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园艺学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (11): 2224-2238.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2019-0048

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

葱、芥菜和小麦轮作对老龄苹果园土壤环境的影响

王海燕1,盛月凡1,李前进2,王 玫1,潘凤兵1,陈学森1,沈 向1,尹承苗1,*,毛志泉1,*   

  1. 1山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,作物生物学国家重点试验室,山东泰安 271018;2洛川县苹果生产技术开发办公室,陕西洛川 727400
  • 出版日期:2019-11-25 发布日期:2019-11-25
  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-27);国家自然科学基金项目(31672104);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201114);山东省水果创新团队项目(SDAIT-06-07)

Effects of Allium fistulosum,Brassica juncea and Triticum aestivum Rotation on Soil Environment of Old Apple Orchard

WANG Haiyan1,SHENG Yuefan1,LI Qianjin2,WANG Mei1,PAN Fengbing1,CHEN Xuesen1,SHEN Xiang1,YIN Chengmiao1,*,and MAO Zhiquan1,*   

  1. 1College of Horticultural Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,Shandong 271018,China;2Luochuan County Apple Production Technology Development Office,Luochuan,Shaanxi 727400,China
  • Online:2019-11-25 Published:2019-11-25

摘要: 在山东省烟台市大沙岭、凤毛寨和湾头村等的25年生老苹果园中,在1年内进行葱、芥菜和小麦轮作,然后收集每个果园连作土壤和轮作后的土壤,并以溴甲烷熏蒸处理的连作土壤为高标对照,在盆栽试验条件下研究各处理土壤对平邑甜茶(苹果砧木)幼苗生长和土壤环境的影响。结果表明:与连作土壤相比,在3种植物轮作以后的土壤中,平邑甜茶幼苗的生物量显著提高,且地下部干、鲜质量可提高1 ~ 2倍;根系呼吸速率增长均超过1倍;同时,3个果园的轮作土壤中细菌数量分别增加148.47%、198.57%和165.44%,真菌降低45%左右,使得细菌/真菌比值提高了4倍;土壤酶活性提高,酚酸类物质含量大幅降低,根皮苷含量分别降低86.67%、46.12%和86.31%;此外,尖孢镰孢菌的拷贝数分别降低76.34%、49.22 %和70.89%。

关键词: 苹果, 轮作, 土壤, 平邑甜茶, 生物量, 微生物, 酚酸

Abstract: The experimental base was arranged in 25-year-old orchards of Dashaling,Fengmaozhai and Wantou Villages of Yantai City,Shandong Province. Allium fistulosum,Brassica juncea and Triticum aestivum was rotated in a year. Then the continuous planting soil and the soil after rotation in each region were transported back to pot experiment. The effects of different soil treatments on seedling growth and soil environment of Malus hupehensis Rehd.(apple rootstock)were studied under pot experiment conditions,and the alternately continuous planting soil treated with methyl bromide fumigation was used as a high standard control. The results showed that after alternately continuous planting of three kinds of plants,the biomass of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings increased significantly,and the fresh and dry weight of the lower part crop was increased by 1–2 times;the respiration rate of the root system was increased by more than 1 time and the bacteria was increased by 148.47%,198.57% and 165.44% in three apple orchards respectively. The fungi was reduced by 45%,which increased the bacterial/fungus ratio by a factor of 4;in addition,the soil of the seedlings enzyme activity increased;phenolic acids decreased to varying degrees,with the greatest reduction in phlorizin,which decreased by 86.67%,46.12%,and 86.31%,respectively. In addition,the copy number of F. oxysporum was also reduced by 76.34%,49.22%,and 70.89% respectively.

Key words: apple, Malus hupehensis, rotation, soil quality, biomass, microbes, phenolic acid

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