-K also had a certain effect on improving fruit quality. In particular，90 mg · L^-1 treatment significantly promoted the accumulation of total soluble sugar，soluble solids，tannins，total phenols，flavonoids and anthocyanins in fruit，which increased by 25.96%，13.81%，27.73%，63.89%，9.48% and 78.57%，respectively，compared with the control，while the relative content of titratable acid was only 0.54%，which was 26.03% lower than that of the control. Principal component analysis results showed that the effects of different concentrations of FA-K on the photosynthetic and fruit quality of‘Cabernet Gernischt’grape leaves were as follows：90 mg · L^-1 treatment > 60 mg · L^-1 treatment > 120 mg · L^-1 treatment > 30 mg · L^-1 treatment > the control. In summary，FA-K treatment can significantly enhance the photosynthesis of grape leaves and improve fruit quality，and the effect of 90 mg · L^-1 is the most significant.

Key words: wine grape, potassium fulvic acid, photosynthetic characteristics, quality

YANG Jiangshan, CHEN Yajuan, DAI Zibo, LI Dou, SHAO Zhang, JIN Xin, WANG Yuhang, WANG Chunheng. Effects of Potassium Fulvic Acid on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fruit Quality of‘Cabernet Gernischt’Grape[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(12): 2843-2856.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1 Effects of fulvic acid potassium（FA-K）on photosynthetic pigment content in leaves of‘Cabernet Gernischet’grape at different growth stages Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments in the same period，P < 0.05. the same below.

Fig. 2 Effects of fulvic acid potassium（FA-K）on photosynthetic parameters of‘Cabernet Gernischet’grape leaves at different growth stages

Fig. 3 Effects of fulvic acid potassium（FA-K）on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of‘Cabernet Gernischet’grape leaves at different growth stages

Table 1 Effects of FA-K on the contents of soluble sugar，soluble solids and titratable acid in‘Cabernet Gernischet’grape fruit

FA-K/（mg · L^-1）	可溶性总糖/(mg · g^-1) Total soluble sugar	可溶性固形物/% Soluble solid	可滴定酸/% Titratable acid	固酸比 Solid-acid ratio
0（对照Control）	124.84 ± 4.18 c	20.70 ± 0.36 c	0.73 ± 0.02 a	28.26 ± 0.90 d
30	126.82 ± 6.20 c	21.21 ± 0.48 bc	0.69 ± 0.02 ab	30.56 ± 0.95 c
60	131.19 ± 10.21 b	22.64 ± 0.23 b	0.59 ± 0.01 bc	38.50 ± 1.00 b
90	157.25 ± 10.05 a	23.56 ± 0.25 a	0.54 ± 0.01 c	43.24 ± 0.84 a
120	128.31 ± 5.25 bc	21.38 ± 0.51 bc	0.68 ± 0.01 ab	31.31 ± 1.10 c

Table 2 Effects of FA-K on the contents of tannin，total phenols，flavonoids and anthocyanins in‘Cabernet Gernischet’grape fruit

FA-K/（mg · L^-1）	单宁/（mg · g^-1） Tannin content	总酚/（mg · g^-1） Total phenol content	总类黄酮/（mg · g^-1） Total flavonoid content	花色苷/（mg · g^-1） Anthocyanins content
0（对照Control）	2.56 ± 0.11 c	3.24 ± 0.06 c	3.48 ± 0.12 c	0.14 ± 0.01 c
30	2.64 ± 0.12 bc	3.71 ± 0.06 bc	3.52 ± 0.15 c	0.18 ± 0.01 b
60	2.91 ± 0.06 b	4.82 ± 0.03 ab	3.70 ± 0.12 ab	0.20 ± 0.02 b
90	3.27 ± 0.07 a	5.31 ± 0.09 a	3.81 ± 0.10 a	0.25 ± 0.02 a
120	2.89 ± 0.09 b	4.16 ± 0.07 b	3.62 ± 0.12 b	0.19 ± 0.01 b

Fig. 4 Heatmap of correlation analysis between photosynthetic characteristics of grape leaves and fruit quality The related indexes of grape leaves were the average value of each phenological period，and the fruit quality index was the measured value of mature period. Chl.a：Chlorophyll a；Chl.b：Chlorophyll b；Car：Carotenoid；Chl.(a + b)：Total chlorophyll；Pn：Net photosynthetic rate；Tr：Transpiration rate；Gs：Stomatal conductivity；Ci：Intercellular CO2 concentration；Fv/Fm：Maximal photochemical efficiency；Y(Ⅱ)：Actual photochemical efficiency of PSII；qP：Photochemical quenching；qN：Non-photochemical quenching coefficient；ETR：Rate of electron transfer；Y(NPQ)：Quantum yield of non-photochemical quenching；SSC：Soluble solids content；TSS：Total soluble sugar；TA：Titratable acid；RTT：Solid-acid ratio；Tan：Tannin；TP：Total phenols；TF：Total flavonoid；Ant：Anthocyanin. ** means extremely significant difference（P < 0.01），* means significant difference（P < 0.05）.

Table 3 Principal component loading matrix and variance contribution rate of grape leaf photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality

指标 Index	主成分 Principal component		指标 Index	主成分 Principal component
指标 Index	PC1	PC2	指标 Index	PC1	PC2
Chl.a	0.047	-0.245	q_N	0.046	0.271
Chl.b	0.049	-0.058	ETR	0.047	0.242
Car	0.045	-0.322	Y(NPQ)	-0.048	0.034
Chl.(a + b)	0.048	-0.197	TSS	0.048	0.188
P_n	0.049	0.050	TA	-0.048	-0.194
T_r	0.048	-0.029	RTT	0.048	0.206
G_s	0.049	0.077	SSC	0.049	-0.059
C_i	-0.045	0.344	Tan	0.048	-0.104
F_v/F_m	0.047	0.088	TP	0.049	0.046
Y(Ⅱ)	0.043	0.373	TF	0.049	0.009
q_P	0.046	-0.261	Ant	0.047	-0.094
特征值Eigen value 方差贡献率/% Variance contribution 累计方差贡献率/% Cumulative variance proportion	20.182 91.738 91.738	1.216 5.526 97.264

Table 4 Principal component score table of FA-K on‘Cabernet Gernischet’grape

FA-K/（mg · L^-1）	主成分得分Principal component score		综合得分（F）	排名
FA-K/（mg · L^-1）	PC1	PC2	Comprehensive score	Ranking
0（对照Control） 30 60 90 120	-1.22 -0.60 0.48 1.39 -0.06	0.44 0.31 0.82 0.16 -1.73	-109.49 -53.23 48.74 128.33 -14.80	5 4 2 1 3

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Effects of Potassium Fulvic Acid on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fruit Quality of‘Cabernet Gernischt’Grape

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