不同干燥处理的树参叶黄酮类成分的非靶向代谢组学分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0219

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

运用超高效液相色谱串联质谱技术对3种（真空冷冻干燥、热风干燥和微波干燥）干燥方式下的树参（Dendropanax dentiger）叶黄酮物质进行检测，使用主成分分析和正交偏最小二乘判别分析法鉴定差异代谢物。共鉴定到204个黄酮化合物，以黄酮（53个）、黄酮醇（37个）和异黄酮（24个）化合物为主；筛选到80个差异化合物，其中热风干燥与真空冷冻干燥有69个差异物，热风干燥与微波干燥具有67 个差异物，微波干燥与真空冷冻干燥有45个差异物。这些差异代谢物主要参与次生代谢产物的生物合成，且对表征不同干燥方式的样品贡献率明显。通过差异代谢物的上调或下调研究发现，真空冷冻干燥加工方式能较好地保留树参叶中的黄酮成分，其次为微波干燥。

关键词: 树参, 非靶向代谢组, 液相色谱—质谱联用, 黄酮

Abstract:

Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS）was used to detect the flavonoids accumulated in leaves of Dendropanax dentiger under three drying methods（freeze-drying，hot-air drying and microwave drying）. Principal component analysis（PCA）and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA）were applied to identify the differential metabolites. The results indicated that 204 flavonoid compounds were identified，dominated by 53 flavonoids，37 flavonols and 24 isoflavones. A total of 80 differential compounds were screened，among which 69 different metabolites were found between hot-air drying and freeze-drying，67 were found between hot-air drying and microwave drying，and 45 were found between microwave drying and freeze-drying. The metabolites of these differences were mainly involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The contribution rate of different substances to the characterization of different drying methods was obvious. Through the study of up-regulation and down-regulation of differential metabolites， it was found that the flavonoid components in the leaves could be retained better by freeze-drying，followed by microwave drying.

Key words: Dendropanax dentiger, untargeted metabolome, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, flavone

姚丰平, 王衍彬, 秦玉川, 王丽玲. 不同干燥处理的树参叶黄酮类成分的非靶向代谢组学分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(5): 1069-1082.

YAO Fengping, WANG Yanbin, QIN Yuchuan, WANG Liling. Analysis of the Difference of Flavonoids in Dendropanax dentiger Leaves with Different Drying Processes Based on Untargeted Metabolomics[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(5): 1069-1082.

图/表 8

图1 总离子流重叠图（a）和总离子流图（b）

Fig. 1 Total ion overlap diagram（a）and total ion flow diagram（b）

图2 热风干燥（HG）、真空冷冻干燥（DG）、微波干燥（WB）树参叶热图

Fig. 2 Heat map of hot-air drying（HG），vacuum freeze-drying（DG），microwave drying（WB）groups to Dendropanax dentiger leaves

图3 UPLC-MS/MS分析热风干燥（HG）、真空冷冻干燥（DG）、微波干燥（WB）树参叶样本的主成分分析图

Fig. 3 PCA score plot of UPLC-MS/MS data from hot-air drying（HG），vacuum freeze-drying（DG），microwave drying（WB）to Dendropanax dentiger leaves（DG）

图4 UPLC-MS/MS测定的真空冷冻干燥（DG）、热风干燥（HG）、微波干燥（WB）树参叶样品的OPLS-DA 图

Fig. 4 OPLS-DA score plot of UPLC-MS/MS data from hot-air drying（HG），vacuum freeze-drying（DG），microwave drying（WB）to Dendropanax dentiger leaves

图5 树参叶热风干燥（HG）、真空冷冻干燥（DG）、微波干燥（WB）样品之间的差异代谢物绿点为下调代谢物，红点为上调代谢物，黑色为差异不显著的代谢物。

Fig. 5 Analysis of differential metabolites of Dendropanax dentiger leaves samples of hot-air drying（HG），vacuum freeze-drying（DG）and microwave drying（WB） Green dots are down-regulated metabolites，red dots are up-regulated metabolites，and black are metabolites with insignificant differences.

图6 真空冷冻干燥（DG）、微波干燥（WB）、热风干燥（HG）的树参叶中的黄酮类含量

Fig. 6 Contents of flavonoids in the leaves of Dendropanax dentiger under different drying processes

图7 基于树参叶热风干燥（HG）、真空冷冻干燥（DG）、微波干燥（WB）样品原始值差异代谢物的小提琴图方框表示四分位范围，黑色细线表示95%置信区间，中间的黑色水平线为中位数，外围形状表示数据分布的密度。

Fig. 7 Violin plot of differential metabolites based on raw values of hot-air drying（HG）vac，uum freeze-drying（DG）and microwave drying（WB）to Dendropanax dentiger leaves The box in the middle indicates the interquartile range，the thin black line represents the 95% confidence interval，the black horizontal line in the middle is the median，and the outer shape indicates the density of the data distribution.

图8 热风干燥（HG）、真空冷冻干燥（DG）、微波干燥（WB）树参叶差异代谢物KEGG通路富集分析

Fig. 8 KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differential metabolites in Dendropanax dentiger leaves by hot-air drying（HG），vacuum freeze-drying（DG）and microwave drying（WB）

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