茶用菊苗期抗旱性和耐涝性的综合评价

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0799

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以54份茶用菊的扦插苗为材料,调查干旱和涝渍胁迫下的形态等13个性状指标,采用主成分分析、隶属函数分析、聚类分析和主效可加互作可乘（AMMI）模型等方法综合评价其抗旱性和耐涝性。结果表明,在6月和7月两次胁迫试验中茶用菊抗旱性和耐涝性的平均变异系数分别为25.21%和33.71%;主成分分析从10个抗旱和耐涝相关指标中提取出4个主成分,可以解释81.36%和80.52%的表型变异。基于隶属函数值的聚类分析将供试材料分为4个抗旱类型（抗旱、较抗旱、不抗旱和极不抗旱）和4个耐涝类型（耐涝、较耐涝、不耐涝和极不耐涝）。筛选出抗旱种质7份,其稳定性‘福白菊’>‘滁菊’> GH7-2 >‘黄小香菊’> HC6-12 >‘金菊3号’> CH;耐涝种质5份,其稳定性GH9-33 > GH7-2 > GH7-32 >‘杭白菊’> CH。AMMI分析发现CH、GC1-16、‘红心菊’和‘滁菊’的综合抗性较强。

关键词: 菊, 茶, 种质资源, 水分胁迫, 抗性评价, 主成分分析, 聚类分析, AMMI模型

Abstract:

In this study,the drought and waterlogging tolerance and their stability across different trials were evaluated by principle component analysis,membership function,cluster analysis,and additive main effects and multiplicative interaction（AMMI）model for 54 tea chrysanthemum accessions at seedling stage. The results showed that the average coefficient of variation for drought and waterlogging tolerance were 25.21% and 33.71%,respectively,across two trials in June and July. The principle component analysis extracted each four main components from ten drought and waterlogging-related traits that could explain 81.36% and 80.52% of phenotypic variation,respectively. The membership function value-based clustering analysis grouped the investigated tea chrysanthemums into four drought resistance types（resistant,moderate resistant,not resistant,and susceptible）and four waterlogging tolerant types（tolerant,moderate tolerant,not tolerant,and susceptible）,and significant differences were observed among different tolerance types. A total of seven drought and five waterlogging tolerant accessions were excavated,and the stability of drought tolerance for the seven accessions were sorted as‘Fubaiju’> ‘Chuju’> GH7-2 >‘Huang Xiaoxiangju’> HC6-12 >‘Jinju 3’> CH,while the stability of waterlogging tolerance of the five accessions were sorted as GH9-33 > GH7-2 > GH7-32 >‘Hangbaiju’> CH. In addition,CH,GC1-16,‘Hongxinju’,and‘Chuju’showed relatively strong tolerance to both drought and waterlogging stresses based on the AMMI analysis.

Key words: chrysanthemum, tea, germplasm resources, water stress, resistance evaluation, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, AMMI model

中图分类号:

S682.11

汤肖玮, 苏江硕, 管志勇, 房伟民, 陈发棣, 张飞. 茶用菊苗期抗旱性和耐涝性的综合评价[J]. 园艺学报, 2021, 48(12): 2443-2457.

TANG Xiaowei, SU Jiangshuo, GUAN Zhiyong, FANG Weimin, CHEN Fadi, ZHANG Fei. Comprehensive Evaluation of Tea Chrysanthemum’s Drought and Waterlogging Tolerance at Seedling Stage[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(12): 2443-2457.

图/表 14

参考文献 23

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编号 Code	名称 Name	来源 Source	编号 Code	名称 Name	来源 Source
1	CH	滁菊 × 杭白菊 Chuju × Hangbaiju	28	福白菊 Fubaiju	—
2	CH1-44	滁菊 × 杭白菊 Chuju × Hangbaiju	29	杭白菊 Hangbaiju	—
3	CH7-12	滁菊 × 杭白菊 Chuju × Hangbaiju	30	河北香菊 Hebei Xiangju	—
4	CH7-18	滁菊 × 杭白菊 Chuju × Hangbaiju	31	红心菊 Hongxinju	—
5	GC1-16	贡菊 × 滁菊 Gongju × Chuju	32	皇菊 Huangju	—
6	GC1-24	贡菊 × 滁菊 Gongju × Chuju	33	黄香梨 Huangxiangli	—
7	GC1-26	贡菊 × 滁菊 Gongju × Chuju	34	黄小香菊 Huang Xiaoxiangju	—
8	GC1-5	贡菊 × 滁菊 Gongju × Chuju	35	金菊1号Jinju 1	—
9	GH1-21	贡菊 × 杭白菊 Gongju × Hangbaiju	36	金菊3号 Jinju 3	—
10	GH1-3	贡菊 × 杭白菊 Gongju × Hangbaiju	37	金丝皇菊 Jinsi Huangju	—
11	GH1-8	贡菊 × 杭白菊 Gongju × Hangbaiju	38	九月菊 Jiuyueju	—
12	GH5-17	贡菊 × 杭白菊 Gongju × Hangbaiju	39	七月白 Qiyuebai	—
13	GH7-2	贡菊 × 杭白菊 Gongju × Hangbaiju	40	射阳大白菊 Sheyang Dabaiju	—
14	GH7-32	贡菊 × 杭白菊 Gongju × Hangbaiju	41	苏菊10号Suju 10	贡菊 × 滁菊 Gongju × Chuju
15	GH7-34	贡菊 × 杭白菊 Gongju × Hangbaiju	42	苏菊11号Suju 11	滁菊 × 杭白菊Chuju × Hangbaiju
16	GH7-57	贡菊 × 杭白菊 Gongju × Hangbaiju	43	苏菊12号Suju 12	滁菊 × 杭白菊Chuju × Hangbaiju
17	GH9-33	贡菊 × 杭白菊 Gongju × Hangbaiju	44	苏菊13号 Suju 13	滁菊 × 杭白菊Chuju × Hangbaiju
18	HC6-12	杭白菊 × 滁菊 Hangbaiju × Chuju	45	苏菊14号 Suju 14	贡菊 × 滁菊Gongju × Chuju
19	P16-32-4	皇菊 × 黄天赞 Huangju × Huangtianzan	46	苏菊6号 Suju 6	Qx-167 × 滁菊Qx-167 × Chuju
20	P16-33-1	皇菊 × 黄天赞 Huangju × Huangtianzan	47	苏菊7号 Suju 7	L34-1
21	P16-33-11	皇菊 × 黄天赞 Huangju × Huangtianzan	48	苏菊8号 Suju 8	L30-2
22	P16-33-6	皇菊 × 黄天赞 Huangju × Huangtianzan	49	苏菊9号Suju 9	滁菊 × 杭白菊Chuju × Hangbaiju
23	P16-33-7	皇菊 × 黄天赞 Huangju × Huangtianzan	50	晚贡菊 Wangongju	—
24	阿房宫 Epanggong	—	51	小黄菊 Xiaohuangju	—
25	白小香菊 Bai Xiaoxiangju	—	52	小洋花 Xiaoyanghua	—
26	滁菊 Chuju	—	53	休宁大白花 Xiuning Dabaihua	—
27	大洋花 Dayanghua	—	54	延命乐 Yanmingle	—

编号 Code	名称 Name	来源 Source	编号 Code	名称 Name	来源 Source
1	CH	滁菊 × 杭白菊 Chuju × Hangbaiju	28	福白菊 Fubaiju	—
2	CH1-44	滁菊 × 杭白菊 Chuju × Hangbaiju	29	杭白菊 Hangbaiju	—
3	CH7-12	滁菊 × 杭白菊 Chuju × Hangbaiju	30	河北香菊 Hebei Xiangju	—
4	CH7-18	滁菊 × 杭白菊 Chuju × Hangbaiju	31	红心菊 Hongxinju	—
5	GC1-16	贡菊 × 滁菊 Gongju × Chuju	32	皇菊 Huangju	—
6	GC1-24	贡菊 × 滁菊 Gongju × Chuju	33	黄香梨 Huangxiangli	—
7	GC1-26	贡菊 × 滁菊 Gongju × Chuju	34	黄小香菊 Huang Xiaoxiangju	—
8	GC1-5	贡菊 × 滁菊 Gongju × Chuju	35	金菊1号Jinju 1	—
9	GH1-21	贡菊 × 杭白菊 Gongju × Hangbaiju	36	金菊3号 Jinju 3	—
10	GH1-3	贡菊 × 杭白菊 Gongju × Hangbaiju	37	金丝皇菊 Jinsi Huangju	—
11	GH1-8	贡菊 × 杭白菊 Gongju × Hangbaiju	38	九月菊 Jiuyueju	—
12	GH5-17	贡菊 × 杭白菊 Gongju × Hangbaiju	39	七月白 Qiyuebai	—
13	GH7-2	贡菊 × 杭白菊 Gongju × Hangbaiju	40	射阳大白菊 Sheyang Dabaiju	—
14	GH7-32	贡菊 × 杭白菊 Gongju × Hangbaiju	41	苏菊10号Suju 10	贡菊 × 滁菊 Gongju × Chuju
15	GH7-34	贡菊 × 杭白菊 Gongju × Hangbaiju	42	苏菊11号Suju 11	滁菊 × 杭白菊Chuju × Hangbaiju
16	GH7-57	贡菊 × 杭白菊 Gongju × Hangbaiju	43	苏菊12号Suju 12	滁菊 × 杭白菊Chuju × Hangbaiju
17	GH9-33	贡菊 × 杭白菊 Gongju × Hangbaiju	44	苏菊13号 Suju 13	滁菊 × 杭白菊Chuju × Hangbaiju
18	HC6-12	杭白菊 × 滁菊 Hangbaiju × Chuju	45	苏菊14号 Suju 14	贡菊 × 滁菊Gongju × Chuju
19	P16-32-4	皇菊 × 黄天赞 Huangju × Huangtianzan	46	苏菊6号 Suju 6	Qx-167 × 滁菊Qx-167 × Chuju
20	P16-33-1	皇菊 × 黄天赞 Huangju × Huangtianzan	47	苏菊7号 Suju 7	L34-1
21	P16-33-11	皇菊 × 黄天赞 Huangju × Huangtianzan	48	苏菊8号 Suju 8	L30-2
22	P16-33-6	皇菊 × 黄天赞 Huangju × Huangtianzan	49	苏菊9号Suju 9	滁菊 × 杭白菊Chuju × Hangbaiju
23	P16-33-7	皇菊 × 黄天赞 Huangju × Huangtianzan	50	晚贡菊 Wangongju	—
24	阿房宫 Epanggong	—	51	小黄菊 Xiaohuangju	—
25	白小香菊 Bai Xiaoxiangju	—	52	小洋花 Xiaoyanghua	—
26	滁菊 Chuju	—	53	休宁大白花 Xiuning Dabaihua	—
27	大洋花 Dayanghua	—	54	延命乐 Yanmingle	—

得分	叶形态	叶色	茎形态	茎色
Score	Leaf morphology	Leaf color	Stem morphology	Stem color
1	大多数腐烂、皱缩、干枯 Most leaves seriously crimpled and dried	黄色或褐色腐烂叶 > 1/2 Yellow and rotted leaves > 1/2	水渍状腐烂 Seriously decomposed	发黑 Black
2	下层腐烂,中上层褶皱、干枯 Upper leaves become decaying, crimple and dry	黄色或褐色腐烂叶 1/3 至 1/2 Yellow and rotted leaves between 1/3 and 1/2	水渍状肥肿 Surface bloated	褐化 Dark brown
3	上层严重枯萎,下层边缘卷起 All leaves wilted and lower leaves brim rolled	黄色或褐色腐烂叶 < 1/3 Yellow and rotted leaves < 1/3	表面水渍状膨大 Surface slightly expanded	浅褐色 Pale brown
4	上层稍微枯萎,中下层下垂 Upper leave slightly wilted and middle-lower leaves drooping	近水处边缘失绿 Leaf edges close to the water appear chlorosis	正常 No symptoms	自然色 Normal color
5	中下层萎蔫下垂 Middle-lower leaves wilted	全株绿色 Normal color	-	-
6	下层萎蔫下垂 Lower leaves slightly wilted	-	-	-
7	自然外展No symptoms	-	-	-

得分	叶形态	叶色	茎形态	茎色
Score	Leaf morphology	Leaf color	Stem morphology	Stem color
1	大多数腐烂、皱缩、干枯 Most leaves seriously crimpled and dried	黄色或褐色腐烂叶 > 1/2 Yellow and rotted leaves > 1/2	水渍状腐烂 Seriously decomposed	发黑 Black
2	下层腐烂,中上层褶皱、干枯 Upper leaves become decaying, crimple and dry	黄色或褐色腐烂叶 1/3 至 1/2 Yellow and rotted leaves between 1/3 and 1/2	水渍状肥肿 Surface bloated	褐化 Dark brown
3	上层严重枯萎,下层边缘卷起 All leaves wilted and lower leaves brim rolled	黄色或褐色腐烂叶 < 1/3 Yellow and rotted leaves < 1/3	表面水渍状膨大 Surface slightly expanded	浅褐色 Pale brown
4	上层稍微枯萎,中下层下垂 Upper leave slightly wilted and middle-lower leaves drooping	近水处边缘失绿 Leaf edges close to the water appear chlorosis	正常 No symptoms	自然色 Normal color
5	中下层萎蔫下垂 Middle-lower leaves wilted	全株绿色 Normal color	-	-
6	下层萎蔫下垂 Lower leaves slightly wilted	-	-	-
7	自然外展No symptoms	-	-	-

编号 Code	地上鲜样质量/g Fresh shoot weight		地下鲜样质量/g Fresh root weight		株高/cm Plant height		根长/cm Root length		地上干样质量/g Dry shoot weight			地下干样质量/g Dry root weight			萎蔫指数 Wilting index	存活率 Survival rate
编号 Code	T	CK	T	CK	T	CK	T	CK	T		CK	T	CK		萎蔫指数 Wilting index	存活率 Survival rate
1	0.55	2.75	0.15	0.49	13.21	18.09	10.96	12.44	0.30		0.37	0.12	0.13		4.08	0.67
2	0.49	2.72	0.15	0.64	10.57	15.99	13.21	15.52	0.27		0.38	0.10	0.16		3.43	0.82
3	0.65	1.85	0.22	0.56	10.49	11.96	13.21	13.76	0.25		0.31	0.15	0.15		2.33	1.00
4	0.48	2.00	0.16	0.43	11.73	16.64	12.55	13.40	0.24		0.38	0.10	0.22		4.03	0.76
5	0.60	1.76	0.16	0.34	11.61	14.01	9.44	11.67	0.28		0.25	0.11	0.11		2.48	0.97
6	0.50	1.42	0.17	0.43	11.70	14.37	12.78	14.28	0.22		0.23	0.14	0.11		2.69	0.78
7	0.62	2.77	0.21	0.61	11.49	16.15	9.81	13.11	0.37		0.49	0.18	0.19		2.46	0.64
8	0.58	2.20	0.16	0.49	11.28	15.58	11.06	13.09	0.30		0.30	0.11	0.14		3.09	0.20
9	0.65	2.22	0.18	0.40	12.03	14.79	12.33	13.52	0.27		0.38	0.12	0.12		2.48	0.92
10	0.38	2.00	0.12	0.50	11.58	16.52	10.85	13.31	0.29		0.33	0.10	0.16		2.83	0.00
11	0.48	2.19	0.18	0.52	13.05	16.68	11.74	13.08	0.30		0.37	0.13	0.15		4.27	0.00
12	0.64	2.96	0.12	0.46	13.21	19.02	11.00	13.30	0.25		0.40	0.07	0.11		3.17	0.66
13	0.58	1.35	0.16	0.38	10.18	12.20	13.50	13.55	0.19		0.18	0.07	0.11		2.68	1.00
14	0.26	1.90	0.09	0.45	11.68	15.95	9.00	11.65	0.18		0.36	0.08	0.20		2.71	0.75
15	0.43	2.19	0.24	0.69	11.89	16.36	10.95	12.87	0.27		0.38	0.18	0.25		3.13	0.74
16	0.63	1.99	0.21	0.65	14.17	17.47	11.48	12.10	0.29		0.36	0.15	0.22		3.06	1.00
17	0.48	2.64	0.17	0.51	12.79	17.00	10.71	11.72	0.32		0.44	0.12	0.17		3.29	0.14
18	0.65	2.26	0.18	0.32	10.50	12.20	14.41	13.33	0.22		0.27	0.10	0.12		2.43	1.00
19	0.84	2.77	0.23	0.80	11.83	15.73	11.98	11.96	0.37		0.48	0.14	0.24		3.02	0.68
20	0.83	2.53	0.20	0.61	15.07	17.93	13.93	14.95	0.35		0.44	0.07	0.17		2.96	0.60
21	1.45	3.39	0.31	0.95	14.15	17.48	11.99	13.02	0.29		0.45	0.16	0.30		3.38	0.90
22	0.77	2.69	0.18	0.57	13.42	18.15	14.71	16.41	0.31		0.41	0.10	0.14		2.58	0.90
23	0.76	2.81	0.24	0.62	14.73	18.49	14.89	14.52	0.34		0.40	0.14	0.19		2.77	0.82
24	0.52	2.12	0.20	0.53	10.54	13.82	11.66	13.82	0.21		0.34	0.15	0.18		2.20	0.93
25	0.34	1.79	0.23	0.70	10.62	13.98	13.15	14.50	0.28		0.33	0.17	0.17		4.38	0.00
26	0.67	1.44	0.22	0.44	11.47	13.02	13.51	14.43	0.24		0.26	0.14	0.13		2.37	1.00
27	0.43	1.59	0.16	0.54	9.78	12.68	12.79	12.58	0.26		0.31	0.11	0.17		3.59	0.83
编号 Code	地上鲜样质量/g Fresh shoot weight		地下鲜样质量/g Fresh root weight weight		株高/cm Plant height		根长/cm Root length		地上干样质量/g Dry shoot weight			地下干样质量/g Dry root weight weight			萎蔫指数 Wilting index	存活率 Survival rate
编号 Code	T	CK	T	CK	T	CK	T	CK	T	CK		T		CK	萎蔫指数 Wilting index	存活率 Survival rate
28	0.70	1.69	0.21	0.42	10.77	12.42	14.75	16.89	0.27	0.26		0.12		0.18	2.81	1.00
29	0.64	2.02	0.15	0.55	11.57	13.84	11.56	13.07	0.30	0.38		0.11		0.19	3.12	0.89
30	0.58	1.36	0.26	0.53	8.86	12.69	10.29	12.53	0.20	0.23		0.14		0.14	1.68	1.00
31	0.63	1.93	0.18	0.48	10.69	13.73	13.87	14.53	0.23	0.30		0.12		0.14	2.12	0.89
32	0.61	2.67	0.15	0.57	16.36	19.11	13.92	14.38	0.37	0.45		0.10		0.15	3.26	0.29
33	0.68	1.08	0.16	0.38	8.39	9.80	11.03	11.93	0.16	0.18		0.06		0.10	1.22	1.00
34	0.52	1.57	0.29	0.54	13.51	15.62	13.43	14.79	0.28	0.30		0.21		0.17	2.74	0.90
35	0.75	2.80	0.24	0.66	13.97	18.31	13.85	14.15	0.38	0.47		0.16		0.19	3.12	0.55
36	0.64	1.38	0.20	0.39	11.62	11.72	13.31	11.78	0.19	0.25		0.09		0.10	2.36	1.00
37	0.84	3.13	0.17	0.68	11.69	13.25	10.77	11.63	0.38	0.48		0.10		0.15	2.83	1.00
38	0.35	1.02	0.23	0.65	6.13	8.51	12.59	14.35	0.13	0.16		0.15		0.21	2.40	1.00
39	0.44	1.85	0.11	0.40	9.87	14.44	8.16	10.00	0.18	0.26		0.06		0.11	2.25	0.90
40	0.69	2.25	0.19	0.61	12.31	15.20	11.98	15.15	0.35	0.41		0.13		0.19	2.40	0.91
41	0.60	2.19	0.21	0.49	12.42	16.40	14.11	13.26	0.23	0.29		0.14		0.11	2.25	0.85
42	0.43	1.88	0.16	0.57	11.84	15.70	11.19	14.03	0.24	0.29		0.11		0.14	3.47	0.80
43	0.52	2.34	0.17	0.52	10.25	12.95	11.74	13.01	0.24	0.30		0.10		0.14	2.05	1.00
44	0.42	2.49	0.19	0.72	12.59	16.93	11.11	12.13	0.28	0.36		0.14		0.20	4.04	0.00
45	0.41	2.31	0.15	0.62	12.41	17.75	10.61	12.47	0.21	0.32		0.10		0.14	2.42	0.65
46	0.44	1.31	0.23	0.52	7.55	10.30	12.92	13.73	0.24	0.29		0.15		0.15	1.83	1.00
47	8.65	6.86	4.32	5.29	6.51	8.22	5.01	4.20	0.26	0.27		0.17		0.17	2.35	0.79
48	0.42	1.49	0.13	0.62	7.92	9.96	9.21	13.75	0.19	0.20		0.12		0.13	3.02	0.15
49	0.49	2.34	0.23	0.67	11.64	16.10	10.51	14.16	0.35	0.39		0.20		0.17	2.66	1.00
50	0.68	1.65	0.24	0.71	12.43	12.97	12.23	14.86	0.33	0.39		0.18		0.25	2.96	1.00
51	0.28	1.59	0.23	0.45	10.73	17.86	12.04	14.94	0.16	0.25		0.12		1.73	2.78	0.75
52	0.40	1.28	0.13	0.37	10.46	12.18	14.15	13.40	0.16	0.25		0.07		0.14	2.57	0.93
53	0.51	2.13	0.16	0.66	13.03	13.48	10.67	10.50	0.25	0.35		0.10		0.21	3.06	0.48
54	0.70	1.62	0.24	0.55	9.19	11.90	15.03	14.61	0.19	0.25		0.10		0.13	1.71	1.00