Identification and Biological Characteristics of the Pathogens Causing Marigold Wilt in Xinjiang

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0999

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (12): 2723-2734.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0999

• Plant Protection • Previous Articles Next Articles

Identification and Biological Characteristics of the Pathogens Causing Marigold Wilt in Xinjiang

Nursimangul·Aihaiti¹, Aigamarie·Abdulzaire¹, SUN Yongmin², HAN Wenjie³, GUO Qingyuan¹^,^*(), WANG Lili¹^,^*()

¹ Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Invasive Alien Species in Agriculture & Forestry of the North-western Desert Oasis（Co-construction by Ministry and Province），Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Key Laboratory of the Pest Monitoring and Safety Control of Crops and Forests，Agricultural College，Xinjiang Agricultural University，Urumqi 830052，China
² Flower Industry Management Center of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region，Urumqi 830052，China
³ Chenguang Biotechnology Group Shache Co., Ltd.，Shache，Xinjiang 844700，China

Received:2023-04-13 Revised:2023-10-15 Online:2023-12-25 Published:2023-12-29
Contact: GUO Qingyuan, WANG Lili

Abstract

Abstract:

The purpose of the study was to clarify the species and biological characteristics of the pathogens of marigold wilt in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. A series of experiments were conducted through tissue isolation，single spore purification，pathogenicity determination，morphological Characteristics，phylogenetic analysis of ITS and EF-1α sequences and identification of biological characteristics. The results showed that four pathogens were identified as Fusarium fujikuroi，F. solani，F. equiseti and F. culmorum. The optimum temperature for the growth of all Fusarium species was 25 ℃ and the optimum pH range was 6-7. Full-darkness was conducive to the mycelial growth of F. fujikuroi，but full-light was suitable for the rest species. They differed in their optimum growing conditions. The mycelial of F. fujikuroi grew better on media of PDA and PSA，and was in favor of lactose and potassium nitrate as the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources. For F. equiseti，the optimal medium was PDA，and the optimal carbon and niteogen sources were lactose and yeast extract. For F. solani，the best medium was Czapek medium，and the best carbon and nitrogen sources were lactose and peptone. For F. culmorum，the beneficial media were PSA，PDA and CA，and the beneficial carbon and nitrogen sources were soluble starch，yeast extract and ammonium chloride. Their mycelial lethal temperature were at 64 ℃，63 ℃，63 ℃，52 ℃ for 10 min respectively. Among of them，F. solani is the most dominant pathogenic species causing marigold wilt in Xinjiang because of highest separation frequency of 68%.

Key words: Xinjiang, marigold wilt, Fusarium, identification, biological characteristics

Nursimangul·Aihaiti, Aigamarie·Abdulzaire, SUN Yongmin, HAN Wenjie, GUO Qingyuan, WANG Lili. Identification and Biological Characteristics of the Pathogens Causing Marigold Wilt in Xinjiang[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(12): 2723-2734.

Figures/Tables 12

References 33

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培养基 Media	菌落直径/mm Colony diameter
培养基 Media	藤仓镰刀菌 F. fujikuroi	茄腐镰刀菌 F. solani	木贼镰刀菌 F. equiseti	黄色镰刀菌 F. culmorum
玉米粉琼脂 Corn meal agar（CMA）	48.50 ± 0.84 g	41.83 ± 0.41 b	46.17 ± 0.41 f	55.17 ± 0.41 c
燕麦琼脂 Oat meal agar（OA）	60.33 ± 0.52 d	53.33 ± 0.52 ab	40.67 ± 1.03 h	58.33 ± 0.52 b
胡萝卜葡萄糖琼脂 Carrot dextrose agar（CA）	57.83 ± 0.41 e	46.67 ± 0.52 ab	48.33 ± 0.52 e	84.83 ± 0.41 a
察氏Czapek（Czapek）	68.83 ± 0.41 b	55.83 ± 0.41 a	54.33 ± 0.52 d	54.17 ± 0.98 d
水琼脂Water agar（WA）	52.67 ± 0.52 f	40.17 ± 0.41 b	44.83 ± 0.41 g	22.00 ± 0.63 f
马铃薯蔗糖琼脂 Potato saccharose agar（PSA）	70.17 ± 0.41 a	53.67 ± 0.52 ab	56.67 ± 0.52 b	84.83 ± 0.41 a
马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂 Potato D-gluose agar（PDA）	70.33 ± 0.52 a	51.83 ± 0.41 ab	57.67 ± 0.52 a	84.67 ± 0.52 a
马铃薯胡萝卜琼脂 Potato carrot agar（PCA）	64.33 ± 0.52 c	54.33 ± 0.52 ab	55.67 ± 0.52 c	49.17 ± 0.75 e

培养基 Media	菌落直径/mm Colony diameter
培养基 Media	藤仓镰刀菌 F. fujikuroi	茄腐镰刀菌 F. solani	木贼镰刀菌 F. equiseti	黄色镰刀菌 F. culmorum
玉米粉琼脂 Corn meal agar（CMA）	48.50 ± 0.84 g	41.83 ± 0.41 b	46.17 ± 0.41 f	55.17 ± 0.41 c
燕麦琼脂 Oat meal agar（OA）	60.33 ± 0.52 d	53.33 ± 0.52 ab	40.67 ± 1.03 h	58.33 ± 0.52 b
胡萝卜葡萄糖琼脂 Carrot dextrose agar（CA）	57.83 ± 0.41 e	46.67 ± 0.52 ab	48.33 ± 0.52 e	84.83 ± 0.41 a
察氏Czapek（Czapek）	68.83 ± 0.41 b	55.83 ± 0.41 a	54.33 ± 0.52 d	54.17 ± 0.98 d
水琼脂Water agar（WA）	52.67 ± 0.52 f	40.17 ± 0.41 b	44.83 ± 0.41 g	22.00 ± 0.63 f
马铃薯蔗糖琼脂 Potato saccharose agar（PSA）	70.17 ± 0.41 a	53.67 ± 0.52 ab	56.67 ± 0.52 b	84.83 ± 0.41 a
马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂 Potato D-gluose agar（PDA）	70.33 ± 0.52 a	51.83 ± 0.41 ab	57.67 ± 0.52 a	84.67 ± 0.52 a
马铃薯胡萝卜琼脂 Potato carrot agar（PCA）	64.33 ± 0.52 c	54.33 ± 0.52 ab	55.67 ± 0.52 c	49.17 ± 0.75 e

温度/℃ Temperature	菌落直径/mm Colony diameter
温度/℃ Temperature	藤仓镰刀菌 F. fujikuroi	茄腐镰刀菌 F. solani	木贼镰刀菌 F. equiseti	黄色镰刀菌 F. culmorum
5	11.17 ± 0.41 g	11.33 ± 0.52 g	12.17 ± 0.41 g	9.83 ± 0.41 g
10	23.00 ± 0.63 f	14.17 ± 0.41 f	16.33 ± 0.52 f	22.33 ± 0.52 f
15	31.33 ± 0.52 e	18.50 ± 0.55 e	20.83 ± 0.41 e	52.33 ± 0.52 c
20	42.17 ± 0.41 c	31.83 ± 0.41 d	36.17 ± 0.41 d	70.83 ± 0.98 b
25	75.17 ± 0.41 a	56.83 ± 0.41 a	63.83 ± 0.41 a	84.83 ± 0.41 a
30	62.33 ± 0.52 b	53.00 ± 0.63 b	58.67 ± 0.52 b	41.67 ± 0.52 d
35	32.67 ± 0.52 d	33.67 ± 0.82 c	42.17 ± 0.41 c	23.33 ± 0.52 e

温度/℃ Temperature	菌落直径/mm Colony diameter
温度/℃ Temperature	藤仓镰刀菌 F. fujikuroi	茄腐镰刀菌 F. solani	木贼镰刀菌 F. equiseti	黄色镰刀菌 F. culmorum
5	11.17 ± 0.41 g	11.33 ± 0.52 g	12.17 ± 0.41 g	9.83 ± 0.41 g
10	23.00 ± 0.63 f	14.17 ± 0.41 f	16.33 ± 0.52 f	22.33 ± 0.52 f
15	31.33 ± 0.52 e	18.50 ± 0.55 e	20.83 ± 0.41 e	52.33 ± 0.52 c
20	42.17 ± 0.41 c	31.83 ± 0.41 d	36.17 ± 0.41 d	70.83 ± 0.98 b
25	75.17 ± 0.41 a	56.83 ± 0.41 a	63.83 ± 0.41 a	84.83 ± 0.41 a
30	62.33 ± 0.52 b	53.00 ± 0.63 b	58.67 ± 0.52 b	41.67 ± 0.52 d
35	32.67 ± 0.52 d	33.67 ± 0.82 c	42.17 ± 0.41 c	23.33 ± 0.52 e

pH	菌落直径/mm Colony diameter
pH	藤仓镰刀菌F. fujikuroi	茄腐镰刀菌F. solani	木贼镰刀菌F. equiseti	黄色镰刀菌F. culmorum
5	60.33 ± 0.52 f	50.33 ± 0.52 f	50.33 ± 0.52 f	30.17 ± 5.81 f
6	71.83 ± 0.41 a	54.00 ± 0.63 b	56.83 ± 0.41 a	70.33 ± 0.52 ab
7	68.17 ± 0.41 b	54.83 ± 0.41 a	55.67 ± 0.52 b	72.83 ± 0.41 a
8	64.00 ± 0.63 d	53.17 ± 0.41 c	56.17 ± 0.41 b	67.33 ± 0.52 b
9	66.50 ± 0.84 c	51.33 ± 0.52 de	54.83 ± 0.41 c	42.17 ± 4.83 d
10	64.50 ± 0.84 d	51.83 ± 0.41 d	53.17 ± 0.41 d	47.33 ± 0.52 c
11	60.17 ± 0.41 e	51.00 ± 0.63 e	51.50 ± 0.84 e	40.00 ± 0.89 de
12	57.00 ± 0.63 g	48.83 ± 0.41 g	48.83 ± 0.41 g	37.00 ± 0.89 e

Identification and Biological Characteristics of the Pathogens Causing Marigold Wilt in Xinjiang

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碳源 Carbon source	菌落直径/mm Colony diameter
碳源 Carbon source	藤仓镰刀菌F. fujikuroi	茄腐镰刀菌F. solani	木贼镰刀菌F. equiseti	黄色镰刀菌F. culmorum
无碳 Carbonless	59.67 ± 0.52 ab	46.33 ± 0.82 e	46.50 ± 0.84 de	18.00 ± 1.26 cd
蔗糖Sucrose	66.83 ± 0.41 a	51.50 ± 0.55 b	50.33 ± 0.52 bc	15.17 ± 0.41 e
山梨醇 Sorbitol	64.50 ± 0.55 ab	52.17 ± 0.41 b	49.83 ± 0.41 c	18.50 ± 1.22 c
乳糖 Lactose	70.00 ± 0.63 a	54.67 ± 0.52 a	51.67 ± 0.52 a	17.17 ± 0.75 d
葡萄糖 Glucose	66.33 ± 0.52 a	52.67 ± 0.52 b	50.67 ± 1.03 b	15.83 ± 0.98 e
木糖醇 Xylitol	64.33 ± 0.52 ab	49.00 ± 3.95 c	46.33 ± 0.52 de	21.17 ± 0.41 b
麦芽糖 Maltose	55.00 ± 24.49 b	51.83 ± 0.41 b	49.83 ± 0.41 c	19.00 ± 0.89 c
可溶性淀粉 Soluble starch	59.83 ± 0.41 ab	46.83 ± 0.41 de	46.83 ± 0.41 d	44.67 ± 0.52 a
甘露醇 Mannitol	66.50 ± 0.55 a	51.50 ± 0.55 b	50.17 ± 0.41 bc	15.33 ± 0.52 e
D-果糖 D- fructose	63.83 ± 0.41 ab	48.17 ± 0.41 cd	45.83 ± 0.41 e	16.17 ± 0.75 e

氮源 Nitrogen source	菌落直径/mm Colony diameter
氮源 Nitrogen source	藤仓镰刀菌 F. fujikuroi	茄腐镰刀菌 F. solani	木贼镰刀菌 F. equiseti	黄色镰刀菌 F. culmorum
无氮 Nitrogen free	59.50 ± 0.55 e	48.17 ± 4.02 e	44.67 ± 0.52 f	10.17 ± 0.41 f
硝酸钠 Sdium nitrate	65.50 ± 0.55 b	52.33 ± 0.52 c	51.50 ± 0.55 c	21.67 ± 0.52 e
硝酸钾 Potassium nitrate	67.33 ± 0.52 a	51.83 ± 0.41 cd	49.83 ± 0.41 d	22.33 ± 0.52 e
尿素 Urea	25.50 ± 0.55 g	33.33 ± 0.52 f	26.83 ± 0.75 g	22.17 ± 1.33 e
氯化铵 Ammonium chloride	64.33 ± 0.82 c	51.83 ± 0.41 cd	49.67 ± 0.52 d	64.33 ± 0.52 a
硫酸铵 Ammonia sulfate	64.83 ± 0.41 c	50.17 ± 0.41 d	47.67 ± 0.52 e	46.33 ± 0.52 d
酵母浸粉 Yeast extract	60.33 ± 0.52 e	55.33 ± 0.52 b	55.33 ± 0.52 a	64.33 ± 0.52 a
酵母膏 Yeast cream	60.00 ± 0.63 ef	56.67 ± 0.52 ab	53.00 ± 0.89 b	51.50 ± 1.22 c
蛋白胨 Peptone	63.17 ± 0.41 d	57.67 ± 0.52 a	54.83 ± 0.41 a	61.33 ± 1.03 b

光照 Light	菌落直径/mm Colony diameter
光照 Light	藤仓镰刀菌 F. fujikuroi	茄腐镰刀菌 F. solani	木贼镰刀菌 F. equiseti	黄色镰刀菌 F. culmorum
全光照 All light	70.4 ± 0.55 b	78.20 ± 0.45 a	80.80 ± 0.45 a	84.60 ± 0.55 a
光暗交替 Dark/ Light	61.4 ± 1.14 c	67.80 ± 0.45 b	72.40 ± 0.55 b	74.60 ± 0.89 b
全黑暗 All dark	80.8 ± 0.45 a	58.60 ± 0.55 c	61.80 ± 0.84 c	62.00 ± 1.00 c

种类 Species	温度/℃ Temperature
种类 Species	45	50	51	52	53	54	55	60	61	62	63	64	65
藤仓镰刀菌 F. fujikuroi	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	-
茄腐镰刀菌 F. solani	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	-
木贼镰刀菌 F. equiseti	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	-
黄色镰刀菌 F. culmorum	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

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