黄腐酸钾对‘蛇龙珠’葡萄光合特性及果实品质的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0036

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究黄腐酸钾（fulvic acid potassium，FA-K）对葡萄叶片光合特性及果实品质的影响，以酿酒葡萄‘蛇龙珠’为试验材料，于开花期、坐果期、膨大期和转色期在叶面喷施不同浓度（30、60、90和120 mg · L^-1）的FA-K，以喷施清水为对照，测定叶片光合色素含量、光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数及果实品质等指标。结果表明：FA-K处理显著提高了‘蛇龙珠’各生育期叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和胡萝卜素含量，增强了P_n、T_r、G_s、F_v/F_m、Y(Ⅱ)、q_P、q_N及ETR，降低了C_i和Y(NPQ)，其中90 mg · L^-1FA-K处理效果最为显著。同时，FA-K对提高果实品质也有一定作用，特别是90 mg · L^-1处理显著促进了果实可溶性总糖、可溶性固形物、单宁、总酚、类黄酮和花色苷的积累，与对照相比分别提高了25.96%、13.81%、27.73%、63.89%、9.48%和78.57%，而可滴定酸相对含量仅为0.54%，较对照减少了26.03%。主成分分析结果显示，不同浓度FA-K对‘蛇龙珠’葡萄光合特性及果实品质的影响为：90 mg · L^-1处理 > 60 mg · L^-1处理 > 120 mg · L^-1处理 > 30 mg · L^-1处理 > 对照。综上，FA-K处理能够明显增强葡萄叶片的光合作用及改善果实品质，且90 mg · L^-1 的效果最为显著。

关键词: 酿酒葡萄, 黄腐酸钾, 光合特性, 品质

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effects of fulvic acid potassium（FA-K）on photosynthesis of grape leaves and fruit quality. In this experiment，the wine grape‘Cabernet Gernischt’was used as the test material，and different concentrations（30，60，90，120 mg · L^-1）of FA-K were sprayed on the leaves at flowering stage，fruit setting stage，expansion stage and color turning stage，and spraying water was used as the control. The photosynthetic pigment content，photosynthetic parameters，chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and fruit quality were measured under different treatments. The results showed that FA-K treatment significantly increased the content of chlorophyll a，chlorophyll b，total chlorophyll and carotene in leaves of‘Cabernet Gernischt’at different growth stages，enhanced P_n，T_r，G_s，F_v/F_m，Y(Ⅱ)，q_P，q_Nand ETR，and reduced C_i and Y(NPQ). The effect of 90 mg · L^-1FA-K treatment was the most significant. At the same time，FA-K also had a certain effect on improving fruit quality. In particular，90 mg · L^-1 treatment significantly promoted the accumulation of total soluble sugar，soluble solids，tannins，total phenols，flavonoids and anthocyanins in fruit，which increased by 25.96%，13.81%，27.73%，63.89%，9.48% and 78.57%，respectively，compared with the control，while the relative content of titratable acid was only 0.54%，which was 26.03% lower than that of the control. Principal component analysis results showed that the effects of different concentrations of FA-K on the photosynthetic and fruit quality of‘Cabernet Gernischt’grape leaves were as follows：90 mg · L^-1 treatment > 60 mg · L^-1 treatment > 120 mg · L^-1 treatment > 30 mg · L^-1 treatment > the control. In summary，FA-K treatment can significantly enhance the photosynthesis of grape leaves and improve fruit quality，and the effect of 90 mg · L^-1 is the most significant.

Key words: wine grape, potassium fulvic acid, photosynthetic characteristics, quality

杨江山, 陈亚娟, 戴子博, 李斗, 邵璋, 金鑫, 王宇航, 王春恒. 黄腐酸钾对‘蛇龙珠’葡萄光合特性及果实品质的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(12): 2843-2856.

YANG Jiangshan, CHEN Yajuan, DAI Zibo, LI Dou, SHAO Zhang, JIN Xin, WANG Yuhang, WANG Chunheng. Effects of Potassium Fulvic Acid on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fruit Quality of‘Cabernet Gernischt’Grape[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(12): 2843-2856.

图/表 8

图1 黄腐酸钾（FA-K）对不同生育期‘蛇龙珠’葡萄叶片光合色素含量的影响不同小写字母表示相同时期不同处理间差异显著，P < 0.05。下同。

Fig. 1 Effects of fulvic acid potassium（FA-K）on photosynthetic pigment content in leaves of‘Cabernet Gernischet’grape at different growth stages Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments in the same period，P < 0.05. the same below.

图2 黄腐酸钾（FA-K）对不同生育期‘蛇龙珠’葡萄叶片光合参数的影响

Fig. 2 Effects of fulvic acid potassium（FA-K）on photosynthetic parameters of‘Cabernet Gernischet’grape leaves at different growth stages

图3 黄腐酸钾（FA-K）对不同生育期‘蛇龙珠’葡萄叶片叶绿素荧光参数的影响

Fig. 3 Effects of fulvic acid potassium（FA-K）on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of‘Cabernet Gernischet’grape leaves at different growth stages

表1 黄腐酸钾（FA-K）对‘蛇龙珠’葡萄果实可溶性总糖、可溶性固形物及可滴定酸含量的影响

Table 1 Effects of FA-K on the contents of soluble sugar，soluble solids and titratable acid in‘Cabernet Gernischet’grape fruit

FA-K/（mg · L^-1）	可溶性总糖/(mg · g^-1) Total soluble sugar	可溶性固形物/% Soluble solid	可滴定酸/% Titratable acid	固酸比 Solid-acid ratio
0（对照Control）	124.84 ± 4.18 c	20.70 ± 0.36 c	0.73 ± 0.02 a	28.26 ± 0.90 d
30	126.82 ± 6.20 c	21.21 ± 0.48 bc	0.69 ± 0.02 ab	30.56 ± 0.95 c
60	131.19 ± 10.21 b	22.64 ± 0.23 b	0.59 ± 0.01 bc	38.50 ± 1.00 b
90	157.25 ± 10.05 a	23.56 ± 0.25 a	0.54 ± 0.01 c	43.24 ± 0.84 a
120	128.31 ± 5.25 bc	21.38 ± 0.51 bc	0.68 ± 0.01 ab	31.31 ± 1.10 c

表2 黄腐酸钾（FA-K）对‘蛇龙珠’葡萄果实单宁、总酚、总类黄酮、花色苷含量的影响

Table 2 Effects of FA-K on the contents of tannin，total phenols，flavonoids and anthocyanins in‘Cabernet Gernischet’grape fruit

FA-K/（mg · L^-1）	单宁/（mg · g^-1） Tannin content	总酚/（mg · g^-1） Total phenol content	总类黄酮/（mg · g^-1） Total flavonoid content	花色苷/（mg · g^-1） Anthocyanins content
0（对照Control）	2.56 ± 0.11 c	3.24 ± 0.06 c	3.48 ± 0.12 c	0.14 ± 0.01 c
30	2.64 ± 0.12 bc	3.71 ± 0.06 bc	3.52 ± 0.15 c	0.18 ± 0.01 b
60	2.91 ± 0.06 b	4.82 ± 0.03 ab	3.70 ± 0.12 ab	0.20 ± 0.02 b
90	3.27 ± 0.07 a	5.31 ± 0.09 a	3.81 ± 0.10 a	0.25 ± 0.02 a
120	2.89 ± 0.09 b	4.16 ± 0.07 b	3.62 ± 0.12 b	0.19 ± 0.01 b

图4 葡萄叶片光合特性与果实品质的相关性分析热图葡萄叶片相关指标均为各物候期的平均值，果实品质指标为成熟期测定值。Chl.a：叶绿素a；Chl.b：叶绿素b；Car：类胡萝卜素； Chl.(a + b)：总叶绿素；Pn：净光合速率；Tr：蒸腾速率；Gs：气孔导度；Ci：胞间CO2浓度；Fv/Fm：最大光化学效率；Y(Ⅱ)：PSⅡ实际光化学效率；qP：光化学猝灭系数；qN：非光化学猝灭系数；ETR：电子传递速率；Y(NPQ)：非光化学猝灭的量子产量；SSC：可溶性固形物；TSS：可溶性总糖；TA：可滴定酸；RTT：固酸比；Tan：单宁；TP：总酚；TF：总类黄酮；Ant：花色苷。 ** 表示在0.01水平极显著相关，* 表示在0.05水平显著相关。

Fig. 4 Heatmap of correlation analysis between photosynthetic characteristics of grape leaves and fruit quality The related indexes of grape leaves were the average value of each phenological period，and the fruit quality index was the measured value of mature period. Chl.a：Chlorophyll a；Chl.b：Chlorophyll b；Car：Carotenoid；Chl.(a + b)：Total chlorophyll；Pn：Net photosynthetic rate；Tr：Transpiration rate；Gs：Stomatal conductivity；Ci：Intercellular CO2 concentration；Fv/Fm：Maximal photochemical efficiency；Y(Ⅱ)：Actual photochemical efficiency of PSII；qP：Photochemical quenching；qN：Non-photochemical quenching coefficient；ETR：Rate of electron transfer；Y(NPQ)：Quantum yield of non-photochemical quenching；SSC：Soluble solids content；TSS：Total soluble sugar；TA：Titratable acid；RTT：Solid-acid ratio；Tan：Tannin；TP：Total phenols；TF：Total flavonoid；Ant：Anthocyanin. ** means extremely significant difference（P < 0.01），* means significant difference（P < 0.05）.

表3 葡萄叶片光合特性及果实品质的主成分载荷矩阵与方差贡献率

Table 3 Principal component loading matrix and variance contribution rate of grape leaf photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality

指标 Index	主成分 Principal component		指标 Index	主成分 Principal component
指标 Index	PC1	PC2	指标 Index	PC1	PC2
Chl.a	0.047	-0.245	q_N	0.046	0.271
Chl.b	0.049	-0.058	ETR	0.047	0.242
Car	0.045	-0.322	Y(NPQ)	-0.048	0.034
Chl.(a + b)	0.048	-0.197	TSS	0.048	0.188
P_n	0.049	0.050	TA	-0.048	-0.194
T_r	0.048	-0.029	RTT	0.048	0.206
G_s	0.049	0.077	SSC	0.049	-0.059
C_i	-0.045	0.344	Tan	0.048	-0.104
F_v/F_m	0.047	0.088	TP	0.049	0.046
Y(Ⅱ)	0.043	0.373	TF	0.049	0.009
q_P	0.046	-0.261	Ant	0.047	-0.094
特征值Eigen value 方差贡献率/% Variance contribution 累计方差贡献率/% Cumulative variance proportion	20.182 91.738 91.738	1.216 5.526 97.264

表4 黄腐酸钾（FA-K）对‘蛇龙珠’葡萄主成分得分表

Table 4 Principal component score table of FA-K on‘Cabernet Gernischet’grape

FA-K/（mg · L^-1）	主成分得分Principal component score		综合得分（F）	排名
FA-K/（mg · L^-1）	PC1	PC2	Comprehensive score	Ranking
0（对照Control） 30 60 90 120	-1.22 -0.60 0.48 1.39 -0.06	0.44 0.31 0.82 0.16 -1.73	-109.49 -53.23 48.74 128.33 -14.80	5 4 2 1 3

参考文献 47

[1]	Angeles-Núñez J G, Tiessen A. 2010. Arabidopsis sucrose synthase 2 and 3 modulate metabolic homeostasis and direct carbon towards starch synthesis in developing seeds. Springer Science and Business Media Llc,232 (3):701-718.
[2]	Bao Rizai, Kong Haimin, Li Gang, Ren Haiying, Qi Xingjiang, Zhang Shuwen, Zhang Lin. 2024. Effects of basal application of potassium fulvic acid on vegetative growth and fruit quality of bayberry in greenhouse. South China Fruits,(1):1-5. (in Chinese)
	包日在, 孔海民, 李岗, 任海英, 戚行江, 张淑文, 张林. 2024. 基施黄腐酸钾对大棚杨梅营养生长及果实品质的影响. 中国南方果树,(1):1-5.
[3]	Cai Qian, Bai Yiguang. 2020. Effect of fruit-grain intercropping on growth and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of kernel apricot. Agricultural Science & Technology and Equipment,(6):1-4. (in Chinese)
	蔡倩, 白一光. 2020. 果粮间作对仁用杏生长及叶绿素荧光参数的影响. 农业科技与装备,(6):1-4.
[4]	Chen Genyun, Chen Juan, Xu Daquan. 2010. Thinking about the relationship between net photosynthetic rate and inter-cellular CO₂ concentration. Plant Physiology Journal, 46 (1):64-66. (in Chinese)
	陈根云, 陈娟, 许大全. 2010. 关于净光合速率和胞间CO₂浓度关系的思考. 植物生理学通讯, 46 (1):64-66.
[5]	Chen Na, Wang Youke, Li Jie, Yang Juan, Li Xiaogang. 2014. Effects of microbial organic fertilizer on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters variation of Lyceum chinense. Arid Zone Research, 31 (2):317-321. (in Chinese)
	陈娜, 王有科, 李捷, 杨娟, 李小刚. 2014. 微生物有机肥对枸杞叶绿素荧光参数的影响. 干旱区研究, 31 (2):317-321.
[6]	Chen Pingzhao, Du Hongbo, Qin Yanfen, Yang Honggui, Li Chengshu, Mo Zhengfen. 2013. Improvement and application of determination method of acid content in fruits and vegetables. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,(4):451-453,456. (in Chinese)
	陈屏昭, 杜红波, 秦燕芬, 杨宏贵, 李成树, 莫正芬. 2013. 果蔬品含酸量测定方法的改进及其应用. 浙江农业科学,(4):451-453,456.
[7]	Feng Shixin, Jiang Ni, Chen Qianping, Tang Hui. 2021. Impacts of fulvic acid potassium and molybdenum mixture on growth,quality and photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics of Sophora tonkinensis. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 49 (15):123-127. (in Chinese)
	冯世鑫, 蒋妮, 陈乾平, 唐辉. 2021. 黄腐酸钾钼合剂对山豆根生长和品质及叶绿素荧光参数的影响. 江苏农业科学, 49 (15):123-127.
[8]	Gao Liang, Ren Wanyun, Luo Bo. 2016. Research on the application effects of fulvic acid potassium on head lettuce. Humic Acid,(4):26-29. (in Chinese)
	高亮, 任万云, 罗波. 2016. 黄腐酸钾在结球生菜上的应用效果研究. 腐植酸,(4):26-29.
[9]	Gao Wei, Li Mingyue, Yang Jun, Feng Haijuan, Zhang Shanping, Zheng Chunlian. 2017. Effects of different amounts of potassium fulvic acid on tomato yield,quality and soil physical and chemical properties. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 33 (33):46-49. (in Chinese)
	高伟, 李明悦, 杨军, 冯海娟, 张善平, 郑春莲. 2017. 黄腐酸钾不同用量对番茄产量、品质及土壤理化性质的影响. 中国农学通报, 33 (33):46-49. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100087
[10]	Geng Nana, Li Xueying, Gu Ding, Liu Lin. 2013. Determination of tannic acid content in gallnut by Folin-Denis spectrophotometry. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 41 (29):11848-11850,11915. (in Chinese)
	耿娜娜, 李学英, 顾丁, 刘林. 2013. Folin-Denis分光光度法测定五倍子中单宁酸的含量. 安徽农业科学, 41 (29):11848-11850,11915.
[11]	He Liu, Liu Xiaoxia, Yu Tianwu, Hou Xin, Sun Mengmeng, Ge Shunfeng, Jiang Yuanmao. 2018. Effects of applying water-soluble fulvic acid fertilizer during fruit-swelling period on apple leaf growth,fruit quality and yield. Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 50 (4):79-83. (in Chinese)
	何流, 刘晓霞, 于天武, 侯昕, 孙萌萌, 葛顺峰, 姜远茂. 2018. 果实膨大期施用黄腐酸水溶肥对苹果叶片生长、果实品质及产量的影响. 山东农业科学, 50 (4):79-83.
[12]	Jiang Hong, Zhang Jian, Wang Jingming, Liu Weijie. 2020. Some deficiencies in experimental guidance of plant physiology. Plant Physiology Journal, 56 (1):11-15. (in Chinese)
	蒋虹, 张健, 王景明, 刘伟杰. 2020. 《植物生理学实验指导》(第5版)中的几个不足之处. 植物生理学报, 56 (1):11-15.
[13]	Kong Fanrong, Li Haiping, Guo Wenzhong, Wu Yuesheng, Guo Jianlin, Zhou Kejie. 2024. Effect of Fulvic Acid Potassium on growth and physiological and biochemical characteristics of Zucchini seedlings under combined stress of drought and low temperature. Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 56 (1):74-80. (in Chinese)
	孔繁荣, 李海平, 郭文忠, 武月胜, 郭建林, 周可杰. 2024. 干旱低温复合胁迫下黄腐酸钾对西葫芦幼苗生长和生理生化特性的影响. 山东农业科学, 56 (1):74-80.
[14]	Lecourieux F, Kappel C, Lecourieux D, Serrano A, Torres E, Johnson P, Delrot S. 2014. An update on sugar transport and signalling in grapevine. Journal of Experimental Botany, 65 (3):821-832. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ert394 pmid: 24323501
[15]	Li Meng, Zhu Siyuan, Zhang Kexin, Yuan Tongyao, Cai Dongsheng, Shen Jun. 2023. effects of bio-organic fertilizer on substrate characteristics,growth physiology and nutrient accumulation of cucumber seedlings. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 51 (15):112-121. (in Chinese)
	李蒙, 朱思远, 张可馨, 袁童谣, 蔡东升, 申君. 2023. 生物有机肥用量对基质特性、黄瓜幼苗生长生理和营养元素积累的影响. 江苏农业科学, 51 (15):112-121.
[16]	Li Song, Zhu Junjie, Zeng Hui, Mo Leixing, Liu Hongjian, Liu Limin, Yu Kunxing. 2005. Preliminary study on the after effect of fulvic acid in sugarcane production test. Guangxi Sugar Industry,(3):16-17,39. (in Chinese)
	李松, 朱俊杰, 曾慧, 莫磊兴, 刘红坚, 刘丽敏, 余坤兴. 2005. 黄腐酸在甘蔗生产试验后效研究初报. 广西蔗糖,(3):16-17,39.
[17]	Liu Q J, Li X, Tang J P, Zhou Y M, Lin Q T, Xiao R B, Zhang M. 2019. Characterization of goethite-fulvic acid composites and their impact on the immobility of Pb/Cd in soil. Chemosphere,222:556-563.
[18]	Liu Xia, Li Caixia, Jiao Yang. 2019. Characteristics analysis of mineral elements in soil,grapes and wine from Zhangye region of Hexi Corridor. China Brewing, 38 (1):179--182. (in Chinese)
	刘霞, 李彩霞, 焦扬. 2019. 河西走廊张掖地区土壤、葡萄及葡萄酒矿质元素特征分析. 中国酿造, 38 (1):179-182. doi: 10.11882/j.issn.0254-5071.2019.01.036
[19]	Liu Zengzhao, Hao Mingde, Niu Yuhua, Wang Chenguang. 2019. Effect of applying humic acid fertilizer on fruit quality and yield of kiwifruit. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 28 (2):219-224. (in Chinese)
	刘增照, 郝明德, 牛育华, 王晨光. 2019. 施用腐殖酸肥料对猕猴桃果实品质和产量的影响. 西北农业学报, 28 (2):219-224.
[20]	Liu Zhenghai, Li Liulin, Dong Zhigang, Tan Wei, Li Xiaomei, Tang Xiaoping. 2017. Changes of phenolic compounds in four clones of Merlot grape. China Brewing, 36 (7):114-118. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11882/j.issn.0254-5071.2017.07.025
	刘政海, 李六林, 董志刚, 谭伟, 李晓梅, 唐晓萍. 2017. 梅鹿辄葡萄4个营养系果实酚类物质变化研究. 中国酿造, 36 (7):114-118. doi: 10.11882/j.issn.0254-5071.2017.07.025
[21]	Meng Ajing, Shao Huawei, Tang Lei, Wang Xinyong, Qi Tong. 2022. Effects of different types of fulvic acid on yield and quality of dense planting Ziziphus jujuba Mill. in tarim basin. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 31 (10):1357-1364. (in Chinese)
	孟阿静, 邵华伟, 唐蕾, 王新勇, 祁通. 2022. 施用不同类型黄腐酸对塔里木盆地密植骏枣产量和品质的影响. 西北农业学报, 31 (10):1357-1364.
[22]	Nogales-Bueno J, Hernández-Hierro J M, Rodríguez-Pulido F J, Heredia F. 2014. Determination of technological maturity of grapes and total phenolic compounds of grape skins in red and white cultivars during ripening by near infrared hyperspectral image A preliminary approach. Food Chemistry,152:586-591.
[23]	Pang Xiaoyan. 2017. Effects of adding different doses of fulvic acid in nutrient solution on growth,quality and yield of cucumber in substrate culture. [M. D. Dissertation]. Tai’an: Shandong Agricultural University. (in Chinese)
	庞晓燕. 2017. 营养液中添加不同剂量黄腐酸对基质栽培黄瓜生长、品质及产量的影响[硕士论文]. 泰安: 山东农业大学.
[24]	Pei Bin, Zhang Guangcan, Zhang Shuyong, Wu Qin, Xu Zhiqiang, Xu Ping. 2013. Effects of soil drought stress on photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activities in Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. seedings. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 33 (5):1386-1396. (in Chinese)
	裴斌, 张光灿, 张淑勇, 吴芹, 徐志强, 徐萍. 2013. 土壤干旱胁迫对沙棘叶片光合作用和抗氧化酶活性的影响. 生态学报, 33 (5):1386-1396.
[25]	Qi Xiaoyuan, Wang Wenli, Hu Shaoqing, Liu Mengyu, Zheng Chengshu, Sun Xianzhi. 2021. Effects of exogenous melatonin on photosynthesis and physiological characteristics of chrysanthemum seedlings under high temperature stress. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 32 (7):2496-2504. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202107.025
	齐晓媛, 王文莉, 胡少卿, 刘梦雨, 郑成淑, 孙宪芝. 2021. 外源褪黑素对高温胁迫下菊花光合和生理特性的影响. 应用生态学报, 32 (7):2496-2504. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202107.025
[26]	Tang H, Hu Y Y, Yu Y Y, Song L L, Wu J S. 2015. Growth,photosynthetic and physiological responses of Torreya grandis seedlings to varied light environments. Tree, 29 (4):1011-1022.
[27]	Tian Xiaocheng, Zhu Lingcheng, Zou Hui, Li Baiyun, Ma Fengwang, Li Mingjun. 2023. Research progress on accumulation pattern and regulation of soluble sugar in fruit. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 50 (4):885-895. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-1264 URL
	田晓成, 祝令成, 邹晖, 李白云, 马锋旺, 李明军. 2023. 果实可溶性糖的积累模式及其调控研究进展. 园艺学报, 50 (4):885-895. doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-1264 URL
[28]	Wang Hongli, Zhang Yu, Han Yang, Guan Yuge, Xie Tingting. 2015. Determination of the total polyphenol in immature cucumber by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method. The Food Industry, 36 (9):262-266. (in Chinese)
	王洪丽, 张彧, 韩洋, 管玉格, 谢婷婷. 2015. Folin-Ciocalteu比色法测定未成熟黄瓜中的总酚含量. 食品工业, 36 (9):262-266.
[29]	Wang Jianhua, Ren Shifu, Shi Baosheng, Liu Bingxiang, Zhou Yuli. 2011. Effects of shades on the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Forsythia suspensa. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 31 (7):1811-1817. (in Chinese)
	王建华, 任士福, 史宝胜, 刘炳响, 周玉丽. 2011. 遮荫对连翘光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响. 生态学报, 31 (7):1811-1817.
[30]	Wang Xiaofang, Xiang Kun, Sun Yan, Cui Dongdong, Qi Xuelong, Wang Laiping, Zhai Heng, Li Bo. 2017. Protective effects of foliar fertilizer on ‘Kyoho’grape under photooxidation. Journal of Fruit Science, 34 (3):312-320. (in Chinese)
	王晓芳, 相昆, 孙岩, 崔冬冬, 亓雪龙, 王来平, 翟衡, 李勃. 2017. 叶面肥对‘巨峰’葡萄光氧化胁迫的缓解效应. 果树学报, 34 (3):312-320.
[31]	Wang Yanjun, Wang Lei, Bai Wenke, Hao Yan, Wang Xueqiu, Fang Yulin. 2017. Climatic regionalization and viticulture suggestion of grape in Gansu Province. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 44 (4):792-802. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0574 URL
	王艳君, 王蕾, 白文科, 郝燕, 王雪秋, 房玉林. 2017. 甘肃葡萄气候区划与栽培建议. 园艺学报, 44 (4):792-802. doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0574 URL
[32]	Wang Yifei, Xin Xiulan, Chen Liang, Huo Junwei. 2014. Total anthocyanins content in different species of Lonicera cearulea Linn. by pH-differential spectrophotometry. Food Research and Development, 35 (7):75-78. (in Chinese)
	王艺菲, 辛秀兰, 陈亮, 霍俊伟. 2014. pH示差法测定不同种类蓝果忍冬总花色苷含量. 食品研究与开发, 35 (7):75-78.
[33]	Wang Yijing, Li Yan, Xu Sheng, He Xingyuan, Chen Wei, Wu Xian. 2019. Effects of elevated ozone concentrations on photosynthetic and resistant physiological char-acteristics of Monarda didyma L. leaves. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 38 (3):696-703. (in Chinese)
	王义婧, 李岩, 徐胜, 何兴元, 陈玮, 吴娴. 2019. 高浓度臭氧对美国薄荷(Monarda didyma L.)叶片光合及抗性生理特征的影响. 生态学杂志, 38 (3):696-703.
[34]	Wu Lin, Li Yadong, Zhang Zhidong, Liu Hongzhang. 1996. Study on the effect of potassium fertilizer application on Fujiminori grape. Northern Horticulture,(3):33-34. (in Chinese)
	吴林, 李亚东, 张志东, 刘洪章. 1996. 藤稔葡萄钾肥施用效果研究. 北方园艺,(3):33-34.
[35]	Wu Z Z, Wang X L, Song B Q, Zhao X Y, Du J Y, Huang W G. 2021. Responses of photosynthetic performance of sugar beet varieties to foliar boron spraying. Sugar Tech, 23 (6):1332-1339.
[36]	Xue Renfeng, Feng Ming, Zhao Yang, Li Tao, Zhuang Yan, Ge Weide. 2019. Effects of different bio-organic fertilizers on growth and physiological characteristics of mung bean. Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences, 44 (4):9-12,71. (in Chinese)
	薛仁风, 丰明, 赵阳, 李韬, 庄艳, 葛伟德. 2019. 不同生物有机肥对绿豆生长与生理特性的影响. 东北农业科学, 44 (4):9-12,71.
[37]	Xu Xiangzeng, Zhang Jinyan, Zhang Guanghui, Long Guangqiang, Yang Shengchao, Chen Zhongjian, Wei Fugang, Chen Junwen. 2018. Effects of light intensity on photosynthetic capacity and light energy allocation in Panax noto-ginseng. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 29 (1):193-204. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201801.008
	徐祥增, 张金燕, 张广辉, 龙光强, 杨生超, 陈中坚, 魏富刚, 陈军文. 2018. 光强对三七光合能力及能量分配的影响. 应用生态学报, 29 (1):193-204. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201801.008
[38]	Xu Xingli, Jin Zexin, He Weiming, Wang Xinglong, Che Xiuxia. 2012. Effects of different day/night warming on the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Sinocalycanthus chinensis seedlings. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 32 (20):6343-6353. (in Chinese)
	徐兴利, 金则新, 何维明, 王兴龙, 车秀霞. 2012. 不同增温处理对夏蜡梅光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响. 生态学报, 32 (20):6343-6353.
[39]	Yang Chang, Xia Jie, Li Xiushuang, Chen Yanlong, Tian Xiaohong. 2019. Effects of foliar microelements fertilizer‘Wodetian’on the yield and quality of kiwifruit. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 37 (6):193-198. (in Chinese)
	杨畅, 夏婕, 李秀双, 陈艳龙, 田霄鸿. 2019. “沃得天”微肥叶面喷施对猕猴桃产量和品质的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 37 (6):193-198.
[40]	Yang Xue, Gao Qian, Cai Linzhi, Dong Wen, Ye Yixin, Qin Yuzhi, Zhou Hualan, Xiong Xingyao, Hu Xinxi. 2022. Effects of new fertilizers and their combined application on the growth,yield and tuber quality of spring potato. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences), 48 (5):550-555. (in Chinese)
	杨雪, 高倩, 蔡林志, 董文, 叶亦心, 秦玉芝, 周华兰, 熊兴耀, 胡新喜. 2022. 新型肥料施用对马铃薯生长和产量及品质的影响. 湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 48 (5):550-555.
[41]	Yin Dawei, Jin Liang, Guo Xiaohong, Liu Menghong, Wang Haize, Xue Yingwen, Yang Kejun, Zhang Yifei, Guo Yongxia, Guo Wei, Zhao Changjiang, Zhang Peng. 2019. Effects of biochar based fertilizer on nutrient content of sandy loam soiland yield of silage maize. Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences, 44 (4):19-24,88. (in Chinese)
	殷大伟, 金梁, 郭晓红, 刘梦红, 王海泽, 薛盈文, 杨克军, 张翼飞, 郭永霞, 郭伟, 赵长江, 张鹏. 2019. 物炭基肥替代化肥对砂壤土养分含量及青贮玉米产量的影响. 东北农业科学, 44 (4):19-24,88.
[42]	Zhang Chaoxuan, Yang Tianyi, Wu Shuhang, Zhou Deping, Jiang Aili, Ye Zhengwen. 2011. Effects of microbial fertilizer on the soil ecosystem and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of grape leaves. Tianjin Agricultural Sciences, 17 (1):92-95. (in Chinese)
	张朝轩, 杨天仪, 吴淑杭, 周德平, 蒋爱丽, 叶正文. 2011. 微生物肥料对土壤生态及葡萄叶片叶绿素荧光特性的影响. 天津农业科学, 17 (1):92-95.
[43]	Zhang Min, Hu Zhaoping, Li Xinzhu, Liu Peng, Wang Na. 2014. Research progress and prospect of humic acid fertilizer. Phosphate & Compound Fertilizer, 29 (1):38-40. (in Chinese)
	张敏, 胡兆平, 李新柱, 刘鹏, 王娜. 2014. 腐植酸肥料的研究进展及前景展望. 磷肥与复肥, 29 (1):38-40.
[44]	Zhang Yongxia, Zhang Yingjie, Gong Guanqun, Xu Hengshan, Yuan Fei. 2021. Effect of fulvic acid on plant growth applied. Chemical Industry, 50 (4):1069-1072,1076. (in Chinese)
	张永霞, 张英杰, 巩冠群, 徐恒山, 袁飞. 2021黄腐酸对植物生长作用效果研究. 应用化工, 50 (4):1069-1072,1076
[45]	Zhang Zhenxing, Sun Jin, Guo Shirong, Tong Hui. 2011. Effects of supplemental calcium on the photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of watermelon under salt stress. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 38 (10):1929-1938. (in Chinese)
	张振兴, 孙锦, 郭世荣, 童辉. 2011. 钙对盐胁迫下西瓜光合特性和果实品质的影响. 园艺学报, 38 (10):1929-1938.
[46]	Zhao Xin, Song Ruiqing, Yan Xiufeng. 2009. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation on growth and photosynthesis of Camptotheca acuminata seedlings. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 33 (4):783-790. (in Chinese)
	赵昕, 宋瑞清, 阎秀峰. 2009. 接种AM真菌对喜树幼苗生长及光合特性的影响. 植物生态学报, 33 (4):783-790. doi: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.04.017
[47]	Zong Jianwei, Li Xiaoqian, Zhang Chuang, Zhao Xiaojie, Yang Yuhua. 2024. Effects of salt stress on physiological characteristics and leaf anatomical structure of lily. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,(1):166-175. (in Chinese)
	宗建伟, 李晓倩, 张创, 赵小杰, 杨雨华. 2024. 盐胁迫对百合生理特性及叶片解剖结构的影响. 华中农业大学学报,(1):166-175.