与呼吸跃变型果实共贮藏改善柑橘果实色泽和品质

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-1203

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选择9种常见园艺果实分别与纽荷尔脐橙果实进行采后共贮藏，结果表明：与呼吸跃变型果实（香梨、猕猴桃、番茄、香蕉）共贮藏（storage with climacteric fruits，SWCF）处理可以显著促进纽荷尔脐橙果皮转红，其中香梨的效果最佳。高效液相色谱分析显示，SWCF处理促进纽荷尔脐橙果皮总类胡萝卜素、β-柠乌素、β-隐黄质和紫黄质含量增加3倍左右。其中，β-柠乌素的积累是SWCF处理促进柑橘果皮转红的主要原因。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示，SWCF处理显著激活了类胡萝卜素代谢基因的表达，特别是类胡萝卜素裂解双加氧酶4b基因（Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4b，CsCCD4b）最大被激活了约20倍，这是SWCF处理促进β-柠乌素积累的直接原因。进一步研究发现，SWCF处理改善果皮色泽对各品种柑橘具有普遍性。此外，与乙烯处理相比，SWCF处理显著降低了柑橘果蒂衰老率、失重率以及果皮蜡质的降解，增加了果实挥发性物质的含量。SWCF处理为绿色高效改善柑橘果实外观品质提供了新思路。

关键词: 柑橘, 呼吸跃变型果实, 生物处理, 果皮色泽, 果实品质, 采后贮藏处理

Abstract:

Nine common horticultural fruits were selected for postharvest co-storage with citrus fruits，respectively. The results showed that storage with climacteric fruits（fragrant pear，kiwifruit，tomato，and banana）significantly promoting the citrus peel redden，especially storage with fragrant pear. High performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）analysis revealed that storage with climacteric fruits（SWCF）stimulated an approximately 3-fold increase in the content of total carotenoid，β-citraurin，β-cryptoxanthin，and violaxanthin. Especially，the accumulation of β-citraurin mainly responsible for SWCF-induced citrus peel redden. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR（qRT-PCR）results showed that SWCF dramatically activated the expressions of carotenogenic genes，among which，carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4b（CsCCD4b）transcript was enhanced about 20 folds，thereby directly resulting in β-citraurin accumulation. Furthermore，SWCF treatment has wide applicability in promoting citrus peel coloration. In addition，SWCF obviously maintained the storage performances of citrus fruit by alleviating the calyx senescence，weight loss，and wax degradation than ethylene treatment. Moreover，the contents of volatile substances in SWCF-treated fruit were higher than control and ethylene treatments. SWCF provides a new idea for green and efficient improvement of citrus fruit quality.

Key words: citrus, climacteric fruits, biological treatment, peel coloration, fruit quality, postharvest storage treatment

孙权, 何政辰, 叶俊丽, 魏冉冉, 尹映紫, 柴利军, 谢宗周, 徐强, 徐娟, 郭文武, 程运江, 邓秀新. 与呼吸跃变型果实共贮藏改善柑橘果实色泽和品质[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(3): 601-615.

SUN Quan, HE Zhengchen, YE Junli, WEI Ranran, YIN Yingzi, CHAI Lijun, XIE Zongzhou, XU Qiang, XU Juan, GUO Wenwu, CHENG Yunjiang, DENG Xiuxin. Storage with Climacteric Fruits Improves Color and Quality of Citrus Fruit[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(3): 601-615.

图/表 10

表1 9种园艺作物果实乙烯释放速率

Table 1 Ethylene release rate from fruit of nine horticultural crops

类型 Type	物种 Species	品种 Cultivar	乙烯释放速率/ （μg · kg^-1 · h^-1）	来源地 Origin
呼吸跃变型 Climacteric	香梨 Korla pear	库尔勒香梨 Korla	18.25	新疆 Xinjiang
	猕猴桃 Kiwifruit	翠香猕猴桃Cuixiang	70.05	陕西 Shaanxi
	番茄Tomato	奥美拉番茄 Omega	18.16	湖北 Hubei
	香蕉 Banana	巴西蕉 Cavendish	8.85	海南 Hainan
非呼吸跃变型 Non-climacteric	鸭梨 Yali pear	冠县鸭梨 Guanxian Yali	2.42	山东 Shandong
	草莓 Strawberry	宁玉草莓Ningyu	1.32	江苏 Jiangsu
	枣 Jujube	阜平大枣Fuping Dazao	1.55	河北 Hebei
	葡萄 Grape	巨峰葡萄 Kyoho	0.87	山东 Shandong
	枇杷 Loquat	白玉枇杷 Baiyu	2.34	江苏 Jiangsu

表2 qRT-PCR分析所用引物序列

Table 2 Sequences of primers used in qRT-PCR analysis

用途 Usage	基因名 Gene name	正向引物序列（5′-3′） Forward primer sequence	反向引物序列（5′-3′） Reverse primer sequence
内参 Reference gene	ACTIN	CCAAGCAGCATGAAGATCAA	ATCTGCTGGAAGGTGCTGAG
类胡萝卜素代谢 Carotenoid metabolism	CsPSY	CCCGGACTGCTGTGTTTAAT	GAGCAAGGATGCCTCAAATC
	CsPDS	ATAATTGGCGGACAGGCATA	CCTCTGTCGTCACTCGATCA
	CsHYD	TTTGGGATGGCCTACATGTTC	GGCACGTCGGCAATGG
	CsZEP	GAAGCAATTCTTCGACGTGACA	ACCGAGTCCCCAAGCAAAGT
	CsCCD4b	CAGCAAGAAATTTGGAGTTG	CGTAAAATCTTCTTGAGAC
	CsNCED2	GCCCAACAAATCCTTGAAAGTAGA	GGGTAAGGCTGTTTAGGGAAATG
蜡质代谢 Wax metabolism	CsCER1	TCGCTATTTATGCCAATTTATG	TGATTCTTCTTCTTCTTCACCTGAT
	CsCER2	GGCCCTGGAGTCGTGACA	CGATGCCGTCTCGTTTTCTC
	CsCER3	CAAGCAGCTCAACATTCCAA	ATCGTCAGGGAATCTCATGG
	CsCER4	TTGATATGGTGGTGAATGCTATGA	TTGATATGGTGGTGAATGCTATGA

图1 与呼吸跃变型果实共贮藏（SWCF）和与非呼吸跃变型果实共贮藏（SWNCF）的纽荷尔脐橙果皮色泽（A）和色差值（B）的变化 n.s.：不显著；** P < 0.01。下同。

Fig. 1 Effects of SWCF and SWNCF treatments on the peel color（A）and CCI value（B）of‘Newhall’navel orange fruit n.s.：Not significant；** P < 0.01. The same below.

图2 不同生物材料与柑橘果实共贮藏环境中的乙烯释放速率

Fig. 2 The ethylene released rate in co-storage environments of different biomaterials and citrus fruits

图3 与呼吸跃变型香梨共贮藏（SWCF）的不同品种柑橘果皮色泽（A）和色差值（B）的变化

Fig. 3 Effects of the SWCF fragment pear treatment on the peel color（A）and CCI value（B）of various citrus fruits

图4 与呼吸跃变型果实共贮藏（SWCF）和与非呼吸跃变型果实共贮藏（SWNCF）的纽荷尔脐橙果皮类胡萝卜素含量的变化 * P < 0.05。下同。

Fig. 4 Effects of SWCF and SWNCF on the carotenoids content in‘Newhall’navel orange peel * P < 0.05. The same below.

图5 与呼吸跃变型果实共贮藏（SWCF）和与非呼吸跃变型果实共贮藏（SWNCF）的纽荷尔脐橙果皮类胡萝卜素代谢基因表达的变化

Fig. 5 Effects of SWCF and SWNCF on the expressions of carotenoid metabolism genes in‘Newhall’navel orange peel

图6 与呼吸跃变型果实共贮藏（SWCF）对纽荷尔脐橙果实品质的影响

Fig. 6 Effects of SWCF on the quality and storage performances of‘Newhall’navel orange fruit

图7 与香梨共贮藏对纽荷尔脐橙果皮蜡质（A）及其代谢相关基因表达（B）和挥发性物质含量（C）的影响

Fig. 7 Effects of co-storage with Korla pear and ethylene treatments on the wax（A）with wax relative gene expression（B）and volatile substances（C）of‘Newhall’navel orange peel

图8 与呼吸跃变型果实共贮藏（SWCF）的纽荷尔脐橙果皮色泽（A）和色差值（B）的变化

Fig. 8 Changes in the fruit coloration（A）and CCI（B）of‘Newhall’navel orange fruit under SWCF treatment

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