Biological Characteristics and Fungicide Sensitivity of Aureobasidium pullulans var. pullulans Causing Spot Blight of Pear

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0706

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (10): 2220-2228.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0706

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Biological Characteristics and Fungicide Sensitivity of Aureobasidium pullulans var. pullulans Causing Spot Blight of Pear

XIE Yunye¹, QIU Guanyu², FANG Li¹, DAI Meisong³, SHI Zebin³, WU Jun¹, WANG Hanrong¹^,^*()

¹ Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology，Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Hangzhou 310021，China
² School of Agriculture，Ludong University，Yantai，Shandong 264025，China
³ Institute of Horticulture，Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Hangzhou 310021，China

Received:2023-03-31 Revised:2023-07-11 Online:2023-10-25 Published:2023-10-30

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the biological characteristics and fungicides sensitivity of the newly purified strains of Aureobasidium pullulans var. pullulans，which cause serious spot blight of pears. The effects of different carbon and nitrogen sources，pH values，temperatures and light conditions on the mycelial growth rate and spore productions were evaluated. The indoor toxicity of nine fungicides on the mycelium of A. pullulans var. pullulans was determined by the growth rate method of mycelium. The regression equation of virulence was established by the logarithm of concentration and probability value，the correlation coefficient（r）and estimate concentration of 50%（EC₅₀）btained. The results showed that the suitable temperature for mycelium growth and spore production of the pathogen was ranged from 15 ℃ to 25 ℃，and 20 ℃ was the optimum. When the temperature exceeds 35 ℃，the growth rate of mycelium becomes very slow. PDA was the optimal media for mycelium growth，while OA was the optimal media for spore production. Mannitol and Yeast extract were optimal for mycelium growth and spore production. A. pullulans var. pullulans could grow on the medium of pH 4-10. The optimum pH for mycelium growth and spore production was 5. Light promoted spore production and mycelium growth. The obvious ringlets observed on the colony with the cultural condition of alternating dark and light. The lethal temperature of conidia was 48.9 ℃. The sensitivity of A. pullulans var. pullulans to nine fungicides was evaluated by the growth rate method of mycelium. The results showed that the pathogen was more sensitive to 75% Trifloxystrobin · Tebutazol WDG，EC₅₀ < 0.01 mg · L^-1，followed by 70% Thiophanate-methyl WP，50% Carbrndazim WP，43% Fluopyram · Trifloxystrobin SC and 325 g · L^-1 Difenoconazole ·Azoxystrobin SC，0.01 mg · L^-1< EC₅₀ < 1 mg · L^-1.

Key words: Pyrus prifolia, spot blight, Aureobasidium pullulans, biological characteristics, laboratory toxicity

XIE Yunye, QIU Guanyu, FANG Li, DAI Meisong, SHI Zebin, WU Jun, WANG Hanrong. Biological Characteristics and Fungicide Sensitivity of Aureobasidium pullulans var. pullulans Causing Spot Blight of Pear[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(10): 2220-2228.

Figures/Tables 8

References 14

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培养基 Medium	菌落直径/mm Colony diameter		产孢量/（×10⁹个 · mL^-1） Spore production
培养基 Medium	5 d	7 d	产孢量/（×10⁹个 · mL^-1） Spore production
PDA	47.25 ± 0.85 a	70.25 ± 0.41 a	2.86 ± 1.23 c
PSA	45.00 ± 0.41 a	66.50 ± 0.65 b	9.95 ± 0.25 a
CMA	41.25 ± 0.48 b	64.00 ± 0.71 c	8.16 ± 7.04 a
CA	40.50 ± 0.58 b	61.50 ± 0.65 d	1.24 ± 0.60 c
OA	35.75 ± 0.85 c	59.00 ± 0.41 e	6.96 ± 0.80 ab

培养基 Medium	菌落直径/mm Colony diameter		产孢量/（×10⁹个 · mL^-1） Spore production
培养基 Medium	5 d	7 d	产孢量/（×10⁹个 · mL^-1） Spore production
PDA	47.25 ± 0.85 a	70.25 ± 0.41 a	2.86 ± 1.23 c
PSA	45.00 ± 0.41 a	66.50 ± 0.65 b	9.95 ± 0.25 a
CMA	41.25 ± 0.48 b	64.00 ± 0.71 c	8.16 ± 7.04 a
CA	40.50 ± 0.58 b	61.50 ± 0.65 d	1.24 ± 0.60 c
OA	35.75 ± 0.85 c	59.00 ± 0.41 e	6.96 ± 0.80 ab

碳源 Carbon sources	菌落直径/mm Colony diameter		产孢量/（× 10⁹个 · mL^-1） Spore production
碳源 Carbon sources	5 d	7 d	产孢量/（× 10⁹个 · mL^-1） Spore production
甘露醇 D-Mannitol	48.50 ± 0.65 a	72.25 ± 0.41 a	32.92 ± 1.05 a
果糖 D-(+)-Fructose	48.25 ± 1.03 a	70.00 ± 0.85 ab	29.16 ± 0.62 a
木糖 D-(+)-Xylose	47.75 ± 0.85 a	69.75 ± 1.11 b	8.00 ± 0.33 bcd
葡萄糖 Glucose	46.75 ± 0.85 ab	69.75 ± 0.48 b	2.36 ± 0.36 d
甘露糖 D-(+)-Mannose	45.25 ± 1.03 b	68.75 ± 0.48 bc	3.44 ± 1.18 cd
阿拉伯糖 D-(+)-Arabinose	44.75 ± 0.25 bc	65.50 ± 1.08 d	11.00 ± 1.86 bc
棉子糖 D-(+)-Raffinose	42.75 ± 0.75 c	65.00 ± 0.85 d	2.20 ± 0.03 d
海藻糖D-(+)-Trehalose	42.50 ± 1.91 c	66.50 ± 1.73 cd	15.48 ± 0.88 b
麦芽糖 Maltose	39.75 ± 0.25 d	62.25 ± 0.85 e	4.56 ± 0.20 cd
山梨醇 D-Sorbitol	39.75 ± 0.95 d	58.00 ± 0.82 f	9.28 ± 0.98 bcd
乳糖 Lactose	36.00 ± 0.21 e	59.00 ± 0.58 f	8.88 ± 0.87 bcd
半乳糖 D-(+)-Galactose	25.50 ± 0.87 f	34.50 ± 1.29 g	1.40 ± 0.10 d

碳源 Carbon sources	菌落直径/mm Colony diameter		产孢量/（× 10⁹个 · mL^-1） Spore production
碳源 Carbon sources	5 d	7 d	产孢量/（× 10⁹个 · mL^-1） Spore production
甘露醇 D-Mannitol	48.50 ± 0.65 a	72.25 ± 0.41 a	32.92 ± 1.05 a
果糖 D-(+)-Fructose	48.25 ± 1.03 a	70.00 ± 0.85 ab	29.16 ± 0.62 a
木糖 D-(+)-Xylose	47.75 ± 0.85 a	69.75 ± 1.11 b	8.00 ± 0.33 bcd
葡萄糖 Glucose	46.75 ± 0.85 ab	69.75 ± 0.48 b	2.36 ± 0.36 d
甘露糖 D-(+)-Mannose	45.25 ± 1.03 b	68.75 ± 0.48 bc	3.44 ± 1.18 cd
阿拉伯糖 D-(+)-Arabinose	44.75 ± 0.25 bc	65.50 ± 1.08 d	11.00 ± 1.86 bc
棉子糖 D-(+)-Raffinose	42.75 ± 0.75 c	65.00 ± 0.85 d	2.20 ± 0.03 d
海藻糖D-(+)-Trehalose	42.50 ± 1.91 c	66.50 ± 1.73 cd	15.48 ± 0.88 b
麦芽糖 Maltose	39.75 ± 0.25 d	62.25 ± 0.85 e	4.56 ± 0.20 cd
山梨醇 D-Sorbitol	39.75 ± 0.95 d	58.00 ± 0.82 f	9.28 ± 0.98 bcd
乳糖 Lactose	36.00 ± 0.21 e	59.00 ± 0.58 f	8.88 ± 0.87 bcd
半乳糖 D-(+)-Galactose	25.50 ± 0.87 f	34.50 ± 1.29 g	1.40 ± 0.10 d

氮源 Nitrogen sources	菌落直径/mm Colony diameter		产孢量/（× 10⁸个· mL^-1） Spore production
氮源 Nitrogen sources	5 d	7 d	产孢量/（× 10⁸个· mL^-1） Spore production
酵母粉 Yeast extract	43.33 ± 0.76 a	59.83 ± 0.79 a	6.19 ± 1.23 a
明胶 Gelatin	35.17 ± 0.79 b	47.33 ± 0.61 b	1.39 ± 1.18 b
蛋白胨 Peptone	33.83 ± 0.87 b	45.17 ± 0.65 bc	0.42 ± 0.13 b
无氮源（对照） No nitrogen source（Control）	30.00 ± 0.77 c	42.83 ± 0.60 c	0.27 ± 0.12 b
牛肉粉 Beef powder	29.83 ± 1.67 c	40.33 ± 1.17 d	1.35 ± 0.04 b
脯氨酸 L-Proline	21.00 ± 0.45 d	27.00 ± 1.18 e	0.81 ± 0.63 b
丙氨酸 L-Alanine	19.17 ± 0.79 d	27.00 ± 0.63 e	0.09 ± 0.02 b
硝酸钾KNO₃	19.17 ± 1.01 d	22.33 ± 1.15 f	0.23 ± 0.05 b
氯化铵NH₄Cl	18.50 ± 1.36 d	22.17 ± 1.25 f	0.27 ± 0.079 b
尿素 Carbamide	5.00 ± 0 e	5.00 ± 0 g	0 b
亚硝酸钠NaNO₂	5.00 ± 0 e	5.00 ± 0 g	0 b

Biological Characteristics and Fungicide Sensitivity of Aureobasidium pullulans var. pullulans Causing Spot Blight of Pear

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光照处理 Light treatment	菌落直径/mm Colony diameter		产孢量/（× 10⁹个 · mL^-1） Spore production
光照处理 Light treatment	5 d	7 d	产孢量/（× 10⁹个 · mL^-1） Spore production
24 h光照 24 h Light	46.50 ± 0.43 a	72.83 ± 0.42 a	44.54 ± 1.20 a
12 h光照/12 h黑暗12 h Light /12 h Dark	46.33 ± 0.49 a	72.67 ± 0.42 a	13.92 ± 0.15 b
24 h黑暗 24 h Dark	42.00 ± 0.52 b	65.33 ± 0.92 b	1.95 ± 0.64 c

供试药剂名称 Fungicide name	毒力回归方程 Toxicity regression equation	相关系数r Correlation coefficient	致死中浓度/（mg · L^-1） EC₅₀
肟菌 · 戊唑醇 Trifloxystrobin · Tebutazol	y = 0.5736x + 0.5207	0.9196	< 0.01
甲基硫菌灵 Thiophanate-methyl	y = 0.8567x + 5.2064	0.9612	0.5742
代森锰锌可湿性粉剂 Mancozeb	y = 0.6841x + 3.7621	0.8878	64.4911
多菌灵可湿性粉剂Carbrndazim	y = 1.3011x + 5.0912	0.9592	0.8510
氟吡菌酰胺悬浮剂Fluopyram	y = 0.4564x + 4.1793	0.9849	62.8348
氟菌 · 肟菌酯悬浮剂Fluopyram · trifloxystrobin	y = 0.7698x + 5.6054	0.9328	0.1635
苯甲 · 嘧菌酯悬浮剂Difenoconazole · azoxystrobin	y = 0.9073x + 5.3945	0.9689	0.3675
氟啶胺悬浮剂Fluazinam	y = 0.7008x + 4.7196	0.9664	2.5125
双诀酰菌胺悬浮剂Dipithyramide	y = 0.4972x + 3.7235	0.9538	369.3176

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