河西走廊不同产地‘美乐’葡萄品质及香气物质的差异分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0163

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在明确河西走廊不同产地‘美乐’葡萄果实品质及香气物质含量特征。对嘉峪关、张掖和武威3个产地连续3年的气候资料、土壤养分、果实品质及香气物质成分进行了分析。3个产地土壤普遍缺乏有机质，有机质含量均在4级（缺乏）以下，土壤pH在7.72 ~ 8.23之间，属于中性到碱性土壤；土壤表层大量元素氮、磷和钾的含量较为丰富，武威不同深度土壤中铁、铜和锰的含量较高。张掖产地4—9月的月有效积温和昼夜温差明显高于其他两个产地，而降水量以武威最多。3个产地果实品质中葡萄糖含量为张掖 > 嘉峪关 > 武威，蔗糖含量与之相反，武威产地酒石酸、柠檬酸、抗坏血酸含量高于其他两个产地。2018和2019年嘉峪关产地香气物质总含量高于其他两个产地。3个产地的环境因子温度、降水量等和果实糖酸含量显著相关，同时土壤中的钙、锰、铜和铁等矿质元素与果实糖酸含量也显著相关。由此可认为不同产地各类型香气物质的差异是环境因子和土壤营养共同作用的结果。

关键词: 葡萄, 河西走廊, 品质, 香气物质

Abstract:

In order to clarify the fruit quality and aroma substance content characteristics of‘Merlot’grape from different producing areas in Hexi Corridor，this study analyzed the climate data，soil nutrients，fruit quality and aroma substance components of Jiayuguan，Zhangye and Wuwei producing areas for three consecutive years. The results showed that the soil of the three regions was generally lack of organic matter，and the content of organic matter was below grade 4（lack）. The pH value of soil was from 7.72 to 8.23，belonging to neutral to alkaline soil. The contents of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium in the surface soil are relatively rich，and the contents of iron，copper and manganese in the soil at different depths in Wuwei are relatively high. The monthly effective accumulated temperature and diurnal temperature difference in Zhangye from April to September are significantly higher than those in other regions，and the rainfall in Wuwei region is the largest. The glucose content in the fruit quality of the three producing areas was Zhangye > Jiayuguan > Wuwei，and the sucrose content was the opposite，and the content of tartaric acid，citric acid and ascorbic acid in Wuwei was higher than that in the other two producing areas. The total content of aroma compounds in fruit quality in Jiayuguan in 2018 and 2019 was higher than that in the other two producing areas. Environmental factors such as temperature and precipitation were significantly correlated with fruit sugar and acid content，and mineral elements such as calcium，manganese，copper and iron in soil were also significantly correlated with fruit sugar and acid content. Therefore，it can be considered that the differences of aroma substances in different habitats are the result of the combined action of environmental factors and soil nutrition.

Key words: grape, Hexi Corridor, quality, aromatic substances

马宗桓, 李玉梅, 韦霞霞, 李文芳, 陈佰鸿, 毛娟. 河西走廊不同产地‘美乐’葡萄品质及香气物质的差异分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(5): 1083-1098.

MA Zonghuan, LI Yumei, WEI Xiaxia, LI Wenfang, CHEN Baihong, MAO Juan. Analysis of Quality and Aroma Components of‘Merlot’Grape from Different Areas in Hexi Corridor[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(5): 1083-1098.

图/表 11

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年 Year	嘉峪关 Jiayuguan	张掖 Zhangye	武威 Wuwei
2018	09-11	09-13	09-13
2019	09-08	09-09	09-09
2020	09-08	09-10	09-10

年 Year	嘉峪关 Jiayuguan	张掖 Zhangye	武威 Wuwei
2018	09-11	09-13	09-13
2019	09-08	09-09	09-09
2020	09-08	09-10	09-10

分级标准 Grading standard	1	2	3	4	5	6
全氮/% Total N	> 0.20	0.15 ~ 0.20	0.10 ~ 0.15	0.07 ~ 0.10	0.05 ~ 0.07	< 0.05
全磷/% Total P	> 0.10	0.08 ~ 0.10	0.06 ~ 0.08	0.04 ~ 0.06	0.02 ~ 0.04	< 0.02
全钾/% Total K	> 2.50	2 ~ 2.50	1.50 ~ 2.00	1.00 ~ 1.50	0.50 ~ 1.00	< 0.50
有效钙/（mg · kg^-1） Effective Ca	> 1 000	700 ~ 1 000	500 ~ 700	300 ~ 500	< 300	—
有效铜/（mg · kg^-1） Effective Cu	> 1.80	1 ~ 1.80	0.20 ~ 1.00	0.10 ~ 0.20	< 0.10	—
有效铁/（mg · kg^-1） Effective Fe	> 300	200 ~ 300	100 ~ 200	50 ~ 100	< 50	—
有效锰/（mg · kg^-1） Effective Mn	> 30	15 ~ 30	5 ~ 15	1 ~ 5	< 1.00	—
有效镁/（mg · kg^-1） Effective Mg	> 300	200 ~ 300	100 ~ 200	50 ~ 100	< 50	—
有机质/% Organic matter	> 4	3 ~ 4	2 ~ 3	1 ~ 2	0.60 ~ 1.00	< 0.60

分级标准 Grading standard	1	2	3	4	5	6
全氮/% Total N	> 0.20	0.15 ~ 0.20	0.10 ~ 0.15	0.07 ~ 0.10	0.05 ~ 0.07	< 0.05
全磷/% Total P	> 0.10	0.08 ~ 0.10	0.06 ~ 0.08	0.04 ~ 0.06	0.02 ~ 0.04	< 0.02
全钾/% Total K	> 2.50	2 ~ 2.50	1.50 ~ 2.00	1.00 ~ 1.50	0.50 ~ 1.00	< 0.50
有效钙/（mg · kg^-1） Effective Ca	> 1 000	700 ~ 1 000	500 ~ 700	300 ~ 500	< 300	—
有效铜/（mg · kg^-1） Effective Cu	> 1.80	1 ~ 1.80	0.20 ~ 1.00	0.10 ~ 0.20	< 0.10	—
有效铁/（mg · kg^-1） Effective Fe	> 300	200 ~ 300	100 ~ 200	50 ~ 100	< 50	—
有效锰/（mg · kg^-1） Effective Mn	> 30	15 ~ 30	5 ~ 15	1 ~ 5	< 1.00	—
有效镁/（mg · kg^-1） Effective Mg	> 300	200 ~ 300	100 ~ 200	50 ~ 100	< 50	—
有机质/% Organic matter	> 4	3 ~ 4	2 ~ 3	1 ~ 2	0.60 ~ 1.00	< 0.60

产地 Area	年份 Year	4—9月 Apr-Sep			7—9月降雨量/mm Jul-Sep rainfall
产地 Area	年份 Year	平均温度/℃ Average temperature	有效积温/℃ Effective accumulated temperature	昼夜温差/℃ Temperature difference between day and night	7—9月降雨量/mm Jul-Sep rainfall
嘉峪关 Jiayuguan	2018	20.09	3 384.00	12.78	267.30
	2019	20.08	3 380.00	11.71	131.30
	2020	20.94	3 251.00	12.10	182.36
	平均 Average	20.37	3 338.33	12.20	193.65
张掖 Zhangye	2018	19.47	3 724.88	14.34	387.10
	2019	19.29	3 694.00	14.07	270.80
	2020	18.71	3 458.00	14.36	314.28
	平均 Average	19.16	3 625.63	14.26	324.06
武威 Wuwei	2018	18.76	3 536.00	12.27	631.10
	2019	18.80	3 310.00	11.62	415.40
	2020	17.87	3 239.00	12.46	450.60
	平均 Average	18.48	3 361.67	12.12	499.03