转光棚膜对番茄叶片光合能力和番茄红素含量的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-2002

园艺学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (8): 1517-1530.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-2002

转光棚膜对番茄叶片光合能力和番茄红素含量的影响

冯倩¹^,², 董灵迪³, 尹义蕾⁴, 焦永刚³, 郭敬华³, 李青云², 刘丙伟⁵, 于贤昌¹, 孙敏涛¹, 贺超兴¹, 李衍素¹, 王君¹, 闫妍¹^,^**()

¹中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京 100081
²河北农业大学园艺学院,河北保定 071000
³河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所,石家庄 255400
⁴农业农村部规划设计研究院,北京 100125
⁵华盾雪花塑料（固安）有限公司,河北廊坊065500

收稿日期:2021-02-05 修回日期:2021-07-26 出版日期:2021-08-25 发布日期:2021-09-06
通讯作者: 闫妍 E-mail:yanyan101@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFB0302404);河北省重点研发计划项目(20326903D);国家自然科学基金项目(31601796);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-25-C-01);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-IVFCAAS);农业农村部园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室项目

Improvement of Photosynthetic Capacity and Lycopene Content of Tomatoes by Covering with Light Conversion Plastic Films

FENG Qian¹^,², DONG Lingdi³, YIN Yilei⁴, JIAO Yonggang³, GUO Jinghua³, LI Qingyun², LIU Bingwei⁵, YU Xianchang¹, SUN Mintao¹, HE Chaoxing¹, LI Yansu¹, WANG Jun¹, YAN Yan¹^,^**()

¹Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China
²College of Horticulture,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei 071000,China
³Economic Crops Research Institute,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 255400,China
⁴Institute of Protected Agriculture,Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China
⁵Huadun Xuehua Plastics（Gu’an）Co.,Ltd,Langfang,Hebei 065500,China

Received:2021-02-05 Revised:2021-07-26 Online:2021-08-25 Published:2021-09-06
Contact: YAN Yan E-mail:yanyan101@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以番茄‘金鹏8号’为材料,在普通EVA（乙烯—乙酸乙烯酯共聚物膜）中添加不同转光剂形成的转光棚膜,覆盖日光温室中比较不同棚膜对番茄植株生长、叶片光合能力以及果实产量和品质的影响。采用荧光光度计、红外光谱仪和双光束紫外可见光分光光度计对EVA膜（对照）、EVA膜加转光剂VTB470的转光膜C-RBI-2和EVA加转光剂VTB450的转光膜C-RBI-3的光学特性和力学特性（厚度、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和直角撕裂强度）进行了测定。结果表明：C-RBI-2膜将紫外光转为蓝光,发射光谱在470 nm,覆盖C-RBI-2膜能够通过提高番茄叶片内Rubisco小亚基基因（RbcS）的表达、提高叶片的组织结构紧密度（CTR）和叶片组织疏松度（SR）、增加栅栏细胞、海绵细胞和叶片的厚度进而提高净光合速率（P_n）。覆盖C-RBI-2膜能够增加根系对全氮（N）、全磷（P）和全钾（K）的吸收,提高番茄产量,增加成熟期果实八氢番茄红素合成酶1基因（PSY1）、八氢番茄红素脱氢酶基因（PDS）和ζ-胡萝卜素脱氢酶基因（ZDS）的表达量,进而增加番茄红素含量;而C-RBI-3膜将紫外光转为蓝光,发射光谱在450 nm,抑制了RbcS和RbcL基因的表达,降低了番茄叶片中P_n和Rubisco活性,降低了番茄红素含量。明确了紫外光转蓝光,发射光谱在470 nm具有提高番茄叶片光合能力和番茄红素含量的作用。由此可知,覆盖C-RBI-2转光膜可有效促进秋冬茬日光温室内番茄叶片光合能力,提高番茄品质。

关键词: 番茄, 光合作用, 转光棚膜, 蓝光, 日光温室, 品质

Abstract:

The light conversion plastic film is formed by adding different light conversion agents into ordinary EVA（ethylene-vinyl acetate）copolymer film. In this study,we compared the effects of different plastic films on plant growth,leaf photosynthesis,yield,and fruit quality of tomato 'Jinpeng 8' in a solar greenhouse. The optical and mechanical properties（such as thickness,tensile strength,elongation at break,and right-angle tearing strength）of EVA film（control）,light conversion film C-RBI-2（EVA film plus light conversion agent VTB470）,and C-RBI-3（EVA plus light conversion agent VTB450）were measured by using a fluorometer,infrared spectrometer,and dual-beam UV-visible spectrophotometer,respectively. Our results demonstrated that C-RBI-2 film converted ultraviolet light into blue light with emission spectrum at 470 nm. Covering C-RBI-2 film increased the net photosynthetic rate（P_n）by upregulating the expression of the the small subunits of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase（RbcS）,improving the tightness of the leaf tissue structure and the leaf tissue porosity values,and increasing the thickness of fence cells,sponge cells,and leaves. Additionally,Covering C-RBI-3 film promoted the root absorption of nitrogen（N）,phosphorus（P）,and potassium（K）,increased tomato yields,and raised the lycopene content by upregulating the gene expressions of phytoene synthase 1（PSY1）,phytoene desaturase（PDS）,and ζ-carotene desaturase（ZDS）during the ripening stage. By contrast,the C-RBI-3 film converted ultraviolet light into blue light with an emission spectrum at 450 nm,inhibited the gene expressions of RbcS and RbcL,reduced the activity of P_n and Rubisco in tomato leaves,reduced the content of lycopene,and clarified the fact that the ultraviolet-to-blue light convertion with the emission spectrum at 470 nm can improve the photosynthetic capacity and lycopene content of tomato leaves. Taken together,covering C-RBI-2 is a better choice to effectively promote the photosynthetic capacity of tomato leaves and improve the fruits’ quality in the solar greenhouse when growing plants during the autumn and winter.

Key words: tomato, photosynthesis, light conversion film, blue light, solar greenhouse, quality

中图分类号:

S641.2

冯倩, 董灵迪, 尹义蕾, 焦永刚, 郭敬华, 李青云, 刘丙伟, 于贤昌, 孙敏涛, 贺超兴, 李衍素, 王君, 闫妍. 转光棚膜对番茄叶片光合能力和番茄红素含量的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2021, 48(8): 1517-1530.

FENG Qian, DONG Lingdi, YIN Yilei, JIAO Yonggang, GUO Jinghua, LI Qingyun, LIU Bingwei, YU Xianchang, SUN Mintao, HE Chaoxing, LI Yansu, WANG Jun, YAN Yan. Improvement of Photosynthetic Capacity and Lycopene Content of Tomatoes by Covering with Light Conversion Plastic Films[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(8): 1517-1530.

图/表 12

表1 RT-PCR 引物序列

Table 1 Real-time PCR primer sequence

基因 Gene	正向引物（5′-3′） Forward primer sequence	反向引物（5′-3′） Reverse primer sequence
RbcL	AATTGTTGGTGATGGTAGT	CCTTCTCGTAGTCTTGT
RbcS	GCAATGGTGGAAGAGTTA	AGGAAGGTATGAGAGTGT
Actin	TTCCGTTGCCCAGAGGTCCT	TCGCCCTTTGAAATCCACATC
PSY1	TGGCCCAAACGCATCATATA	CACCATCGAGCATGTCAAATG
PDS	CTGGAGGCAAGGGATGTT	TAAAGGAGCGGGTAAAGC
ZDS	GGAGTGCCTGTTGTTACCG	CTCAGACCTTGGGACGA
Actin	TGTCCCTATTTACGAGGGTTATGC	AGTTAAATCACGACCAGCAAGAT

表2 试样棚膜机械性能

Table 2 Mechanical properties of sample films

棚膜 Sample	厚度值/mm Thickness	拉伸强度/MPa Tensile strength		断裂伸长率/% Elongation at break		直角撕裂强度/（N · mm^-1） Right angle tear resistance
棚膜 Sample	厚度值/mm Thickness	纵向 Vertical	横向 Horizontal	纵向 Vertical	横向 Horizontal	纵向 Vertical	横向 Horizontal
EVA （对照 Control）	0.12 a	24.9 ± 0.46 b	26.9 ± 0.40 c	465.4 ± 8.06 c	683.9 ± 7.41 b	116.6 ± 5.42 a	109.9 ± 1.55 b
C-RBI-2	0.12 a	28.7 ± 0.40 a	30.2 ± 0.50 a	573.9 ± 6.44 a	702.8 ± 4.02 a	112.4 ± 3.40 b	113.8 ± 1.17 a
C-RBI-3	0.12 a	28.8 ± 0.36 a	29.1 ± 0.35 b	522.9 ± 3.45 b	689.6 ± 7.50 ab	110.4 ± 3.58 b	106.3 ± 1.16 c

图1 转光膜 C-RBI-2（A）和C-RBI-3（B）的发射光谱 λex和λem分别是激发波长和发射波长。

Fig. 1 Emission spectra of the C-RBI-2（A）and C-RBI-3（B） λex and λem are excitation wavelength and emission wavelength,respectively.

图2 与对照（EVA）相比转光棚膜C-RBI-2和C-RBI-2对番茄叶片净光合速率（Pn）和Rubisco活性的影响不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（n = 3,P < 0.05）。

Fig. 2 Effects of conversion light plastic films on the net photosynthetic rate and the activity of Rubisco in tomato leaves Different small letters mean significant difference among treatments at 0.05 level（n = 3,P < 0.05）.

图3 转光棚膜对番茄叶片RbcL和RbcS基因表达的影响不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（n = 3,P < 0.05）。

Fig. 3 Effects of conversion light plastic films on the expression of RbcL and RbcS genes of tomato leaves Different small letters mean significant difference among treatments at 0.05 level（n = 3,P < 0.05）.

图4 转光棚膜对成熟番茄植株叶片解剖结构的影响 SPT：海绵组织;PT：栅栏组织。

Fig. 4 Effects of conversion light plastic films on the anatomical structure of mature tomato plant leaves SPT：Spongy parenchyma;PT：Palisade parenchyma.

表3 转光棚膜对番茄叶片组织厚度的影响

Table 3 Effects of conversion light plastic films on the structure of mature tomato plant leaves

处理 Treatment	上表皮 Upper epidermal	下表皮 Lower epidermal	栅栏细胞 Palisade parenchyma cells	海绵细胞 Spongy parenchyma cells
EVA（对照 Control）	15.174 ± 2.536 b	8.702 ± 1.654 b	9.280 ± 1.732 ab	7.543 ± 1.544 b
C-RBI-2	19.963 ± 2.821 a	12.989 ± 2.797 a	9.710 ± 1.934 a	8.461 ± 1.354 a
C-RBI-3	14.165 ± 2.496 b	10.823 ± 2.407 b	8.772 ± 1.303 b	6.890 ± 1.092 c
处理 Treatment	叶片厚度 Thickness of leaves	CTR	SR
EVA（对照 Control）	154.346 ± 12.276 b	5.023 ± 0.427 c	3.943 ± 0.368 c
C-RBI-2	165.876 ± 13.727 a	6.002 ± 0.757 a	4.880 ± 0.671 b
C-RBI-3	173.719 ± 12.176 b	5.800 ± 0.719 b	5.073 ± 0.400 a

图5 转光棚膜对番茄叶片细胞形态和超微结构的影响 Ch：叶绿体;S：淀粉粒;GL：基质片层。

Fig. 5 Effect of conversion light plastic films on cell morphology and ultrastructure of tomato leaf Ch：Chlorophyll;S：Starch granule;GL：Grana lamella.

表4 转光棚膜对番茄植株根茎叶全氮磷钾含量的影响

Table 4 Effects of conversion light plastic films on the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium in leaves of tomato seedlings

处理 Treatment	总氮含量 Total N content			总磷含量 Total P content
处理 Treatment	根 Root	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	根 Root	茎 Stem	叶Leaf
EVA（对照 Control）	1.982 ± 0.046 b	2.099 ± 0.092 ab	3.153 ± 0.030 b	0.321 ± 0.049 b	0.648 ± 0.029 b	0.627 ± 0.026 ab
C-RBI-2	2.141 ± 0.005 a	1.919 ± 0.074 b	3.400 ± 0.062 a	0.423 ± 0.028 a	0.695 ± 0.022 a	0.697 ± 0.056 a
C-RBI-3	1.864 ± 0.025 c	2.319 ± 0.093 a	3.139 ± 0.052 b	0.297 ± 0.081 b	0.729 ± 0.022 a	0.598 ± 0.016 a
处理 Treatment	总钾含量 Total K content
处理 Treatment	根 Root	茎 Stem	叶Leaf
EVA（对照 Control）	3.103 ± 0.289 b	4.577 ± 0.323 a	2.716 ± 0.028 b
C-RBI-2	4.309 ± 0.577 a	4.429 ± 0.220 a	2.922 ± 0.090 a
C-RBI-3	2.831 ± 0.314 b	4.593 ± 0.507 a	2.411 ± 0.031 c

图6 转光棚膜覆盖下的番茄果实及成熟期番茄红素含量不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（n = 3,P < 0.05）。

Fig. 6 Tomato fruit at different maturity stages under conversion light plastic films Different small letters meant significant difference among treatments at 0.05 level（n = 3,P < 0.05）.

图7 转光棚膜对番茄不同成熟期PDS、PSY1和ZDS基因表达的影响同一成熟期不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（n = 3,P < 0.05）。

Fig. 7 Effects of conversion light plastic films on the gene expression of PDS,PSY1 and ZDS at different maturity stages of tomatoes Different small letters at same maturity stage mean significant difference among treatments at 0.05 level（n = 3,P < 0.05）.

表5 转光棚膜对番茄产量和果实品质的影响

Table 5 Effect of conversion light plastic films on tomato yield and fruit quality

处理 Treatments	产量/（t • hm^-2） Yield	维生素C/（mg • kg^-1） Vitamin C	番茄红素/（μg • g^-1） Lycopene
EVA（对照 Control）	84.040 ± 1.647 ab	147.500 ± 0.200 a	2.505 ± 0.005 b
C-RBI-2	87.049 ± 1.024 a	147.400 ±0.300 a	3.347 ± 0.021 a
C-RBI-3	80.725 ± 1.522 b	138.850 ±0.350 b	2.274 ± 0.015 c

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转光棚膜对番茄叶片光合能力和番茄红素含量的影响

Improvement of Photosynthetic Capacity and Lycopene Content of Tomatoes by Covering with Light Conversion Plastic Films

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转光棚膜对番茄叶片光合能力和番茄红素含量的影响

Improvement of Photosynthetic Capacity and Lycopene Content of Tomatoes by Covering with Light Conversion Plastic Films

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