关键词: 苹果, 矮化砧木, 嫁接苗, 苗床, 苗圃, 生根率, 生产量

Abstract: Established experimental stool beds and nursery to study the cultivation conditions for efficient propagation of dwarf rootstock liners and dwarf apple trees，respectively. The propagation efficiencies of dwarf rootstock liners were evaluated in three replicates in stool beds with six different cultivars，three different mounding materials and four different mounding times. In parallel，the propagation efficiency of dwarf apple trees was investigated in nursery with four different planting densities and two budding times. We evaluated the rooting rate，liners productivity，budding survival rate， number of branches，trunk diameter and grafted trees productivity of the tested material. In the stool bed experiment，we observed that the rooting rate and productivity of rootstock mounded by sawdust were respectively 87.33% and 124 854 plants per hectare，significantly higher than those mounded by soil and mushroom residues；And the rooting rates and productivities of rootstock mounded on June 1st and July 1st respectively reached 80.33% and 87.33%，and 121 172 and 124 854 plants per hectare，significantly better than that mounted on May 1st and August 1st. The dwarf rootstocks ofG41，M9，Pajam1 and T337 in sawdust showed stronger rooting abilities（above 80%），better than Pajam2 and M26. In the nursery experiment，we observed that highly feathered finished trees with the planting densities of 75 000 and 90 000 liners per hectare produced 65 110 and 68 670 trees respectively，significantly better than what were produced from the planting densities of 60 000 and 105 000 liners per hectare. We also observed that the number of branches, stem diameter，and yield of finished tree budded in fall were respectively 11.44， 13.77 mm，and 68 670 liners per hectare，all better than the corresponding parameters from the trees budded in spring. From these results，we concluded that dwarf apple trees and dwarf rootstock liners should be propagated with mother plants mounded by sawdust during June 1st to July 1st；G41，M9，Pajam1 and T337 should be selected as mother liners；And the planting densities of liners in nursery should be from 75 000 to 90 000 liners per hectare. In addition，scion budding time should be done in fall，and then 65 110 to 68 670 grafted trees per hectare can be ready for planting in orchard next year.

Key words: apple, dwarf rootstock, grafted tree, nursery, productivity, rooting rate, stool beds