Development of Distinctness，Uniformity and Stability Test Guidelines for New Cultivars of Paphiopedilum

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0102

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (1): 149-159.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0102

• Genetic & Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Biology • Previous Articles Next Articles

Development of Distinctness，Uniformity and Stability Test Guidelines for New Cultivars of Paphiopedilum

CHEN Xingyu, WANG Li, GE Hong, ZHAO Xin, KOU Yaping, ZHAO Yue, YANG Shuhua^*(), JIA Ruidong^*()

State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding，Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Flower Crops（North China），Institute of Vegetables and Flowers，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Beijing 100081，China

Received:2024-03-15 Revised:2024-10-11 Online:2025-01-25 Published:2025-01-19
Contact: YANG Shuhua, JIA Ruidong

Abstract

Abstract:

Paphiopedilum is a genus of high ornamental value，recognized as a high-grade flower in the international flower market. The genus is rich in germplasm resources，with considerable breeding potential and broad industrial prospects. However，guidelines for the DUS（Distinctness，Uniformity and Stability）test of Paphiopedilum are not available in UPOV（International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants），Japan or China. According to the relevant national standards in China and considering the status of Paphiopedilum resources，breeding advancements，and the current level of industrial development，56 Paphiopedilum materials were gathered and tested. A total of 64 test characteristics were identified，including 37 basic characteristics and 27 optional characteristics，as well as 5 grouping characteristics and 11 standard cultivars.

Key words: Paphiopedilum, DUS test, guide development, characteristic

CHEN Xingyu, WANG Li, GE Hong, ZHAO Xin, KOU Yaping, ZHAO Yue, YANG Shuhua, JIA Ruidong. Development of Distinctness，Uniformity and Stability Test Guidelines for New Cultivars of Paphiopedilum[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(1): 149-159.

Figures/Tables 7

References 29

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编号 No.	名称 Name	编号 No.	名称 Name
1	白旗兜兰 P. spicerianum	29	浅斑兜兰 P. malipoense var. jackii
2	报春兜兰 P. primulinum	30	浅紫兜兰 P. primulinum f. purpurascens
3	彩云兜兰 P. wardii	31	美花兜兰 P. × fanaticum
4	苍叶兜兰 P. glaucophyllum	32	‘琥珀红’兜兰 P.‘Hupohong’
5	带叶兜兰 P. hirsutissimum	33	红魔帝 P. Maudiae‘Los Osos’
6	德氏兜兰 P. delenatii	34	绿魔帝 P. Maudiae‘Magnificum’
7	菲律宾兜兰 P. philippinense	35	颖川黄金 P.‘In charm Gold’
8	费氏兜兰 P. fairrieanum	36	金国王 P.‘Dollgoldi’
9	格力兜兰 P. gratrixianum	37	绿国王 P.‘Harold Koopowitz’
10	古德兜兰 P. godefroyae	38	绿肉饼 P.‘Cocoa Green’
11	亨利兜兰 P. henryanum	39	麻坡美人 P.‘Lynleigh Koopowitz’
12	红旗兜兰 P. charlesworthii	40	麦克兜兰 P.‘Michael Koopowitz’
13	巨瓣兜兰 P. bellatulum	41	魔术灯笼 P.‘Magic Lantern’
14	卷萼兜兰 P. appletonianum	42	P.‘Iratsume alba’
15	李氏兜兰 P. liemianum	43	雪白 × 棉岛 P.‘Shen-Liu White Peri’
16	麻栗坡兜兰 P. malipoense	44	白花 × 雪白 P.‘Sugar Suite’
17	胼胝兜兰 P. callosum	45	雪白 × 硬叶 P.‘Wössner Perle’
18	巧花兜兰 P. helenae	46	多花 × 苍叶 P. chamberlainianum × P. glaucophyllm
19	天伦兜兰 P. tranlienianum	47	李氏 × 苍叶 P. liemianum × P. glaucophyllum
20	同色兜兰 P. concolor	48	莫氏 × 白旗 P. moquetteanum × P. spicerianum
21	文山兜兰 P. wenshanense	49	若氏 × 李氏 P. rothschildianum × P. liemianum
22	杏黄兜兰 P. armeniacum	50	若氏 × 德氏 P. rothschildianum × P. delenatii
23	秀丽兜兰 P. venustum	51	斯通 × 雪白 P. stoeni × P. niveum
24	硬叶兜兰 P. micranthum	52	文山 × 巨瓣 P. wenshamense × P. bellatulum
25	疣点兜兰 P. glanduliferum	53	淑女 × 德氏 P.‘Lady lsabel’× P. delenatii
26	长瓣兜兰 P. dianthum	54	淑女 × 多花 P.‘Lady lsabel’× P. chamberlainianum
27	紫毛兜兰 P. villosum	55	P. fairrieanum × P.‘Green Gem’
28	莫氏兜兰 P. glaucophyllum var. moquetteanum	56	P. nivuem × P.‘In-charm Greenery’

编号 No.	名称 Name	编号 No.	名称 Name
1	白旗兜兰 P. spicerianum	29	浅斑兜兰 P. malipoense var. jackii
2	报春兜兰 P. primulinum	30	浅紫兜兰 P. primulinum f. purpurascens
3	彩云兜兰 P. wardii	31	美花兜兰 P. × fanaticum
4	苍叶兜兰 P. glaucophyllum	32	‘琥珀红’兜兰 P.‘Hupohong’
5	带叶兜兰 P. hirsutissimum	33	红魔帝 P. Maudiae‘Los Osos’
6	德氏兜兰 P. delenatii	34	绿魔帝 P. Maudiae‘Magnificum’
7	菲律宾兜兰 P. philippinense	35	颖川黄金 P.‘In charm Gold’
8	费氏兜兰 P. fairrieanum	36	金国王 P.‘Dollgoldi’
9	格力兜兰 P. gratrixianum	37	绿国王 P.‘Harold Koopowitz’
10	古德兜兰 P. godefroyae	38	绿肉饼 P.‘Cocoa Green’
11	亨利兜兰 P. henryanum	39	麻坡美人 P.‘Lynleigh Koopowitz’
12	红旗兜兰 P. charlesworthii	40	麦克兜兰 P.‘Michael Koopowitz’
13	巨瓣兜兰 P. bellatulum	41	魔术灯笼 P.‘Magic Lantern’
14	卷萼兜兰 P. appletonianum	42	P.‘Iratsume alba’
15	李氏兜兰 P. liemianum	43	雪白 × 棉岛 P.‘Shen-Liu White Peri’
16	麻栗坡兜兰 P. malipoense	44	白花 × 雪白 P.‘Sugar Suite’
17	胼胝兜兰 P. callosum	45	雪白 × 硬叶 P.‘Wössner Perle’
18	巧花兜兰 P. helenae	46	多花 × 苍叶 P. chamberlainianum × P. glaucophyllm
19	天伦兜兰 P. tranlienianum	47	李氏 × 苍叶 P. liemianum × P. glaucophyllum
20	同色兜兰 P. concolor	48	莫氏 × 白旗 P. moquetteanum × P. spicerianum
21	文山兜兰 P. wenshanense	49	若氏 × 李氏 P. rothschildianum × P. liemianum
22	杏黄兜兰 P. armeniacum	50	若氏 × 德氏 P. rothschildianum × P. delenatii
23	秀丽兜兰 P. venustum	51	斯通 × 雪白 P. stoeni × P. niveum
24	硬叶兜兰 P. micranthum	52	文山 × 巨瓣 P. wenshamense × P. bellatulum
25	疣点兜兰 P. glanduliferum	53	淑女 × 德氏 P.‘Lady lsabel’× P. delenatii
26	长瓣兜兰 P. dianthum	54	淑女 × 多花 P.‘Lady lsabel’× P. chamberlainianum
27	紫毛兜兰 P. villosum	55	P. fairrieanum × P.‘Green Gem’
28	莫氏兜兰 P. glaucophyllum var. moquetteanum	56	P. nivuem × P.‘In-charm Greenery’

性状 Characteristics			性状类型	观测方法	分级或备注
性状 Characteristics			Types of characteristics	Method of observation	Grade or remark
基本性状 Basic characteristics	植株 Plant	高度 Height	QN	MS	9
	植株 Plant	开花时间 Flowering time	QL	VG	2
	叶 Leaf	姿态 Attitude	PQ	VG	3
		形状 Shape	PQ	VG	4
		尖端形状 Shape of apex	PQ	VG	3
		长度 Length	QN	MS	9
		宽度 Width	QN	MS	9
		革质化程度 Degree of leatherization	QN	VG	3
		上表面绿色程度 Degree of greenness of upper surface	QN	VG	3
		上表面斑纹 Upper surface variegation	QL	VG	2
		下表面花青甙显色 Lower surface anthocyanin coloration	QL	VG	2
	花序 Inflorescence	类型 Type	QL	VG	2
		开花习性，仅适于多花型品种 Flowering habit，only for multi-flowered cultivars	QL	VG	2
		花数量，仅适于集中开放品种 Number of flowers，only for centralized open cultivars	QN	VG	3
		花序长度 Inflorescence length，only for centralized open cultivars	QN	MS	9
		花序梗长度 Peduncle length	QN	MS	9
	花 Flower	纵径 Longitudinal diameter	QN	MS	9
		横径 Transverse diameter	QN	MS	9
		花瓣开张角度 Petal opening angle	QN	VG	3
	中萼片 Dorsal sepal	形状 Shape	PQ	VG	5
		纵径 Longitudinal diameter	QN	MS	9
		横径 Transverse diameter	QN	MS	9
		横截面形状 Cross-sectional shape	PQ	VG	3
		边缘波状 Undulation of margin	QL	VG	2
基本性状 Basic characteristics	花瓣 Petal	形状 Shape	PQ	VG	7
		纵径 Longitudinal diameter	QN	MS	9
		横径 Transverse diameter	QN	MS	9
		扭曲程度 Degree of twist	QN	VG	5
		边缘波状 Undulation of margin	QL	VG	2
		疣点 Warts	QL	VG	2
		缘毛 Ciliate	QL	VG	2
	唇瓣 Lip	形状 Shape	QL	VG	2
		纵径 Longitudinal diameter	QN	MS	9
		横径 Transverse diameter	QN	MS	9
	退化雄蕊 Staminode	形状 Shape	PQ	VG	6
	子房 Ovary	表面被毛 Surface pubescent	QL	VG	2
	子房 Ovary	花青甙显色 Anthocyanin coloration	QL	VG	2
选测性状 Optional characteristics	植株 Plant	根状茎 Rhizomes	QL	VG	2
	植株 Plant	分蘖数量 Number of tillers	QN	VG	3
	花序 Inflorescence	花序梗被毛 Peduncle pubescent	QL	VG	2
	花序 Inflorescence	花序梗花青甙显色 Peduncle anthocyanin coloration	QL	VG	2
	中萼片 Dorsal sepal	颜色数量 Number of colors	QL	VG	4
		主色 Main color	PQ	VG	9
		次色 Secondary Color	PQ	VG	9
		颜色图案 Color Pattern	PQ	VG	12
	合萼片 Synsepal	形状 Shape	PQ	VG	5
		纵径 Longitudinal diameter	QN	MS	9
		横径 Transverse diameter	QN	MS	9
		颜色数量 Number of colors	QL	VG	4
		主色 Main color	PQ	VG	9
		次色 Secondary color	PQ	VG	9
		颜色图案 Color pattern	PQ	VG	12
	花瓣 Petal	颜色数量 Number of colors	QL	VG	4
		主色 Main color	PQ	VG	9
		次色 Secondary color	PQ	VG	9
		颜色图案 Color pattern	PQ	VG	12
	唇瓣 Lip	颜色数量 Number of colors	QL	VG	4
		主色 Main color	PQ	VG	9
		次色 Secondary color	PQ	VG	9
	退化雄蕊 Staminode	纵径 Longitudinal diameter	QN	MS	5
		横径 Transverse diameter	QN	MS	5
		主色 Main color	PQ	VG	9
		脐状突起 Umbilical bump	QL	VG	2
		纵向对折 Longitudinal fold	QL	VG	2

性状 Characteristics			性状类型	观测方法	分级或备注
性状 Characteristics			Types of characteristics	Method of observation	Grade or remark
基本性状 Basic characteristics	植株 Plant	高度 Height	QN	MS	9
	植株 Plant	开花时间 Flowering time	QL	VG	2
	叶 Leaf	姿态 Attitude	PQ	VG	3
		形状 Shape	PQ	VG	4
		尖端形状 Shape of apex	PQ	VG	3
		长度 Length	QN	MS	9
		宽度 Width	QN	MS	9
		革质化程度 Degree of leatherization	QN	VG	3
		上表面绿色程度 Degree of greenness of upper surface	QN	VG	3
		上表面斑纹 Upper surface variegation	QL	VG	2
		下表面花青甙显色 Lower surface anthocyanin coloration	QL	VG	2
	花序 Inflorescence	类型 Type	QL	VG	2
		开花习性，仅适于多花型品种 Flowering habit，only for multi-flowered cultivars	QL	VG	2
		花数量，仅适于集中开放品种 Number of flowers，only for centralized open cultivars	QN	VG	3
		花序长度 Inflorescence length，only for centralized open cultivars	QN	MS	9
		花序梗长度 Peduncle length	QN	MS	9
	花 Flower	纵径 Longitudinal diameter	QN	MS	9
		横径 Transverse diameter	QN	MS	9
		花瓣开张角度 Petal opening angle	QN	VG	3
	中萼片 Dorsal sepal	形状 Shape	PQ	VG	5
		纵径 Longitudinal diameter	QN	MS	9
		横径 Transverse diameter	QN	MS	9
		横截面形状 Cross-sectional shape	PQ	VG	3
		边缘波状 Undulation of margin	QL	VG	2
基本性状 Basic characteristics	花瓣 Petal	形状 Shape	PQ	VG	7
		纵径 Longitudinal diameter	QN	MS	9
		横径 Transverse diameter	QN	MS	9
		扭曲程度 Degree of twist	QN	VG	5
		边缘波状 Undulation of margin	QL	VG	2
		疣点 Warts	QL	VG	2
		缘毛 Ciliate	QL	VG	2
	唇瓣 Lip	形状 Shape	QL	VG	2
		纵径 Longitudinal diameter	QN	MS	9
		横径 Transverse diameter	QN	MS	9
	退化雄蕊 Staminode	形状 Shape	PQ	VG	6
	子房 Ovary	表面被毛 Surface pubescent	QL	VG	2
	子房 Ovary	花青甙显色 Anthocyanin coloration	QL	VG	2
选测性状 Optional characteristics	植株 Plant	根状茎 Rhizomes	QL	VG	2
	植株 Plant	分蘖数量 Number of tillers	QN	VG	3
	花序 Inflorescence	花序梗被毛 Peduncle pubescent	QL	VG	2
	花序 Inflorescence	花序梗花青甙显色 Peduncle anthocyanin coloration	QL	VG	2
	中萼片 Dorsal sepal	颜色数量 Number of colors	QL	VG	4
		主色 Main color	PQ	VG	9
		次色 Secondary Color	PQ	VG	9
		颜色图案 Color Pattern	PQ	VG	12
	合萼片 Synsepal	形状 Shape	PQ	VG	5
		纵径 Longitudinal diameter	QN	MS	9
		横径 Transverse diameter	QN	MS	9
		颜色数量 Number of colors	QL	VG	4
		主色 Main color	PQ	VG	9
		次色 Secondary color	PQ	VG	9
		颜色图案 Color pattern	PQ	VG	12
	花瓣 Petal	颜色数量 Number of colors	QL	VG	4
		主色 Main color	PQ	VG	9
		次色 Secondary color	PQ	VG	9
		颜色图案 Color pattern	PQ	VG	12
	唇瓣 Lip	颜色数量 Number of colors	QL	VG	4
		主色 Main color	PQ	VG	9
		次色 Secondary color	PQ	VG	9
	退化雄蕊 Staminode	纵径 Longitudinal diameter	QN	MS	5
		横径 Transverse diameter	QN	MS	5
		主色 Main color	PQ	VG	9
		脐状突起 Umbilical bump	QL	VG	2
		纵向对折 Longitudinal fold	QL	VG	2

编号	种名	编号	种名
No.	Species name	No.	Species name
1	白旗兜兰 P. spicerianum	7	胼胝兜兰 P. callosum
2	报春兜兰 P. primulinum	8	同色兜兰 P. concolor
3	带叶兜兰 P. hirsutissimum	9	硬叶兜兰 P. micranthum
4	亨利兜兰 P. henryanum	10	长瓣兜兰 P. dianthum
5	巨瓣兜兰 P. bellatulum	11	紫毛兜兰 P. villosum
6	麻栗坡兜兰 P. malipoense

Development of Distinctness，Uniformity and Stability Test Guidelines for New Cultivars of Paphiopedilum

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性状	最小值/cm	最大值/cm	极差	中值/cm	平均值	平均标准差	变异系数/%
Characteristics	Min	Max	Range	Middle number	Mean	SD	CV
植株高度 Plant height	10.09	60.50	50.41	26.50	29.22	11.95	40.91
叶长度 Leaf length	8.00	39.50	31.50	18.69	19.53	7.86	40.25
叶宽度 Leaf width	1.40	6.10	4.70	3.63	3.73	1.15	30.84
花序梗长度 Inflorescence peduncle length	2.84	51.00	48.16	16.21	18.88	10.83	57.36
花纵径 Flower longitudinal diameter	3.70	10.50	6.80	7.18	7.28	1.61	22.09
花横径 Flower transverse diameter	4.36	16.20	11.84	8.24	9.02	2.70	29.89
中萼片纵径 Dorsal sepal longitudinal diameter	1.88	6.50	4.62	3.70	4.03	0.98	24.34
中萼片横径 Dorsal sepal transverse diameter	1.24	6.47	5.23	3.60	3.64	1.13	30.95
合萼片纵径 Synsepal longitudinal diameter	2.00	5.60	3.60	2.97	3.30	0.84	25.34
合萼片横径 Synsepal transverse diameter	1.30	4.58	3.28	2.65	2.62	0.73	27.89
花瓣纵径 Petal longitudinal diameter	2.34	20.50	18.16	4.86	5.71	2.71	47.51
花瓣横径 Petal transverse diameter	0.52	4.52	4.00	1.80	2.17	1.18	54.21
唇瓣纵径 Lip longitudinal diameter	1.90	6.01	4.11	4.00	3.95	0.94	23.71
唇瓣横径 Lip transverse diameter	1.20	4.58	3.38	2.30	2.41	0.77	31.99
退化雄蕊纵径 Staminode longitudinal diameter	0.60	2.30	1.70	1.23	1.26	0.40	31.99
退化雄蕊横径 Staminode transverse diameter	0.55	2.30	1.75	1.18	1.19	0.35	29.45

性状 Characte- ristics	PH	LL	LW	IPL	FLD	FTD	DSLD	DSTD	SSLD	SSTD	PLD	PTD	LLD	LTD	SLD	STD
PH	1.000
LL	0.524^**	1.000
LW	0.468^**	0.384^**	1.000
IPL	0.826^**	0.576^**	0.564^**	1.000
FLD	0.420^**	0.350^**	0.271^*	0.425^**	1.000
FTD	0.392^**	0.442^**	0.396^**	0.389^**	0.535^**	1.000
DSLD	0.357^**	0.359^**	0.311^*	0.353^**	0.704^**	0.721^**	1.000
DSTD	0.067	0.201	0.161	0.106	0.338^*	0.193	0.431^**	1.000
SSLD	0.424^**	0.434^**	0.309^*	0.403^**	0.661^**	0.763^**	0.900^**	0.253	1.000
SSTD	0.156	0.217	0.224	0.142	0.343^**	0.430^**	0.488^**	0.537^**	0.499^**	1.000
PLD	0.181	0.470^**	0.407^**	0.315^*	0.368^**	0.524^**	0.615^**	-0.006	0.567^**	0.209	1.000
PTD	-0.147	-0.431^**	-0.096	-0.221	0.135	0.013	0.132	0.268^*	0.131	0.525^**	-0.201	1.000
LLD	0.082	-0.039	0.172	0.217	0.463^**	0.229	0.333^*	0.246	0.246	0.140	0.171	0.331^*	1.000
LTD	0.342^**	-0.078	0.085	0.346^**	0.393^**	0.106	0.279^*	0.128	0.216	0.109	-0.055	0.492^**	0.616^**	1.000
SLD	0.218	0.149	0.224	0.161	0.509^**	0.490^**	0.414^**	0.032	0.533^**	0.469^**	0.223	0.462^**	0.281^*	0.442^**	1.000
STD	0.199	-0.083	0.197	0.151	0.386^**	0.340^*	0.448^**	0.286^*	0.418^**	0.441^**	0.013	0.570^**	0.352^**	0.501^**	0.627^**	1.000

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