‘烟富3’苹果不同砧木嫁接对其15N–尿素吸收利用的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0579

园艺学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (8): 1868-1880.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0579

‘烟富3’苹果不同砧木嫁接对其15N–尿素吸收利用的影响

李旭娇¹, 吕齐³, 姚东东¹, 赵丰云¹, 王小非²^,^*(), 于坤¹^,^*()

¹ 石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团特色果蔬栽培生理与种质资源利用兵团重点实验室，新疆石河子 832000
² 山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院，作物生物学国家重点试验室，山东果蔬优质高效生产协同创新中心，山东泰安 271018
³ 新疆农业职业技术学院，新疆昌吉 831100

收稿日期:2024-04-09 修回日期:2024-06-21 出版日期:2024-08-25 发布日期:2024-08-21
通讯作者:
^*E-mail：yukun410@163.com，
xfwang1004@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31760550); 新疆生产建设兵团两区建设项目(2021BB023); 新疆生产建设兵团科技研究计划项目(2022DB002); 新疆生产建设兵团财政科技计划项目(2021AB003); 八师石河子市中青年科技创新骨干人才项目(CXPY201914); 八师石河子市中青年科技创新骨干人才项目(2022RC01); 兵团“强青”科技创新骨干人才计划项目(2023CB008-05); 新疆维吾尔自治区苹果产业技术体系项目(XJLGCYJSTX04-2024); 石河子大学科研计划项目(CXBJ202002); 石河子大学科研计划项目(CXFZ202016)

Effect of‘Yanfu 3’Apple Grafted with Different Rootstocks on Absorption and Utilization of ¹⁵N-urea

LI Xujiao¹, LÜ Qi³, YAO Dongdong¹, ZHAO Fengyun¹, WANG Xiaofei²^,^*(), YU Kun¹^,^*()

¹ Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps，Agricultural College，Shihezi University，Shihezi，Xinjiang 832000，China
² Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency，State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology，College of Horticulture Science and Engineering，Shandong Agricultural University，Tai’an，Shandong 271018，China
³ Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational and Technical College，Changji，Xinjiang 831100，China

Received:2024-04-09 Revised:2024-06-21 Published:2024-08-25 Online:2024-08-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新疆地区土壤盐碱化严重，有机质含量少，不合适的砧木嫁接经常导致苹果树体黄化，长势衰弱。以八棱海棠（Malus micromalus Makino）、平邑甜茶（M. hupehensis Rehd.）和新疆野苹果[M. sievesii（Ledeb.）Roemer]3种砧木嫁接‘烟富3’苹果，采用¹⁵N同位素示踪技术，研究在施加穴贮砖条件下各嫁接组合生物量、根系形态（根长、根表面积、根体积）、¹⁵N吸收利用及土壤残留的差异。总体上，不同砧木的生物量为八棱海棠 > 平邑甜茶 > 新疆野苹果，根冠比则为新疆野苹果 > 平邑甜茶 > 八棱海棠，3个土层深度的根系形态均为八棱海棠 > 平邑甜茶 > 新疆野苹果；八棱海棠在叶中的Ndff值、¹⁵N分配率最大，并且植株总氮量、¹⁵N的吸收量和¹⁵N利用效率最大，而新疆野苹果在根部的Ndff值和¹⁵N分配率最大；从土壤¹⁵N的累积量来看，3种砧木在0 ~ 45 cm土层¹⁵N的累积量表现为新疆野苹果 > 平邑甜茶 > 八棱海棠。综上，3种砧木中，八棱海棠嫁接植株生长量最大，植株总氮量和植株¹⁵N利用效率最大，对新疆地区的盐碱土壤有较好的适应性。

关键词: 苹果, 砧木, 氮素吸收利用, 果树穴贮砖

Abstract:

Soils in Xinjiang are highly saline and poor in organic matter，with unsuitable rootstock grafting leading to yellowing and weakening of apple trees.‘Yanfu 3’apple grafted on Malus micromalus Makino，M. hupehensis Rehd.，and M. sievesii（Ledeb.）Roemer as test materials. The ¹⁵N isotope tracer technique was used to conduct the variations in biomass，root morphology（root length，root surface area，and root volume），¹⁵N uptake and utilisation，and soil residues among the grafting combination in using fruit tree hole storage bricks. As a whole，the biomass levels were in the order of M. micromalus Makino > M. hupehensis Rehd. > M. sievesii （Ledeb.）Roemer；the root-to-crown ratio was in the order of M. sieversii（Ledeb.）Roemer. > M. hupehensis Rehd. > M. micromalus Makino；the root morphologyof the three soil depths was in the order of M. micromalus Makino > M. hupehensis Rehd. > M. sieversii（Ledeb.）Roemer. M. micromalus Makino had the maximum Ndff and ¹⁵N partitioning in leaves，while M. sieversii（Ledeb.）Roemer had the maximum Ndff and ¹⁵N partitioning in roots. M. micromalus Makino were of maximum values in total plant N，¹⁵N uptake and ¹⁵N utilisation. In terms of soil ¹⁵N accumulation，the three rootstocks in the 0-45 cm soil layer showed the accumulation of ¹⁵N as M. sieversii（Ledeb.）Roemer > M. hupehensis Rehd. > M. micromalus Makino. In conclusion，among the three rootstocks，grafted plants of M. micromalus Makino had the greatest plant growth，greatest total plant N and plant¹⁵N use efficiency，with less soil residue adapted to the saline soils in the Xinjiang region.

Key words: apple, rootstock, nitrogen absorption and utilization, fruit tree hole storage brick

李旭娇, 吕齐, 姚东东, 赵丰云, 王小非, 于坤. ‘烟富3’苹果不同砧木嫁接对其15N–尿素吸收利用的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(8): 1868-1880.

LI Xujiao, LÜ Qi, YAO Dongdong, ZHAO Fengyun, WANG Xiaofei, YU Kun. Effect of‘Yanfu 3’Apple Grafted with Different Rootstocks on Absorption and Utilization of ¹⁵N-urea[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(8): 1868-1880.

图/表 8

图1 不同砧木嫁接的‘烟富3’苹果穴贮砖示意图

Fig. 1 Diagram of‘Yanfu 3’apple grafted with different rootstocks with hole storage brick

表1 不同砧木嫁接的‘烟富3’苹果生物量和根冠比

Table 1 Biomass and root-shoot ratio of‘Yanfu 3’apple grafted with different rootstocks

砧木 Rootstock	地下部干物质量/g Underground biomass	地上部干物质量/g Aboveground biomass	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio	总生物量/g Total biomass
新疆野苹果Malus sievesii	28.01 ± 0.80 b	67.42 ± 0.91 c	0.42 ± 0.02 a	95.43 ± 0.40 c
八棱海棠M. micromalus	32.39 ± 0.96 a	96.53 ± 2.61 a	0.34 ± 0.01 b	128.90 ± 3.47 a
平邑甜茶M. hupehensis	30.45 ± 0.66 ab	80.29 ± 3.76 b	0.38 ± 0.02 ab	110.70 ± 3.63 b

图2 不同砧木嫁接的‘烟富3’苹果根系生长和分布不同小写字母表示差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同。

Fig. 2 Root growth and distribution of‘Yanfu 3’apple grafted with different rootstocks Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences（P < 0.05）. The same below.

表2 不同砧木对‘烟富3’苹果各器官的Ndff值（%）的影响

Table 2 Effects of different rootstocks on Ndff（%）values of various organs of apple‘Yanfu 3’

砧木 Rootstock	根 Root	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf
新疆野苹果Malus sievesii	8.02 ± 0.01 a	6.37 ± 0.32 b	5.96 ± 0.05 b
八棱海棠M. micromalus	6.64 ± 0.06 b	7.27 ± 0.19 a	8.75 ± 0.05 a
平邑甜茶M.hupehensis	6.63 ± 0.01 b	6.85 ± 0.03 ab	8.66 ± 0.01 a

图3 不同砧木嫁接的‘烟富3’苹果的15N分配率

Fig. 3 15N distribution rate of‘Yanfu3’apples grafted with different rootstocks

图4 不同砧木嫁接的‘烟富3’苹果的尿素N利用率

Fig. 4 Urea N utilization of‘Yanfu 3’apples grafted with different rootstocks

图5 不同砧木嫁接的‘烟富3’苹果15N土壤残留量

Fig. 5 15N soil residue of‘Yanfu 3’apples grafted with different rootstocks

图6 N素吸收利用及土壤残留与根系生长的相关性 NR为根系的Ndff，RV为根体积，RL为根长，RS为根表面积，NS为茎的Ndff，NL为叶的Ndff，STN为土壤中15N含量，PTN为植株总15N含量，PTRN为植株15N利用效率。*、**和***分别表示在0.05、0.01和0.001水平显著相关。红颜色表示正相关，蓝颜色表示负相关。圆圈越大表示相关性越强，越小表示相关性越弱。

Fig. 6 Correlation between N absorption and utilization，soil residue and root grow NR is the Ndff of roots，RV is the root volume，RL is the root length，RS is the root surface area，NS is the Ndff of stems，NL is the Ndff in leaves，STN is the 15N content in soil，PTN is the total 15N content of plants，and PTRN is the utilization efficiency of 15N plants. *，** and *** indicate a significant association at the 0.05，0.01 and 0.001 level，respectively. The red color indicates a positive correlation and the blue color indicates a negative correlation. A larger circle indicates a stronger correlation，and a smaller circle indicates a weaker correlation.

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‘烟富3’苹果不同砧木嫁接对其15N–尿素吸收利用的影响

Effect of‘Yanfu 3’Apple Grafted with Different Rootstocks on Absorption and Utilization of ¹⁵N-urea

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‘烟富3’苹果不同砧木嫁接对其15N–尿素吸收利用的影响

Effect of‘Yanfu 3’Apple Grafted with Different Rootstocks on Absorption and Utilization of 15N-urea

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Effect of‘Yanfu 3’Apple Grafted with Different Rootstocks on Absorption and Utilization of ¹⁵N-urea

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