萝卜NWB-CMS育性恢复基因的遗传分析及初步定位

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0116

园艺学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (5): 1351-1363.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0116

• 遗传育种·种质资源·分子生物学 • 上一篇下一篇

萝卜NWB-CMS育性恢复基因的遗传分析及初步定位

王庆彪¹, 王艳萍¹, 吴翔宇¹, 陈宁杰¹, 池婷¹, 化定珠¹, 葛艾伶¹, 郭宇¹, 魏蕾²^,^*(), 张丽¹^,^*()

¹ 北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究所，蔬菜生物育种全国重点实验室，华北地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室，蔬菜种质改良北京市重点实验室，北京 100097
² 北京市农林科学院数据科学与农业经济研究所，北京 100097

收稿日期:2025-02-12 修回日期:2025-05-12 出版日期:2025-05-25 发布日期:2025-05-21
通讯作者:
*E-mail：zhangli@nercv.org，
weilei@baafs.net.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32172576); 北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20230126); 北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20210420); 北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究所改革与发展项目(KYCX202302)

Genetic Analysis and Preliminary Mapping of the Fertility Restoration Gene for NWB-CMS in Radish（Raphanus sativus）

WANG Qingbiao¹, WANG Yanping¹, WU Xiangyu¹, CHEN Ningjie¹, CHI Ting¹, HUA Dingzhu¹, GE Ailing¹, GUO Yu¹, WEI Lei²^,^*(), ZHANG Li¹^,^*()

¹ Beijing Vegetable Research Center，Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences，State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding，Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops（North China），Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement，Beijing 100097，China
² Institute of Data Science and Agricultural Economics，Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences，Beijing 100097，China

Received:2025-02-12 Revised:2025-05-12 Published:2025-05-25 Online:2025-05-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

萝卜（Raphanus sativus L.）NWB细胞质雄性不育NWB-CMS是一种不同于Ogura-CMS的不育源，目前已经广泛应用于萝卜杂交育种。以10份东亚大长萝卜（R. sativus var. hortensis L.）和6份欧洲小萝卜（R. sativus var. sativus L.）为父本，对NWB-CMS进行遗传测试，解析NWB-CMS育性恢复的遗传规律，并在此基础上对育性恢复基因进行初步定位。结果表明，欧洲小萝卜普遍能够恢复NWB-CMS的育性，且不同品种包含的育性恢复基因数量不同，至少存在3个育性恢复基因。其中恢复系“KP”的育性恢复受两对显性上位性主基因加微效基因控制。利用混合群体分离分析，将育性恢复基因定位在Chr1：32.5 ~ 33.7 Mb（Rfn1.1）、Chr 9：12.2 ~ 13.3 Mb（Rfn9.1）和Chr4：16.7 ~ 18.6 Mb（Rfn4.1）、31.9 ~ 33.1 Mb（Rfn4.2）、34.3 ~ 37.9 Mb（Rfn4.3）范围内。对Rfn4位点进一步定位和分析发现，3个定位区间之间可能存在染色体大片段重复和倒位等结构变异。针对该位点开发的Rf-118等分子标记可用于雄性不育系的辅助选育和辅助追踪Rfn4位点，便于筛选和定位其他育性恢复基因位点。

关键词: 萝卜, NWB细胞质雄性不育, 育性恢复, 基因定位

Abstract:

NWB cytoplasmic male sterility（NWB-CMS）in radish（Raphanus sativus L.）represents a novel sterility source distinct from Ogura-CMS and has been widely utilized in hybrid breeding. This study investigated the genetic model underlying fertility restoration of NWB-CMS through extensive genetic testing using ten East Asia big long radish（R. sativus var. hortensis L.）and six European small radish（R.sativus var. sativus L.）and preliminary mapping of restorer fertility genes. Results revealed that fertility-restoring materials predominantly originated from the European small radish subspecies，with varying numbers of restorer genes across different nuclear backgrounds. At least three independent restorer loci were identified for NWB-CMS. In the F₂ segregating population derived from the cross between sterile line“YB-A” and restorer line“KP”，fertility restoration followed a genetic model controlled by one major gene and multiple minor-effect genes. Bulk segregant analysis localized the restorer genes to chromosomal regions Chr1:32.5-33.7 Mb（Rfn1.1），Chr9:12.2-13.3 Mb（Rfn9.1），and Chr4:16.7-18.6 Mb（Rfn4.1），31.9-33.1 Mb（Rfn4.2），and 34.3-37.9 Mb（Rfn4.3）. Further analysis of the Rfn4 locus suggested potential large-segment duplications and chromosomal inversions among the three targeted genomic intervals. Molecular markers（Rf-118 etc.）specific to the Rfn4 locus were developed to marker-assisted selection of male-sterile lines and to facilitate precise tracking of the Rfn4 locus，which aid in the screening and localization of additional fertility-restoring loci.

Key words: radish, NWB cytoplasmic male sterility, restorer of fertility, gene mapping

王庆彪, 王艳萍, 吴翔宇, 陈宁杰, 池婷, 化定珠, 葛艾伶, 郭宇, 魏蕾, 张丽. 萝卜NWB-CMS育性恢复基因的遗传分析及初步定位[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(5): 1351-1363.

WANG Qingbiao, WANG Yanping, WU Xiangyu, CHEN Ningjie, CHI Ting, HUA Dingzhu, GE Ailing, GUO Yu, WEI Lei, ZHANG Li. Genetic Analysis and Preliminary Mapping of the Fertility Restoration Gene for NWB-CMS in Radish（Raphanus sativus）[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(5): 1351-1363.

图/表 9

表1 本研究中使用的多态性InDel引物

Table 1 The polymorphic InDel primers used in this study

标记 Marker	位置 Position	正向引物（5′-3′） Forward primer	反向引物（5′-3′） Reverse primer
Rf-117	16109162	TCTCGCGGATGTAGTAAGCT	TTACGTGCCAATTATGTAGGAGAA
Rf-6	17270936	GCCACTATCACAATACTAGCATGA	ACTTGATTCTTGCAGAGTGATTGA
Rf-8	18574289	ACGCATTTTCGATGTGTGTACA	TGAGGGATATGATCTGCATTGTCA
Rf-113	19086196	TCTGGTCCAAGTCAGGAGGA	GGGGAGTGACAAGAACCTGA
Rf-1	31297167	CCACCTGTCTCGTTGAAGGA	TCTCAAGTCTGATTCCCCGC
Rf-120	33851811	CCACATACAGATTAACAGTGCCC	AGATTTCACTTTTGGGTTTTGGTTT
Rf-119	34029651	CCCGAGAAAGCCTAACTGCT	AAGGAACAAAGGCCAAGGGT
Rf-122	37683242	GGCATAGGTAGCAGGAGGC	TCCGTAAAACCCTAAACCGCA
Rf-118	38202091	AGTGACGTGGCACTCTCAAA	TTTATCGTCGGCAAAATTTGATGA
Rf-10	38864737	CTTTGCGCGGGTCTTTCAAA	ACACCTTGTGACTGAAGAGGA
Rf-11	39147363	TCCAATATATAATGGCTTTTGTGCAAA	TGAGATCGGCGGAAGACTTG
Rf-14	40214027	AAACTTACTTGTGTCGGAGATCC	CCTTCTAGAACATTTACTCTCCAGGT
Rf-16	42080242	GCCAAGACACAGTACGGTCA	CGAGTCAGGAAGCTGGTCAT
Rf-128	42368813	ACATCTCTGGGGAAAAAGCTTT	GCTATAGTCCCCGCATCAAGT
Rf-131	40586659	TGTTTTACCGTTACATTCAGTTTCAGT	CCAAAAGCCTATTCAACACTCGT

表2 NWB-CMS育性恢复性状的遗传模式

Table 2 Inheritance patterns of fertility restoration of NWB-CMS

父本种类 Male subspecies	亲本来源 Parental origin	世代 Generation	F:MF:S		χ²	P
父本种类 Male subspecies	亲本来源 Parental origin	世代 Generation	观测值Observed	期望值Expected	χ²	P
东亚大长萝卜	YB-A × 短叶13 Duanye 13	F₁	0:0:15	0:0:1	0	1
East Asia big long	YB-A × 象牙白 Xiangyabai	F₁	0:0:15	0:0:1	0	1
radish	YB-A × 潍县青 Weixianqing	F₁	0:0:15	0:0:1	0	1
	YB-A × YR Tengu	F₁	0:0:15	0:0:1	0	1
	YB-A × YR Kurama	F₁	0:0:15	0:0:1	0	1
	YB-A × 西星5号 Xixing 5	F₁	0:0:15	0:0:1	0	1
	YB-A × 卫青萝卜 Weiqing	F₁	0:0:15	0:0:1	0	1
	YB-A × 锦州五斤红 Jinzhou Wujinhong	F₁	0:0:15	0:0:1	0	1
	YB-A × 北京花叶心里美 Beijing Huaye Xinlimei	F₁	0:0:15	0:0:1	0	1
	YB-A × 板叶心里美 Banye Xinlimei	F₁	0:0:15	0:0:1	0	1
欧洲小萝卜	YB-A × KP	F₁	0:0:15	0:0:1	0	1
European small		F₂-1	114:24:10	12:3:1	0.65	0.72
radish		F₂-2	238:68:29	12:3:1	4.23	0.12
		BC₁	136:74:84	2:1:1	2.33	0.31
	YB-A × лΑТΑ	F₁	15:0:0	1:0:0	0	1
		F₂	288:0:16	15:0:1	0.51	0.48
	YB-A × NST601	F₁	15:0:0	1:0:0	0	1
		F₂	275:0:6	63:0:1	0.60	0.44
	YB-A × DQG	F₁	15:0:0	1:0:0	0	1
		F₂	282:0:1	63:1	2.69	0.10
	YB-A × 红樱桃 Hongyingtao	F₁	15:0:0	1:0:0	0	1
		F₂	266:0:4	63:0:1	0.01	0.91
	YB-A × GiSi	F₁	15:0:0	1:0:0	0	1
		F₂	287:0:19	15:0:1	< 0.001	0.98

图1 YB-A × KP的F2群体中不同育性单株成熟花粉粒阶段的花药细胞学结构 A：可育株；B和C：微量花粉株；D：不育株。PS：花粉囊；PG：花粉粒。红色箭头表示有活力的花粉粒被染成深色

Fig. 1 Microscopical structure of anthers at mature pollen grain stages of F2 individuals（YB-A × KP) A：Fertile plant；B and C：Micro- fertile plant；D：Sterile plant. PS：Pollen sac；PG：Pollen grain. The red arrows indicate viable pollen grains stained darkly

图2 ΔSNP/Indel -index分布图 A：可育池和不育池间的比较；B：微量花粉池和不育池间的比较；C：可育池和微量花粉池间的比较。散点图为原始值，黑色曲线为窗口拟合值。随机进行1 000次置换检验，红色线表示99%置信水平，蓝色线表示95%置信水平

Fig. 2 Distribution of ΔSNP/Indel index A：F_pool vs. S_pool；B：MF_pool vs. S_poll；C：F_pool vs. MF_pool. The scatter plot represents the raw values，and the black curve is the fitted value based on the sliding-window. A random permutation test was performed 1 000 times，with the red line indicating the 99% confidence level and the blue line indicating the 95% confidence level

表3 NWB-CMS育性恢复基因初定位区间及区间内基因统计

Table 3 Preliminary mapping intervals for NWB-CMS fertility restoration genes and statistics within these intervals

极端池 Extreme pool	位点 QTL	起始 ~ 终止/Mb Start-End	区间大小/Mb Region length	SNP和InDel数量 No. of SNPs and InDels	基因数 No. of genes
F_pool vs. S_pool	Chr1：Rfn1.1	32.5 ~ 33.7	1.2	5 517	5
MF_pool vs. S_pool	Chr1：Rfn1.1	32.5 ~ 33.7	1.2	5 469	5
	Chr9：Rfn9.1	12.2 ~ 13.3	1.1	34 167	128
F_pool vs. MF_pool	Chr4：Rfn4.1	16.7 ~ 18.6	1.9	60 301	167
	Chr4：Rfn4.2	31.9 ~ 33.1	1.2	28 059	55
	Chr4：Rfn4.3	34.3 ~ 37.9	3.6	54 362	106

图3 Rfn4定位区间内YB-A × KP的F2群体中重组单株的InDel标记基因型虚线条间为基因定位区间。F：可育；S：不育黑框表示和不育系YB-A基因型一致；白框表示和恢复系KP基因型一致；灰框表示杂合基因型

Fig. 3 Genotypes of recombinant plants in the F2 population（YB-A×KP）using InDel markers within the Rfn4 localization interval The region between dashed lines indicates the refined interval for further gene mapping. F：Fertility；S：Sterility. Black boxes represent genotypes identical to the sterile line YB-A，white boxes correspond to the restorer line KP，and gray boxes indicate heterozygous genotypes

表4 NWB-CMS育性恢复基因QTL区域在不同基因组中的线性比对

Table 4 Linear alignment of QTL regions for fertility restoration genes of NWB-CMS across genomes

基因组 Genome	位点/Mb Location
基因组 Genome	Rfn4.1	Rfn4.2	Rfn4.3
ROD	15.4 ~ 18.7	31.9 ~ 33.1	34.2 ~ 37.9
RS03	15.9 ~ 19.0	35.6 ~ 36.5	33.2 ~ 34.5
RS04	16.0 ~ 19.4	35.2 ~ 36.1	32.7 ~ 33.7
RS05	16.4 ~ 19.8	36.3 ~ 37.2	33.4 ~ 35.2
RS06	16.0 ~ 19.2	35.9 ~ 36.4	33.4 ~ 34.4
WK10039	18.7 ~ 23.7	29.0 ~ 29.2	19.1 ~ 23.7
XYB36-2	16.0 ~ 21.1	25.2 ~ 27.6	25.4 ~ 26.5

图4 Rfn4定位区间内共线性和结构变异分析黄色和蓝色线条分别表示倒位和重复。横坐标表示Rfn4定位区间片段的相对位置

Fig. 4 Collinearity and structural variation analysis within the Rfn4 mapped interval Yellow and blue lines represent inversions and duplications，respectively. The horizontal axis indicates the relative position of fragments in the Rfn4 mapped interval

图5 NWB-CMS育性恢复Rfn4位点内Rf-118、Rf-119、Rf-120和Rf-122标记在F2-2群体中的基因分型上带表示YB-A相同等位基因“aa”，下带表示恢复系KP相同等位基因“AA”，双带表示杂合类型“Aa”

Fig. 5 Genotyping of the Rf-118，Rf-119，Rf-120，Rf-122 marker within the Rfn4 fertility restoration locus of NWB-CMS in the F2-2 population The upper band represents the“aa”allele identical to YB-A，the lower band represents the“AA”allele identical to the restorer line KP，and the double band represents the heterozygous type“Aa”

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萝卜NWB-CMS育性恢复基因的遗传分析及初步定位

Genetic Analysis and Preliminary Mapping of the Fertility Restoration Gene for NWB-CMS in Radish（Raphanus sativus）

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萝卜NWB-CMS育性恢复基因的遗传分析及初步定位

Genetic Analysis and Preliminary Mapping of the Fertility Restoration Gene for NWB-CMS in Radish（Raphanus sativus）

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