基于8个农艺性状的569份果桑种质遗传多样性分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0931

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以桑树9个种569份果桑种质资源为材料,对其株高、发条数量、节间长度、每米枝条总芽数、每米枝条坐果芽数、坐果率、每米枝条坐果粒数、单芽坐果数等8个果实产量相关重要农艺性状分级后进行变异分析、相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析和判别分析等,筛选优良育种材料。分析结果表明,供试资源具有较为丰富的遗传多样性,8个农艺性状的变异系数范围为33.41% ~ 49.24%,其中变异系数最大的为每米枝条坐果粒数,最小的为株高;各性状遗传多样性指数在1.26 ~ 1.79之间,其中节间长度遗传多样性最高。株高与发条数量、节间长度极显著正相关,与每米枝条坐果粒数、单芽坐果数极显著负相关,与坐果率显著负相关。8个农艺性状可简化为3个主成分因子,前3个主成分综合叠加所提供的信息占全部信息量的80.367%;基于主成分结果,采用聚类分析对供试种质进行划分,可将其分为5个类群,第1类群7份种质,第2类群102份,第3类群208份,第4类群139份,第5类群113份。第5类群种质的生产性状最为优良,占全部种质数的19.86%,其中,综合性状得分高的种质TAI1、JP2、BR60、Ding50、YY201、QM1等可用于今后果桑新品种选育研究。

关键词: 桑, 果用, 种质资源, 农艺性状, 遗传多样性, 主成分分析, 聚类分析

Abstract:

In this study,569 mulberry germplasm resources of nine mulberry species（Morus atropurpurea Roxb.,M. alba L.,M. multicaulis Perr.,M. rotundiloba Koidz.,M. australis Poir,M. mallotifolia Koidz.,M. serrata Rox.,M. celtidifolia Kunth.,M.cathayana Hemsl.）were rated and evaluated by selecting eight important agronomic traits,which were plant height,shoot-sprouting number,internodal distance,bud number of per meter branch,fruits-set number per meter branch,percentage of fruits-set,fruit number per meter branch and fruit number per bud. Based on the rating data of agronomic traits,569 mulberry germplasm resources were identified and evaluated by variation analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis,cluster analysis and discriminant analysis. The results of variation analysis showed that these mulberry germplasm resources had relatively rich genetic diversity,and the variation coefficients of the eight agronomic traits ranged from 33.41% to 49.24%,among which the largest coefficient of variation was the number of fruits per meter branch and the smallest was plant height. The genetic diversity index of these 8 agronomic traits ranged from 1.26 to 1.79,which was the highest internode length. The correlation analysis showed that shoot-sprouting number was significantly positively correlated with fruits-set number per meter branch,percentage of fruits-set,fruit number per meter branch and the number of fruit number per bud. Principal component analysis of these eight agronomic traits showed that the additive contributing rate of first three principal components was 80.367%. Based on principal component results,569 mulberry germplasm resources were divided into 5 groups by cluster analysis. 113 germplasm with good agronomic traits were selected,accounting for 19.86% of all primes. Therefore the fruit mulberry germplasm resources of the group 5,such as TAI1,JP2,BR60,Ding50,YY201 and QM1,can be used as materials for breeding superior fruit mulberry cultivars.

Key words: mulberry, fruit use, germplasm resource, agronomic trait, genetic diversity, principal component analysis, cluster analysis

中图分类号:

S663.9

王振江, 罗国庆, 戴凡炜, 肖更生, 林森, 李智毅, 唐翠明. 基于8个农艺性状的569份果桑种质遗传多样性分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2021, 48(12): 2375-2384.

WANG Zhenjiang, LUO Guoqing, DAI Fanwei, XIAO Gengsheng, LIN Sen, LI Zhiyi, TANG Cuiming. Genetic Diversity of 569 Fruit Mulberry Germplasm Resources Based on Eight Agronomic Traits[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(12): 2375-2384.

图/表 10

参考文献 21

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代号 No.	性状 Trait	范围 Range	分级 Rank	频率/% Frequency
X1	株高 Plant height	矮Short	1	5.8
		较矮 Little short	2	16.3
		中 Middle	3	26.9
		较高 Little tall	4	31.6
		高 Tall	5	19.3
X2	发条数量 Shoot-sprouting number	少（无）Few or without	1	13.2
		较少 Little few	2	37.1
		较多 Little more	3	37.6
		多 More	4	12.1
X3	节间长度/cm Internodal distance	> 6.04	1	15.3
		5.65 < X3 ≤ 6.04	2	16.7
		5.26 < X3 ≤ 5.65	3	18.1
		4.87 < X3 ≤ 5.26	4	20.0
		4.48 < X3 ≤ 4.87	5	14.1
		≤ 4.48	6	15.8
X4	每米枝条总芽数	≤ 20.82	1	12.3
	Bud number of per meter branch	20.82 < X4 ≤ 23.61	2	10.9
		23.61 < X4 ≤ 26.40	3	31.1
		26.40 < X4 ≤ 29.19	4	21.4
		29.19 < X4 ≤ 1.98	5	12.1
		> 31.98	6	12.1
代号 No.	性状 Trait	范围 Range	分级 Rank	频率/% Frequency
X5	每米枝条坐果芽数 Fruit-set number per meter branch	≤ 13.96	1	17.2
		13.96 < X5 ≤ 17.15	2	8.1
		17.15 < X5 ≤ 20.34	3	17.9
		20.34 < X5 ≤ 23.53	4	23.9
		23.53 < X5≤ 26.72	5	18.8
		> 26.72	6	14.1
X6	坐果率/% Percentage of fruit-set	≤ 0.57	1	16.3
		0.57 < X6 ≤ 0.67	2	8.60
		0.67 < X6 ≤ 0.77	3	11.4
		0.77 < X6 ≤ 0.87	4	19.2
		0.87 < X6 ≤ 0.97	5	31.6
		> 0.97	6	12.8
X7	每米枝条坐果粒数 Fruit number per meter branch	≤ 40.10	1	18.1
		40.10 < X7 ≤ 62.97	2	14.6
		62.97 < X7 ≤ 85.84	3	19.5
		85.84 < X7 ≤ 108.71	4	18.3
		108.71 < X7 ≤ 131.58	5	14.1
		> 131.58	6	15.5
X8	单芽坐果数/粒 Fruit number per bud	≤ 1.60	1	17.2
		1.60 < X8 ≤ 2.44	2	14.6
		2.44 < X8 ≤ 3.28	3	18.6
		3.28 < X8 ≤ 4.12	4	19.7
		4.12 < X8 ≤ 4.96	5	16.3
		> 4.96	6	13.5

代号 No.	性状 Trait	范围 Range	分级 Rank	频率/% Frequency
X1	株高 Plant height	矮Short	1	5.8
		较矮 Little short	2	16.3
		中 Middle	3	26.9
		较高 Little tall	4	31.6
		高 Tall	5	19.3
X2	发条数量 Shoot-sprouting number	少（无）Few or without	1	13.2
		较少 Little few	2	37.1
		较多 Little more	3	37.6
		多 More	4	12.1
X3	节间长度/cm Internodal distance	> 6.04	1	15.3
		5.65 < X3 ≤ 6.04	2	16.7
		5.26 < X3 ≤ 5.65	3	18.1
		4.87 < X3 ≤ 5.26	4	20.0
		4.48 < X3 ≤ 4.87	5	14.1
		≤ 4.48	6	15.8
X4	每米枝条总芽数	≤ 20.82	1	12.3
	Bud number of per meter branch	20.82 < X4 ≤ 23.61	2	10.9
		23.61 < X4 ≤ 26.40	3	31.1
		26.40 < X4 ≤ 29.19	4	21.4
		29.19 < X4 ≤ 1.98	5	12.1
		> 31.98	6	12.1
代号 No.	性状 Trait	范围 Range	分级 Rank	频率/% Frequency
X5	每米枝条坐果芽数 Fruit-set number per meter branch	≤ 13.96	1	17.2
		13.96 < X5 ≤ 17.15	2	8.1
		17.15 < X5 ≤ 20.34	3	17.9
		20.34 < X5 ≤ 23.53	4	23.9
		23.53 < X5≤ 26.72	5	18.8
		> 26.72	6	14.1
X6	坐果率/% Percentage of fruit-set	≤ 0.57	1	16.3
		0.57 < X6 ≤ 0.67	2	8.60
		0.67 < X6 ≤ 0.77	3	11.4
		0.77 < X6 ≤ 0.87	4	19.2
		0.87 < X6 ≤ 0.97	5	31.6
		> 0.97	6	12.8
X7	每米枝条坐果粒数 Fruit number per meter branch	≤ 40.10	1	18.1
		40.10 < X7 ≤ 62.97	2	14.6
		62.97 < X7 ≤ 85.84	3	19.5
		85.84 < X7 ≤ 108.71	4	18.3
		108.71 < X7 ≤ 131.58	5	14.1
		> 131.58	6	15.5
X8	单芽坐果数/粒 Fruit number per bud	≤ 1.60	1	17.2
		1.60 < X8 ≤ 2.44	2	14.6
		2.44 < X8 ≤ 3.28	3	18.6
		3.28 < X8 ≤ 4.12	4	19.7
		4.12 < X8 ≤ 4.96	5	16.3
		> 4.96	6	13.5

种（数量） Species（Number）	X1	X2	X3	X4	X5	X6	X7	X8	均值 Mean
白桑（13） M. alba L.	1.44	1.06	1.27	1.42	1.41	1.67	1.59	1.52	1.42
广东桑（521） M. atropurpurea Roxb.	1.50	1.26	1.78	1.68	1.74	1.69	1.78	1.78	1.65
鲁桑（9） M. multicaulis Perr.	1.15	1.27	1.00	0.85	1.52	1.27	1.52	1.21	1.28
鸡桑（7） M. australis Poir	1.00	0.60	1.28	0.68	1.28	1.00	1.55	1.28	1.08
暹逻桑（8） M. rotundiloba Koidz.	1.07	0.66	1.26	1.08	0.66	1.08	1.04	0.97	0.98
马陆桑（6） M. mallotifolia Koidz.	1.01	1.10	1.01	1.01	1.10	1.56	1.10	1.28	1.15
印度桑（3） M. serrata Rox.	0.64	0	0.64	0	0.64	0.64	0	0.64	0.40
朴桑（1） M. celtidifolia Kunth.	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
华桑（1） M. cathayana Hemsl.	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

种（数量） Species（Number）	X1	X2	X3	X4	X5	X6	X7	X8	均值 Mean
白桑（13） M. alba L.	1.44	1.06	1.27	1.42	1.41	1.67	1.59	1.52	1.42
广东桑（521） M. atropurpurea Roxb.	1.50	1.26	1.78	1.68	1.74	1.69	1.78	1.78	1.65
鲁桑（9） M. multicaulis Perr.	1.15	1.27	1.00	0.85	1.52	1.27	1.52	1.21	1.28
鸡桑（7） M. australis Poir	1.00	0.60	1.28	0.68	1.28	1.00	1.55	1.28	1.08
暹逻桑（8） M. rotundiloba Koidz.	1.07	0.66	1.26	1.08	0.66	1.08	1.04	0.97	0.98
马陆桑（6） M. mallotifolia Koidz.	1.01	1.10	1.01	1.01	1.10	1.56	1.10	1.28	1.15
印度桑（3） M. serrata Rox.	0.64	0	0.64	0	0.64	0.64	0	0.64	0.40
朴桑（1） M. celtidifolia Kunth.	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
华桑（1） M. cathayana Hemsl.	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

性状 Trait	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数/% CV	F	遗传多样性 H
株高 Plant height	3.42	1.14	33.41	2.255	1.50
发条数量 Shoot-sprouting number	2.49	0.87	34.99	1.520	1.26
节间长度/cm Internodal distance	3.48	1.65	47.49	3.308	1.79
每米枝条总芽数 Bud number of per meter branch	3.47	1.48	42.59	3.764^*	1.70
每米枝条坐果芽数 Fruit-set number per meter branch	3.61	1.63	45.13	8.045^*	1.75
坐果率/% Percentage of fruit-set	3.80	1.65	43.46	8.244^*	1.70
每米枝条坐果粒数 Fruit number per meter branch	3.42	1.68	49.24	2.635	1.78
单芽坐果数/粒 Fruit number per bud	3.44	1.65	47.91	3.648	1.78