中国果树种质资源研究与新品种选育70年

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0616

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

受益于地方名特优品种资源利用、新品种选育以及国外优良品种引进等各方面工作的有力支撑,中国果树产业发展迅速,目前栽培面积和产量均保持世界第一。本文回顾了过去70年中国果树种质资源考察收集、鉴定评价、安全保存、共享利用,育种技术创新、新品种选育等方面的主要成就,并针对存在的主要问题提出了果树种质资源与遗传育种发展的建议。

关键词: 果树, 种质资源, 新品种选育

Abstract:

Benefited from the utilization of excellent fruit germplasm,breeding of new varieties,and introduction of foreign superior varieties,the fruit industry in China has developed rapidly with the world’s the largest cultivation area and total production. This article reviewed the main achievements in the investigation and collection,the identification and evaluation,the safety conservation,the sharing and utilization of fruit germplasm,the innovation of breeding technology as well as the breeding of new varieties in the past seventy years. The main problems in the enhancement of germplasm and genetic improvement of fruit crops in China were pointed out,and suggestions for future development were also addressed.

Key words: fruit crops, germplasm, breeding of new variety

中图分类号:

王力荣, 吴金龙. 中国果树种质资源研究与新品种选育70年[J]. 园艺学报, 2021, 48(4): 749-758.

WANG Lirong, WU Jinlong. Review for the Research of Fruit Tree Germplasm and Breeding of New Varieties in the Past Seven Decades in China[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(4): 749-758.

图/表 1

参考文献 42

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资源圃名称 Name of resource repository	保存份数 Number of accessions	资源圃名称 Name of resource repositor	保存份数 Number of accessions
国家果树种质兴城梨、苹果圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of pear and apple in Xingcheng	2 394	国家果树种质广州荔枝、香蕉圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of litchi and banana in Guangzhou	642
国家果树种质郑州葡萄、桃圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of grape and peach in Zhengzhou	2 908	国家果树种质福州龙眼、枇杷圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of longan and loquat in Fuzhou	1 071
国家果树种质重庆柑橘圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of citrus in Chongqing	1 753	国家果树种质北京桃、草莓圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of peach and strawberry in Beijing	865
国家果树种质泰安核桃、板栗圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of walnut and chestnut in Tai’an	888	国家果树种质熊岳李、杏圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of plum and apricot in Xiongyue	1 439
国家果树种质南京桃、草莓圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of peach and strawberry in Nanjing	1 070	国家果树种质沈阳山楂圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of hawthorn in Shenyang	470
国家果树种质新疆名特果树及砧木圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of special fruit and rootstock in Xinjiang	829	国家果树种质左家山葡萄圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of grape in Zuojiashan	415
国家果树种质云南特有果树及砧木圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of special fruit and rootstock in Yunnan	1 274	国家果梅杨梅种质资源圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of Japanese apricot and waxberry	500
国家果树种质眉县柿圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of persimmon in Meixian	817	国家猕猴桃种质资源圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of kiwifruit	1 200
国家果树种质太谷枣、葡萄圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of jujube and grape in Taigu	1 448	新疆伊犁苹果种质资源圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of apple in Yili,Xinjiang	60
国家果树种质武昌砂梨圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of pear in Wuchang	1 107	国家热带果树种质资源圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of tropical fruit	468
国家果树种质公主岭寒地果树圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of cold region fruit in Gongzhuling	1 430	总计Total	23 048

资源圃名称 Name of resource repository	保存份数 Number of accessions	资源圃名称 Name of resource repositor	保存份数 Number of accessions
国家果树种质兴城梨、苹果圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of pear and apple in Xingcheng	2 394	国家果树种质广州荔枝、香蕉圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of litchi and banana in Guangzhou	642
国家果树种质郑州葡萄、桃圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of grape and peach in Zhengzhou	2 908	国家果树种质福州龙眼、枇杷圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of longan and loquat in Fuzhou	1 071
国家果树种质重庆柑橘圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of citrus in Chongqing	1 753	国家果树种质北京桃、草莓圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of peach and strawberry in Beijing	865
国家果树种质泰安核桃、板栗圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of walnut and chestnut in Tai’an	888	国家果树种质熊岳李、杏圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of plum and apricot in Xiongyue	1 439
国家果树种质南京桃、草莓圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of peach and strawberry in Nanjing	1 070	国家果树种质沈阳山楂圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of hawthorn in Shenyang	470
国家果树种质新疆名特果树及砧木圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of special fruit and rootstock in Xinjiang	829	国家果树种质左家山葡萄圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of grape in Zuojiashan	415
国家果树种质云南特有果树及砧木圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of special fruit and rootstock in Yunnan	1 274	国家果梅杨梅种质资源圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of Japanese apricot and waxberry	500
国家果树种质眉县柿圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of persimmon in Meixian	817	国家猕猴桃种质资源圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of kiwifruit	1 200
国家果树种质太谷枣、葡萄圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of jujube and grape in Taigu	1 448	新疆伊犁苹果种质资源圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of apple in Yili,Xinjiang	60
国家果树种质武昌砂梨圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of pear in Wuchang	1 107	国家热带果树种质资源圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of tropical fruit	468
国家果树种质公主岭寒地果树圃 National fruit germplasm resources repository of cold region fruit in Gongzhuling	1 430	总计Total	23 048