Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (10): 2057-2072.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0444
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ZHENG Qingdong, WANG Yi, OU Yue, KE Yujie, YAO Yahe, WANG Mengjie, CHEN Jiayi, AI Ye*()
Received:
2021-06-23
Revised:
2021-08-26
Online:
2021-10-25
Published:
2021-11-01
Contact:
AI Ye
E-mail:aiyefafu@163.com
CLC Number:
ZHENG Qingdong, WANG Yi, OU Yue, KE Yujie, YAO Yahe, WANG Mengjie, CHEN Jiayi, AI Ye. Research Advances of Genes Responsible for Flower Colors in Orchidaceae[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(10): 2057-2072.
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URL: https://www.ahs.ac.cn/EN/10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0444
Fig. 1 Biosynthesis pathway of anthocyanins PAL:Phenylalanin ammonialyase;C4H:Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase;4CL:4-coumarate;coenzyme ligase;CHS:Chalcone synthase;CHI:Chalcone synthase;F3H:Flavanone-3-hydroxylase;F3′5′H:Dihydroflavonoid-3′,5′-hydroxylase;F3'H:Dihydroflavonoid-3′-hydroxylase;FLS:Flavonol synthase;DFR:Dihydroflavonol reductase;ANS:Anthocyanin synthase;LAR:Leucoanthocyanidin reductase;ANR:Anthocyanidin reductase;UFGT:UDP-glucose flavonoid3-glucosyltransferase;OMT:O-methyltransferases.
类型 Type | 基因名称 Gene name | 来源植物 Original plant | 基因功能 Gene function | 参考文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
结构基因 Structural gene | CHS | 铁皮石斛 Dendrobium officinale | 参与类黄酮的合成 Participate in the synthesis of flavonoids | 孟衡玲 等, |
OgCHS | 文心兰 Oncidium‘Honey Dollp’ | 瞬时表达产生花青素苷 Transient expression to produce anthocyanins | Liu et al., | |
PcCHS | 兜兰 Paphiopedilum concolor Pfitz | 对花瓣中的紫色斑点起着调控作用 It can regulate the purple spots in petals | 李冬梅 等, | |
CHS | 建兰‘龙福星蝶’Cymbidium ensifolium‘Longfuxingdie’ | 在红色区域表达,在黄绿色区域不表达 It is expressed in red area,but not in yellow green area | 李文建 等, | |
OgCHI | 文心兰 Oncidium Gower Ramsey | 使黄色唇瓣产生花青素苷 It makes the yellow lips produce anthocyanins | Chiou & Yeh, | |
CHI2 | 杂交石斛兰 Dendrobium Sirin classic | 低表达导致颜色强度很低 Low expression leads to faded color | Kriangphan et al., | |
Va-F3H1 | 万代兰 Vanda hybrid | 在白色品种中表达量非常低,在淡紫色品种中表达量较高 The expression is very low in white varieties,but high in light purple varieties | Junka et al., | |
F3H | 石斛兰 Dendrobium officinale | 其表达影响二氢黄酮醇含量,进而影响花青素苷的积累 The expression affected the content of dihydroflavonol,and then affect the accumulation of anthocyanins | Zhan et al., | |
DmF3′5′H | 念珠石斛 Dendrobium moniliforme | 使白色花被片产生了紫红色斑点 The white perianth produces purplish red spots | Whang et al., | |
F3′5′H | 蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis hybrid | 转基因植株花瓣颜色由粉红色变为红紫色 The petal color of transgenic plants changed from pink to red purple | Su & Hsu, | |
PhF3′H | 蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis | 在红色蝴蝶兰中的表达量远高于黄色蝴蝶兰 The expression level in red Phalaenopsis is much higher than that in yellow Phalaenopsis | 杨玉霞 等, | |
PsDFR | 蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis‘Everspring Fairy’ | 低表达导致花瓣和萼片ABP受阻,没有花色素合成 Low expression of ABP in petals and sepals resulted in inhibition of anthocyanin synthesis | Ma et al., | |
PeUFGT3 | 蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis | 在红色花色形成过程中起重要作用 It plays an important role in the formation of red flower | Chen et al., | |
CHS,DFR, ANS | 大花蕙兰 Cymbidium hybrida | 粉红色品种中的表达高于黄色、绿色品种 The expression in pink was higher than that in yellow and green | Wang et al., | |
ANS | 万代兰 Vanda hybrid | 白色的形成可能与其缺失有关 The formation of white may be related to the absence of ANS | Junka et al., | |
调控基因Regulatory gene | OgMYB1 | 文心兰 Oncidium Gower Ramsey | 激活OgCHI和OgDFR转录诱导红色色素的形成 Activation of OgCHI and OgDFR transcription induces red pigment formation | Chiou & Yeh, |
MYB | 蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis‘Everspring Fairy’ | 仅在紫色区域具有高表达,在白色区域没有表达 It is highly express only in the purple region,but not in the white region | Ma et al., | |
类型 Type | 基因名称 Gene name | 来源植物 Original plant | 基因功能 Gene function | 参考文献 Reference |
PeMYB2, PeMYB11, PeMYB12 | 小兰屿蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis equestris | 控制萼片和花瓣的底色、斑点和网纹 The color patterns of sepals and petals were controlled by the background,spots and reticulation | Hsu et al., | |
PeMYB11 | 蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis Yushan Little Pearl | 高表达产生紫黑色斑点 Purple black spots were produced by overexpression of PeMYB11 | Hsu et al., | |
PeMYB7 PeMYB11 | 蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis‘Panda’ | 正向调控PeF3H、PeF3'H和PeANS的表达 It promotes the expression of PeF3H,PeF3′H and PeANS | Zhao et al., | |
RcPAP1 RcPAP2 | 卡特兰 Cattleya hybrid‘KOVA’ | 使蝴蝶兰白色花被片变成了紫红色 It turns white perianth of Phalaenopsis to purplish red | Li et al., | |
MYBx1 | 蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis‘Big Chili.’ | 编码R3-MYB蛋白,抑制花青素苷的积累 It encodes R3-MYB protein and inhibits anthocyanin accumulation | Fu et al., | |
MYB10 | 四川独蒜兰 Pleione limprichtii | 调节PlFLS的表达,作为抑制花青素苷形成的阻遏物 It can regulate the expression of PlFLS as a repressor of anthocyanin formation | Zhang et al., | |
MYB10 | 蝴蝶石斛兰 Dendrobium phalaenopsis | 负调控DFR、ANS、F3H、F3′H的表达 It inhibits the expression of DFR,ANS,F3H and F3′H | 丁灵,2016 | |
CyMYB1 CybHLH1 CybHLH2 | 兰属 Cymbidium‘Mystique’ | 形成复合物可以激活CyDFR和CyANS The formation of complexes can activate CyDFR and CyANS | Nakatsuka et al., | |
DhMYB2 DhbHLH1 | 石斛杂交种 Dendrobium hybrids orchid | 调节DhF3H、DhDFR和DhANS,导致白色花瓣产生紫色斑点 Regulation of DhF3H,DhDFR and DhANS genes resulted in purple spots on white petals | Li et al., | |
bHLH, MYB | 大花蕙兰 Cymbidium hybrid‘Jung Frau dos Pueblos’ | 同时过表达可产生大量花青素苷 Overexpression of these two genes at the same time can produce a large amount of anthocyanins | Albert et al., | |
MYB4 bHLH1 | 蝴蝶石斛兰 Dendrobium phalaenopsis | bHLH1与MYB4形成互作的关系调控花青素苷生成 The interaction between bHLH1 and MYB4 formation regulates anthocyanin production | 丁灵,2016 |
Table 1 Anthocyanin biosynthesis related genes and their functions in orchids
类型 Type | 基因名称 Gene name | 来源植物 Original plant | 基因功能 Gene function | 参考文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
结构基因 Structural gene | CHS | 铁皮石斛 Dendrobium officinale | 参与类黄酮的合成 Participate in the synthesis of flavonoids | 孟衡玲 等, |
OgCHS | 文心兰 Oncidium‘Honey Dollp’ | 瞬时表达产生花青素苷 Transient expression to produce anthocyanins | Liu et al., | |
PcCHS | 兜兰 Paphiopedilum concolor Pfitz | 对花瓣中的紫色斑点起着调控作用 It can regulate the purple spots in petals | 李冬梅 等, | |
CHS | 建兰‘龙福星蝶’Cymbidium ensifolium‘Longfuxingdie’ | 在红色区域表达,在黄绿色区域不表达 It is expressed in red area,but not in yellow green area | 李文建 等, | |
OgCHI | 文心兰 Oncidium Gower Ramsey | 使黄色唇瓣产生花青素苷 It makes the yellow lips produce anthocyanins | Chiou & Yeh, | |
CHI2 | 杂交石斛兰 Dendrobium Sirin classic | 低表达导致颜色强度很低 Low expression leads to faded color | Kriangphan et al., | |
Va-F3H1 | 万代兰 Vanda hybrid | 在白色品种中表达量非常低,在淡紫色品种中表达量较高 The expression is very low in white varieties,but high in light purple varieties | Junka et al., | |
F3H | 石斛兰 Dendrobium officinale | 其表达影响二氢黄酮醇含量,进而影响花青素苷的积累 The expression affected the content of dihydroflavonol,and then affect the accumulation of anthocyanins | Zhan et al., | |
DmF3′5′H | 念珠石斛 Dendrobium moniliforme | 使白色花被片产生了紫红色斑点 The white perianth produces purplish red spots | Whang et al., | |
F3′5′H | 蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis hybrid | 转基因植株花瓣颜色由粉红色变为红紫色 The petal color of transgenic plants changed from pink to red purple | Su & Hsu, | |
PhF3′H | 蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis | 在红色蝴蝶兰中的表达量远高于黄色蝴蝶兰 The expression level in red Phalaenopsis is much higher than that in yellow Phalaenopsis | 杨玉霞 等, | |
PsDFR | 蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis‘Everspring Fairy’ | 低表达导致花瓣和萼片ABP受阻,没有花色素合成 Low expression of ABP in petals and sepals resulted in inhibition of anthocyanin synthesis | Ma et al., | |
PeUFGT3 | 蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis | 在红色花色形成过程中起重要作用 It plays an important role in the formation of red flower | Chen et al., | |
CHS,DFR, ANS | 大花蕙兰 Cymbidium hybrida | 粉红色品种中的表达高于黄色、绿色品种 The expression in pink was higher than that in yellow and green | Wang et al., | |
ANS | 万代兰 Vanda hybrid | 白色的形成可能与其缺失有关 The formation of white may be related to the absence of ANS | Junka et al., | |
调控基因Regulatory gene | OgMYB1 | 文心兰 Oncidium Gower Ramsey | 激活OgCHI和OgDFR转录诱导红色色素的形成 Activation of OgCHI and OgDFR transcription induces red pigment formation | Chiou & Yeh, |
MYB | 蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis‘Everspring Fairy’ | 仅在紫色区域具有高表达,在白色区域没有表达 It is highly express only in the purple region,but not in the white region | Ma et al., | |
类型 Type | 基因名称 Gene name | 来源植物 Original plant | 基因功能 Gene function | 参考文献 Reference |
PeMYB2, PeMYB11, PeMYB12 | 小兰屿蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis equestris | 控制萼片和花瓣的底色、斑点和网纹 The color patterns of sepals and petals were controlled by the background,spots and reticulation | Hsu et al., | |
PeMYB11 | 蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis Yushan Little Pearl | 高表达产生紫黑色斑点 Purple black spots were produced by overexpression of PeMYB11 | Hsu et al., | |
PeMYB7 PeMYB11 | 蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis‘Panda’ | 正向调控PeF3H、PeF3'H和PeANS的表达 It promotes the expression of PeF3H,PeF3′H and PeANS | Zhao et al., | |
RcPAP1 RcPAP2 | 卡特兰 Cattleya hybrid‘KOVA’ | 使蝴蝶兰白色花被片变成了紫红色 It turns white perianth of Phalaenopsis to purplish red | Li et al., | |
MYBx1 | 蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis‘Big Chili.’ | 编码R3-MYB蛋白,抑制花青素苷的积累 It encodes R3-MYB protein and inhibits anthocyanin accumulation | Fu et al., | |
MYB10 | 四川独蒜兰 Pleione limprichtii | 调节PlFLS的表达,作为抑制花青素苷形成的阻遏物 It can regulate the expression of PlFLS as a repressor of anthocyanin formation | Zhang et al., | |
MYB10 | 蝴蝶石斛兰 Dendrobium phalaenopsis | 负调控DFR、ANS、F3H、F3′H的表达 It inhibits the expression of DFR,ANS,F3H and F3′H | 丁灵,2016 | |
CyMYB1 CybHLH1 CybHLH2 | 兰属 Cymbidium‘Mystique’ | 形成复合物可以激活CyDFR和CyANS The formation of complexes can activate CyDFR and CyANS | Nakatsuka et al., | |
DhMYB2 DhbHLH1 | 石斛杂交种 Dendrobium hybrids orchid | 调节DhF3H、DhDFR和DhANS,导致白色花瓣产生紫色斑点 Regulation of DhF3H,DhDFR and DhANS genes resulted in purple spots on white petals | Li et al., | |
bHLH, MYB | 大花蕙兰 Cymbidium hybrid‘Jung Frau dos Pueblos’ | 同时过表达可产生大量花青素苷 Overexpression of these two genes at the same time can produce a large amount of anthocyanins | Albert et al., | |
MYB4 bHLH1 | 蝴蝶石斛兰 Dendrobium phalaenopsis | bHLH1与MYB4形成互作的关系调控花青素苷生成 The interaction between bHLH1 and MYB4 formation regulates anthocyanin production | 丁灵,2016 |
Fig. 2 Carotenoid biosynthesis pathway PSY:Phytoene synthase;PDS:Phytoene desaturase;ZDS:ζ-carotene desaturase;CRTISO:Carotenoid isomerase;LYCE:Lycopene ε-cyclase;LYCB:Lycopene β-cyclase;BCH:β-carotene hydroxylase,VDE:Violaxanthinde-epoxidase;ZEP:Zeaxanthin epoxidase;CCS:Capsanthin/Capsorubin synthase;NSY:Neoxanthin synthase.
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