矮化中间砧SC1对苹果光合特性及果实品质的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0143

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以山西省阳曲县15年生的红嘎拉/八棱海棠和晋富4号/八棱海棠为对照，红嘎拉/SC1/八棱海棠和晋富4号/SC1/八棱海棠为处理，研究矮化中间砧SC1对苹果叶片光合调控特性及果实品质的影响。结果表明：SC1矮化中间砧显著上调了叶片的光能捕获效率F_v′/F_m′、吸收光能用于光化学电子传递的分配比例q_P、量子效率Φ_CO2以及光系统Ⅱ的实际光化学量子效率Φ_PSII，同时显著下调了吸收光能用于热耗散的分配比例q_N；叶片最大净光合速率P_nmax,P、可利用光强范围I_u和磷酸丙糖供给速率V_tpu显著提高，而光合叶肉限制L_M、光下暗呼吸的CO₂补偿点Γ^*以及米氏常数K_c和K_o显著降低；SC1显著提高了果皮的着色面积和红度值，红嘎拉提高了13.7%和43.2%，晋富4号提高了42.5%和37.6%；SC1使红嘎拉和晋富4号的果肉可溶性固形物含量分别由无中间砧对照的14.1%和14.9%提高到15.2%和15.9%，果皮总酚含量提高了72.2%（红嘎拉）和66.9%（晋富4号），果肉总酚含量提高了84.4%（红嘎拉）和45.4%（晋富4号）。综上，SC1矮化中间砧通过提高叶片对光能的捕获和利用效率以及光能分配于电子传递的比例，降低光合叶肉限制，促进叶片生化反应，从而提高叶片的光合速率和光合能力，提升果实品质。

关键词: 苹果, 矮化中间砧, 光合调控, 叶肉限制, 果实品质

Abstract:

The current study aims to investigate the influences of dwarfing intermediate stock SC1 on apple photosynthetic regulation characteristics and fruit quality. By using 15-year-old‘Honggala’and ‘Jinfu 4’grafted on Malus robusta rootstock（BLHT）（as two controls）and SC1 grafted on controls（as two treatments）as materials，the fluorescence quenching dynamics，the responses of leaf net photosynthetic rate（P_n）to photosynthetically active radiation（PAR）and leaf P_n to intercellular CO₂ concentration（C_i）as well as fruit quality indices of‘Honggala’and‘Jinfu 4’were measured and compared. Results showed that，in comparison with Honggala/BLHT and Jinfu 4/BLHT，the application of SC1 improved the capture efficiency of light energy（F_v′/F_m′），photochemical quenching coefficient（q_P），quantum efficiency（Φ_CO2）and actual PSⅡ efficiency under irradiance（Φ_PSII）of both the two scion cultivars. Meanwhile，the SC1 application suppressed the non-photochemical quenching coefficient（q_N）in Honggala and Jinfu 4. The leaf maximum net photosynthetic rate（P_nmax,P），light utilization range（I_u）and supplying rate of triose phosphate（V_tpu）of Honggala/SC1/BLHT and Jinfu 4/SC1/BLHT were also found to be significantly higher than those of Honggala/BLHT and Jinfu 4/BLHT. Besides，photosynthetic mesophyll limitations（L_M），CO₂ compensation point of dark respiration under light（Γ^*）and Michaelis constant of Rubisco to CO₂（K_c）and to O₂（K_o）were decreased significantly in Honggala/SC1/BLHT and Jinfu 4/SC1/BLHT than in Honggala/BLHT and Jinfu 4/BLHT. The application of SC1 also influenced greatly the fruit quality indices of Honggala and Jinfu 4. The coloring area and value of red chromaticity in peel were increased significantly in Honggala/SC1/BLHT than in Honggala/BLHT（by 13.7% and 43.2%）and in Jinfu 4/SC1/BLHT than in Jinfu 4/BLHT（by 42.5% and 37.6%）. The soluble solids content in flesh （increased from 14.1% to 15.2% in Honggala and from 14.9% to 15.9% in Jinfu 4）and total phenolic compounds content in peel and in flesh（by 66.9%-72.2% and 45.4%-84.4%，respectively）were increased significantly in fruits of Honggala/SC1/BLHT and Jinfu 4/SC1/BLHT compared to Honggala/BLHT and Jinfu 4/BLHT. Based on the result obtained in this study，it can be concluded that the application of dwarfing intermediate stock can alter the capture，partitioning and utilization efficiencies of light energy in apple leaves，decrease photosynthetic mesophyll limitation，enhance leaf biochemical reaction and photosynthetic rate，and finally lead to improved leaf photosynthetic capacity and boosted fruit quality.

Key words: apple, dwarfing intermediate stock, photosynthetic regulation, mesophyll limitation, fruit quality

林琭, 蔚露, 谢鹏, 李志强, 王红宁, 赵国平, 牛自勉. 矮化中间砧SC1对苹果光合特性及果实品质的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(12): 2871-2885.

LIN Lu, YU Lu, XIE Peng, LI Zhiqiang, WANG Hongning, ZHAO Guoping, NIU Zimian. Influences of Dwarfing Intermediate Stock SC1 on Apple Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fruit Quality[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(12): 2871-2885.

图/表 8

图1 苹果红嘎拉（Honggala）、晋富4号（Jinfu 4）/SC1/八棱海棠（BLHT）砧穗组合叶片荧光淬灭过程中各参数的动力学曲线不同字母表示两种砧穗组合之间差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同。

Fig. 1 Kinetic curves of the parameters of Honggala/SC1/BLHT，Honggala/BLHT，Jinfu 4/SC1/BLHT and Jinfu 4/BLHT during fluorescence quenching The lowercases letters represent significant difference at 0.05 level between the two rootstock-scion combinations. The same below.

图2 苹果红嘎拉（Honggala）、晋富4号（Jinfu 4）/SC1/八棱海棠（BLHT）砧穗组合叶片净光合速率（Pn）对光合有效辐射（PAR）的响应曲线

Fig. 2 Response curves of leaf net photosynthetic rate（Pn）to photosynthetically active radiation（PAR）of Honggala/SC1/BLHT，Honggala/BLHT，Jinfu 4/SC1/BLHT and Jinfu 4/BLHT

表1 苹果红嘎拉（Honggala）、晋富4号（Jinfu 4）/SC1/八棱海棠（BLHT）砧穗组合叶片Pn-PAR响应曲线的特征参数

Table 1 Characteristic parameters derived from leaf Pn-PAR response curves of Honggala/SC1/BLHT，Honggala/BLHT，Jinfu 4/SC1/BLHT and Jinfu 4/BLHT

砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion combination	μmol · m^-2 · s^-1
砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion combination	P_nmax,P	I_s	I_c	I_u	R_d	ɛ	θ
Honggala/SC1/BLHT	22.53 ± 1.62 a	1 525 ± 78 a	31 ± 5 ab	1 494 ± 74 a	2.50 ± 0.56 a	0.042 ± 0.002 b	1.11 ± 0.22 a
Honggala/BLHT	17.19 ± 0.58 b	1 134 ± 79 b	35 ± 7 ab	1 099 ± 83 b	2.92 ± 0.71 a	0.038 ± 0.007 b	1.01 ± 0.25 a
Jinfu 4/SC1/BLHT	24.32 ± 1.40 a	1 432 ± 50 a	26 ± 3 b	1 406 ± 49 a	2.05 ± 0.66 a	0.058 ± 0.009 a	1.37 ± 0.22 a
Jinfu 4/BLHT	18.78 ± 1.90 b	1 295 ± 42 c	42 ± 10 a	1 253 ± 44 c	2.55 ± 0.52 a	0.038 ± 0.006 b	1.25 ± 0.20 a

图3 苹果红嘎拉（Honggala）、晋富4号（Jinfu 4）/SC1/八棱海棠（BLHT）砧穗组合叶片净光合速率（Pn）对胞间CO2浓度（Ci）的响应曲线

Fig. 3 Response curves of leaf net photosynthetic rate（Pn）to intercellular CO2 concentration（Ci）of Honggala/SC1/BLHT，Honggala/BLHT，Jinfu 4/SC1/BLHT and Jinfu 4/BLHT

表2 苹果红嘎拉（Honggala）、晋富4号（Jinfu 4）/SC1/八棱海棠（BLHT）砧穗组合叶片Pn-Ci响应曲线的特征参数

Table 2 Characteristic parameters derived from Pn-Ci response curves of leaves of Honggala/SC1/BLHT，Honggala/BLHT，Jinfu 4/SC1/BLHT and Jinfu 4/BLHT

砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion combination	g_m/ （mol · m^-2 · s^-1）	V_cmax/ （μmol · m^-2 · s^-1）	J_max/ （μmol · m^-2 · s^-1）	V_tpu/ （μmol · m^-2 · s ^-1）	Γ^*/ （μmol · mol^-1）	K_c/ （μmol · mol^-1）	K_o/ （mmol · mol^-1）
Honggala/SC1/BLHT	0.181 ± 0.021 a	158.98 ± 7.79 a	171.34 ± 9.53 a	19.31 ± 0.34 a	54.9 ± 0.8 b	1088 ± 30 bc	435 ± 5 b
Honggala/BLHT	0.130 ± 0.006 b	156.06 ± 7.16 a	173.09 ± 6.82 a	15.46 ± 0.35 c	59.0 ± 1.5 a	1244 ± 57 a	462 ± 10 a
Jinfu 4/SC1/BLHT	0.151 ± 0.024 ab	136.35 ± 4.86 b	142.32 ± 9.24 b	17.94 ± 0.83 b	51.8 ± 2.0 c	982 ± 71 c	414 ± 14 c
Jinfu 4/BLHT	0.053 ± 0.014 c	119.62 ± 6.42 c	123.35 ± 6.30 c	14.34 ± 0.51 d	55.5 ± 1.8 b	1109 ± 66 b	439 ± 12 b

图4 苹果红嘎拉（Honggala）、晋富4号（Jinfu 4）/SC1/八棱海棠（BLHT）砧穗组合叶片光合速率的气孔限制（LS）、叶肉限制（LM）和生化限制（LB）差异不同字母表示同一限制因子内不同砧穗组合之间差异显著（P < 0.05）。

Fig. 4 Differences in stomatal limitation（LS），mesophyll limitation（LM）and biochemical limitation（LB）of leaf photosynthetic rate of Honggala/SC1/BLHT，Honggala/BLHT，Jinfu 4/SC1/BLHT and Jinfu 4/BLHT Different letters meant significant difference at 0.05 level in the same limitation factor among different rootstock-scion combinations.

表3 苹果红嘎拉（Honggala）、晋富4号（Jinfu 4）/SC1/八棱海棠（BLHT）砧穗组合的果实品质差异

Table 3 Differences in fruit qualities of Honggala/SC1/BLHT，Honggala/BLHT，Jinfu 4/SC1/BLHT and Jinfu 4/BLHT

砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion conbination	果皮着色面积/% Coloring area in peel	果皮红度值 Value of red Chromaticity in peel	单果质量/g Single fruit weight	果形指数 Fruit shape index	果肉硬度/ （kg · cm^-2） Fruit flesh firmness	果肉可溶性固形物/% Soluble solids in flesh
Honggala/SC1/BLHT	98.7 ± 0.61 a	64.0 ± 1.24 a	209.5 ± 9.1 b	0.92 ± 0.095 a	7.02 ± 0.13 b	15.2 ± 0.25 b
Honggala/BLHT	86.8 ± 3.82 b	44.7 ± 6.25 bc	213.7 ± 10.2 b	0.91 ± 0.090 a	6.70 ± 0.11 c	14.1 ± 0.30 c
Jinfu 4/SC1/BLHT	96.2 ± 2.41 ab	50.5 ± 1.43 b	239.1 ± 13.4 a	0.89 ± 0.079 a	7.55 ± 0.18 a	15.9 ± 0.26 a
Jinfu 4/BLHT	67.5 ± 5.40 c	36.7 ± 5.72 c	242.0 ± 12.8 a	0.89 ± 0.086 a	7.41 ± 0.16 a	14.9 ± 0.33 b
砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion conbination	果肉可滴定酸/% Titratable acid in flesh	果皮叶绿素/ （μg · g^-1FW） Chlorophyll in peel	果皮花色苷/ （OD · mL · kg^-1FW） Anthocyanin in peel	果皮总酚/ （mg · kg^-1 FW） Total phenolic in peel	果肉总酚/ （mg · kg^-1 FW） Total phenolic in flesh
Honggala/SC1/BLHT	0.26 ± 0.029 a	8.13 ± 1.86 c	35.85 ± 2.41 a	633.37 ± 2.77 a	230.95 ± 3.33 a
Honggala/BLHT	0.24 ± 0.023 a	21.45 ± 3.12 a	13.17 ± 1.82 c	367.79 ± 9.00 b	125.25 ± 5.00 c
Jinfu 4/SC1/BLHT	0.27 ± 0.030 a	7.20 ± 1.77 c	30.04 ± 2.10 b	638.85 ± 13.26 a	161.25 ± 1.67 b
Jinfu 4/BLHT	0.24 ± 0.021 a	12.94 ± 2.26 b	11.83 ± 1.68 c	382.82 ± 9.84 b	110.91 ± 1.73 d

图5 红嘎拉/SC1/八棱海棠（A）、红嘎拉/八棱海棠（B）、晋富4号/SC1/八棱海棠（C）和晋富4号/八棱海棠（D）的果实照片

Fig. 5 Fruit photos of Honggala/SC1/BLHT（A），Honggala/BLHT（B），Jinfu 4/SC1/BLHT（C）and Jinfu 4/BLHT（D）

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