Phenotype Classification Based on Flower Color,Pigment Distribution and Epidermal Cell Shape of Dendrobium Hybrids

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0406

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (10): 1907-1920.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0406

• Research Papers • Previous Articles Next Articles

Phenotype Classification Based on Flower Color,Pigment Distribution and Epidermal Cell Shape of Dendrobium Hybrids

YIN Hantai¹^,³^,⁴, YIN Junmei²^,⁴^,^*(), LIAO Yi³^,⁴, LU Shunjiao³^,⁴, LI Chonghui³^,⁴^,^*()

¹College of Horticulture,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China
²Haikou Experimental Station,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571101,China
³Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China,Ministry of Agriculture,Haikou 571101,China
⁴The Engineering Technology Research Center of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization,Danzhou,Hainan 571737,China

Received:2021-07-19 Revised:2021-09-02 Online:2021-10-25 Published:2021-11-01
Contact: YIN Junmei,LI Chonghui E-mail:yinjunmei2004@163.com;blchh@sina.com

Abstract

Abstract:

The color of petal and labellum of 107 Dendrobium hybrid cultivars were measured with a spectrophotometer for cluster analysis. The anatomical structure of petal and labellum obtained by tissue sections was observed to investigate the pigment distribution pattern, the difference of epidermal cell shape and their correlation with flower color phenotype. The results showed that,all cultivars were clustered to eight groups based on the cluster analysis of color description by the CIELab color system. The groups were white,pink,yellow green,purple red,light purple,purple,deep purple,and multicolor. The flower color of Dendrobium hybrids are not diverse,and mainly belong to purple tones. The color of labellum was darker and richer than that of petal. Observation of petals of 72 representative species showed that there were 13 anthocyanin distribution patterns. The wider the anthocyanin distribution was,the lightness of the flower color would decrease and the color would darken. Interestingly,the anthocyanoplasts（ACP）which can enhance the color intensity had been found in one cultivar. Carotenoids were widely distributed in various tissues of petal. There were five types of epidermal cells in the flowers（flat cells,domed epidermal cells,elongated dome cells,papillate cells,epidermal hair cells）. Usually,the upper epidermal cells were more conical than lower epidermis. The degree of cone in upper epidermal cells was greater in labellum than that in petal. The a^* value and the chroma C value were positively correlated with the height-to-width ratio of petal epidermal cells in cultivars rich in anthocyanins. The a^*value and the L^* value were positively correlated while the chroma C value was negatively correlated with the height-to-width ratio of petal epidermal cells in cultivars without anthocyanins. Furthermore, the conicity of flower epidermal cells containing carotenoid was significantly less than that of the group without carotenoids.

Key words: Dendrobium, flower color, phenotype classification, flower pigment distribution, epidermal cell shape, anthocyanin, carotenoid, cluster analysis

CLC Number:

S682.31

YIN Hantai, YIN Junmei, LIAO Yi, LU Shunjiao, LI Chonghui. Phenotype Classification Based on Flower Color,Pigment Distribution and Epidermal Cell Shape of Dendrobium Hybrids[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(10): 1907-1920.

Figures/Tables 10

References 37

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色系 Color group	颜色描述 Color description	品种数 Number	%	CIELab表色系统 CIELab coordinate					颜色指数CIRG
色系 Color group	颜色描述 Color description	品种数 Number	%	明度L^*	红度a^*	黄度b^*	彩度C	色相角h	颜色指数CIRG
白 White	白、淡粉白、淡紫白色 White,pale pinkish white,pale purplish white	16	15.0	71.68 ~ 87.08	-13.05 ~ 2.65	-2.88 ~ 24.64	1.41 ~ 27.50	-47.38 ~ 143.71	0.40 ~ 2.67
粉 Pink	浅粉色 Light pink	4	3.7	65.55 ~ 74.60	6.52 ~ 26.54	-0.60 ~ 3.42	6.54 ~ 26.63	-5.23 ~ 9.38	1.86 ~ 2.43
黄绿 Yellow green	黄、绿和黄绿色Yellow,green,yellowish green	11	10.2	69.40 ~ 79.49	-21.71 ~ -12.32	41.20 ~ 74.50	45.78 ~ 75.51	99.39 ~ 115.83	0.51 ~ 0.60
紫红 Purple red	暗紫红、深棕红、深蓝紫色 Dark purplish red, deep brownish red, deep bluish purple	9	8.4	14.30 ~ 36.30	5.41 ~ 23.13	-9.62 ~ 2.90	5.53 ~ 23.31	-45.29 ~ 8.09	3.24 ~ 8.19
浅紫 Light purple	浅紫色、浅红紫色 Light purple, light reddish purple	17	15.9	42.00 ~ 66.25	20.23 ~ 39.16	-27.54 ~-13.09	24.32 ~ 47.87	-37.17 ~-28.28	2.13 ~ 3.10
紫 Purple	紫、红紫色 Purple, reddish purple	8	7.5	24.06 ~ 46.49	48.47 ~ 56.99	-34.37 ~-23.83	58.47 ~ 65.45	-34.14 ~-24.05	2.02 ~ 2.47
深紫 Deep purple	深紫色、深红紫色 Deep purple, deep reddish purple	26	24.3	14.01 ~ 39.70	21.12 ~ 47.21	-27.97 ~-0.28	26.88 ~ 52.40	-43.95 ~-0.48	2.46 ~ 4.17
复色 Multicolor	存在明显两种或以上颜色 More than two distinct colors	16	15.0	31.72 ~ 83.17	-19.13 ~ 52.36	-32.12 ~ 52.73	3.99 ~ 61.42	-70.06 ~ 16.36	0.45 ~ 3.10

色系 Color group	颜色描述 Color description	品种数 Number	%	CIELab表色系统 CIELab coordinate					颜色指数CIRG
色系 Color group	颜色描述 Color description	品种数 Number	%	明度L^*	红度a^*	黄度b^*	彩度C	色相角h	颜色指数CIRG
白 White	白、淡粉白、淡紫白色 White,pale pinkish white,pale purplish white	16	15.0	71.68 ~ 87.08	-13.05 ~ 2.65	-2.88 ~ 24.64	1.41 ~ 27.50	-47.38 ~ 143.71	0.40 ~ 2.67
粉 Pink	浅粉色 Light pink	4	3.7	65.55 ~ 74.60	6.52 ~ 26.54	-0.60 ~ 3.42	6.54 ~ 26.63	-5.23 ~ 9.38	1.86 ~ 2.43
黄绿 Yellow green	黄、绿和黄绿色Yellow,green,yellowish green	11	10.2	69.40 ~ 79.49	-21.71 ~ -12.32	41.20 ~ 74.50	45.78 ~ 75.51	99.39 ~ 115.83	0.51 ~ 0.60
紫红 Purple red	暗紫红、深棕红、深蓝紫色 Dark purplish red, deep brownish red, deep bluish purple	9	8.4	14.30 ~ 36.30	5.41 ~ 23.13	-9.62 ~ 2.90	5.53 ~ 23.31	-45.29 ~ 8.09	3.24 ~ 8.19
浅紫 Light purple	浅紫色、浅红紫色 Light purple, light reddish purple	17	15.9	42.00 ~ 66.25	20.23 ~ 39.16	-27.54 ~-13.09	24.32 ~ 47.87	-37.17 ~-28.28	2.13 ~ 3.10
紫 Purple	紫、红紫色 Purple, reddish purple	8	7.5	24.06 ~ 46.49	48.47 ~ 56.99	-34.37 ~-23.83	58.47 ~ 65.45	-34.14 ~-24.05	2.02 ~ 2.47
深紫 Deep purple	深紫色、深红紫色 Deep purple, deep reddish purple	26	24.3	14.01 ~ 39.70	21.12 ~ 47.21	-27.97 ~-0.28	26.88 ~ 52.40	-43.95 ~-0.48	2.46 ~ 4.17
复色 Multicolor	存在明显两种或以上颜色 More than two distinct colors	16	15.0	31.72 ~ 83.17	-19.13 ~ 52.36	-32.12 ~ 52.73	3.99 ~ 61.42	-70.06 ~ 16.36	0.45 ~ 3.10

器官 Organ	明度 L^*	红度 a^*	黄度 b^*	彩度 C	色相角 h	颜色指数 CIRG
花瓣 Petal	49.47^**	19.47	-3.61	34.80	15.54	2.36
唇瓣 Labellum	44.28	20.31	-4.95	32.62	10.31	2.69^**

器官 Organ	明度 L^*	红度 a^*	黄度 b^*	彩度 C	色相角 h	颜色指数 CIRG
花瓣 Petal	49.47^**	19.47	-3.61	34.80	15.54	2.36
唇瓣 Labellum	44.28	20.31	-4.95	32.62	10.31	2.69^**

序号 Code	分布模式 Patterns	品种数（%） Number（%）	明度 L^*	红度 a^*	黄度 b^*	彩度 C^*	色相角 h	颜色指数 CIRG
Ⅰ	abcde,abcd,abde,bcde	18（25.0）	24.54 ± 7.02cC	26.34 ± 14.29aA	-10.18 ± 9.77bB	29.04 ± 15.84aA	-19.49 ± 15.8bB	4.27 ± 1.80aA
Ⅱ	abc,abd, abe,bcd	14（19.4）	46.67 ± 17.89bB	27.33 ± 20.42aA	-14.52±18.48bB	37.93 ± 15.51aA	-10.50 ± 53.9bB	2.37 ± 0.86bAB
Ⅲ	ab,bc, be,b	19（26.4）	61.20 ± 13.19bAB	19.48 ± 14.36aA	-7.71±14.12bB	25.73 ± 13.04aA	3.47 ± 57.53bB	2.09 ± 0.76bB
Ⅳ		21（29.2）	78.18 ± 6.13aA	-11.92 ± 6.84bB	29.11 ± 22.27aA	31.69 ± 22.96aA	118.05 ± 10.11aA	0.57 ± 0.07cC

Phenotype Classification Based on Flower Color,Pigment Distribution and Epidermal Cell Shape of Dendrobium Hybrids

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器官 Organ	部位 Position	细胞形态Cells shape
器官 Organ	部位 Position	高/μm Height	宽/μm Width	高宽比Height/width	夹角/°Included angle
花瓣 Petal	上表皮 Upper epidermis	28.19^**（5.91 ~ 59.57）	56.47（37.21 ~ 78.50）	0.49^**（0.13 ~ 0.93）	74.81（30.12 ~ 140.38）
花瓣 Petal	下表皮 Lower epidermis	15.97（5.27 ~ 31.18）	58.80^*（31.08 ~ 90.01）	0.27（0.09 ~ 0.48）	110.66^**（62.97 ~ 148.41）
唇瓣 Labellum	上表皮 Upper epidermis	30.35^**（9.57 ~ 52.05）	50.65（31.40 ~ 71.94）	0.60^**（0.20 ~ 1.05）	64.82（20.05 ~ 122.69）
唇瓣 Labellum	下表皮 Lower epidermis	14.34（7.20 ~ 30.86）	53.05（36.24 ~ 80.54）	0.27（0.12 ~ 0.67）	112.49^**（64.07 ~ 151.52）

器官 Organ	部位 Position	类胡萝卜素 Carotenoids	细胞形态Cells shape
器官 Organ	部位 Position	类胡萝卜素 Carotenoids	高/μm Height	宽/μm Width	高宽比 Height/width	夹角/° Included angle
花瓣Petal	上表皮Upper epidermis	有 Yes	16.65	49.78	0.33	98.21^**
	上表皮Upper epidermis	无 No	32.03^**	58.70^**	0.55^**	67.01
	下表皮Lower epidermis	有 Yes	10.16	52.13	0.20	123.16^**
	下表皮Lower epidermis	无 No	17.91^**	61.03^**	0.29^**	106.49
唇瓣Labellum	上表皮Upper epidermis	有 Yes	23.42	45.59	0.51	75.83^*
	上表皮Upper epidermis	无 No	32.66^**	52.00^**	0.64^**	61.15
	下表皮Lower epidermis	有 Yes	11.87	52.14	0.23	118.70
	下表皮Lower epidermis	无 No	15.16^**	53.35	0.29^*	110.42

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