植物叶黄素酯化研究进展

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0311

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

综述了叶黄素酯化种类的多样性、常见园艺产品中叶黄素的酯化程度以及植物物种/品种、组织类型和发育阶段等因素对酯化程度的影响、酯化基因的分离和特性的影响、叶黄素酯化对质体发育和类胡萝卜素积累的作用等方面的研究进展，并对未来研究做出展望。

关键词: 叶黄素酯, 叶黄素, 脂肪酸, 叶黄素酯化基因, 类胡萝卜素, 质体

Abstract:

This review introduced the diversity of xanthophyll esters，the degree of xanthophyll esterification in common horticultural products as affected by species and varieties，tissue types，and developmental stages. After that，isolation and characteristics of esterification genes in plants，as well as the effects of esterification on plastid development and carotenoid accumulation were summarized. Finally，prospects for future research were proposed.

Key words: xanthophyll ester, xanthophyll, fatty acid, xanthophyll esterification gene, carotenoid, plastid

汪书杰, 栾雨婷, 徐昌杰. 植物叶黄素酯化研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(9): 1830-1840.

WANG Shujie, LUAN Yuting, XU Changjie. Research Progresses on Plant Xanthophyll Esterification[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(9): 1830-1840.

图/表 4

参考文献 63

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脂肪酸 Fatty acid	C原子数 Number of C atoms	C=C双键数 Number of C=C	代表植物 Representative plant	参考文献 Reference
丁酸 Butyric acid	4	0	杧果 Mango	de Jesus Ornelas-Paz et al.,2007
己酸 Hexanoic acid	6	0	Allophylus psilospermus	Murillo et al.,2013
辛酸 Caprylic acid	8	0	Allophylus psilospermus	Murillo et al.,2013
癸酸 Capric acid	10	0	草莓树 Strawberry tree	Delgado-Pelayo et al.,2016
月桂酸 Lauric acid	12	0	杏，杧果 Apricot，mango	Kurz et al.,2008
肉豆蔻酸 Myristic acid	14	0	南瓜，杏 Pumpkin，apricot	Kurz et al.,2008
棕榈酸 Palmitic acid	16	0	苹果，番木瓜 Apple，papaya	Delgado-Pelayo et al.,2014
棕榈油酸 Palmitoleic acid	16	1	甜橙，桃 Orange，peach	Petry et al.,2016
硬脂酸 Stearic acid	18	0	苹果，椪柑 Apple，ponkan	Delgado-Pelayo et al.,2014
油酸 Oleic acid	18	1	腰果 Cashew apple	de Abreu et al.,2013
亚油酸 Linoleic acid	18	2	辣椒 Pepper	Mínguez-Mosquera & Hornero-Méndez,1994

脂肪酸 Fatty acid	C原子数 Number of C atoms	C=C双键数 Number of C=C	代表植物 Representative plant	参考文献 Reference
丁酸 Butyric acid	4	0	杧果 Mango	de Jesus Ornelas-Paz et al.,2007
己酸 Hexanoic acid	6	0	Allophylus psilospermus	Murillo et al.,2013
辛酸 Caprylic acid	8	0	Allophylus psilospermus	Murillo et al.,2013
癸酸 Capric acid	10	0	草莓树 Strawberry tree	Delgado-Pelayo et al.,2016
月桂酸 Lauric acid	12	0	杏，杧果 Apricot，mango	Kurz et al.,2008
肉豆蔻酸 Myristic acid	14	0	南瓜，杏 Pumpkin，apricot	Kurz et al.,2008
棕榈酸 Palmitic acid	16	0	苹果，番木瓜 Apple，papaya	Delgado-Pelayo et al.,2014
棕榈油酸 Palmitoleic acid	16	1	甜橙，桃 Orange，peach	Petry et al.,2016
硬脂酸 Stearic acid	18	0	苹果，椪柑 Apple，ponkan	Delgado-Pelayo et al.,2014
油酸 Oleic acid	18	1	腰果 Cashew apple	de Abreu et al.,2013
亚油酸 Linoleic acid	18	2	辣椒 Pepper	Mínguez-Mosquera & Hornero-Méndez,1994

物种 Species	组织 Tissue	叶黄素在总类胡萝卜素中含量占比/% Percentage of xanthophyll content among total carotenoids	叶黄素酯与总叶黄素含量的比值 Ratio of xanthophyll ester content to total xanthophylls	参考文献 Reference
Frutita Allophylus psilospermus	果肉Pulp	82	0.64	Murillo et al.,2013
腰果Anacardium occidentale	果皮Peel	31 ~ 49	0.90	Schweiggert et al.,2016
	果肉Pulp	17 ~ 40	0.91 ~ 0.98
草莓树Arbutus unedo	果肉Pulp	95	0.91	Delgado-Pelayo et al.,2016
番木瓜 Carica papaya	果皮Peel	70	0.23 ~ 0.50	Lara-Abia et al.,2021
	果肉Pulp	48	0.55 ~ 0.84
克里曼丁 Citrus clementina	果皮Peel	88	0.94	Zacarías-García et al.,2021
	果肉Pulp	76	0.90
柠檬 Citrus limon	果皮Peel	17	0.14	Zacarías-García et al.,2021
	果肉Pulp	44	0.50
柚子 Citrus maxima	果皮Peel	3.0	0.35	Zacarías-García et al.,2021
	果肉Pulp	22	0
宽皮柑橘 Citrus reticulata	果肉Pulp		0.75 ~ 0.88	Giuffrida et al.,2019
甜橙 Citrus sinensis	果汁Juice	0 ~ 82	0.16 ~ 0.90	Giuffrida et al.,2010；2019
温州蜜柑 Citrus unshiu	果汁Juice		0.80	Tada,1987
枸杞 Lycium barbarum	果肉Pulp	99	0	Hempel et al.,2017
苹果 Malus × domestica	果皮Peel	91 ~ 97	0.13 ~ 0.66	Delgado-Pelayo et al.,2014
	果肉Pulp	84 ~ 98	0.46 ~ 0.92
杧果 Mangifera indica	果肉Pulp	5.0 ~ 61.0	0 ~ 0.57	Ranganath et al.,2018
红色酸浆果 Physalis alkekengi	果肉Pulp	95	0.98	Wen et al.,2017
	果皮Peel	95	0.92
黄色酸浆果 P. pubescens	果肉Pulp	88	0.26	Wen et al.,2017
	果皮Peel	97	0.01
利马果 Pouteria lucuma	果肉Pulp	90 ~ 95	0.88 ~ 0.95	Gómez-Maqueo et al.,2020
桃 Prunus persica	果肉Pulp	34	0.60	Giuffrida et al.,2013
辣椒 Capsicum annuum	果肉Pulp	95	0.78	Hornero-Méndez & Mínguez-Mosquera,2000
树番茄 Solanum betaceum	果肉Pulp	54	0.75	Mertz et al.,2010
小花矮牵牛 Calibrachoa hybrida	花瓣Petal	76	0.78	Kishimoto et al.,2019
矮牵牛 Petunia hybrida	花瓣Petal	85	0.20	Kishimoto et al.,2019
万寿菊 Tagetes erecta	花瓣Petal	15 ~ 100	0.80 ~ 1.00	李大婧等,2007

物种 Species	组织 Tissue	叶黄素在总类胡萝卜素中含量占比/% Percentage of xanthophyll content among total carotenoids	叶黄素酯与总叶黄素含量的比值 Ratio of xanthophyll ester content to total xanthophylls	参考文献 Reference
Frutita Allophylus psilospermus	果肉Pulp	82	0.64	Murillo et al.,2013
腰果Anacardium occidentale	果皮Peel	31 ~ 49	0.90	Schweiggert et al.,2016
	果肉Pulp	17 ~ 40	0.91 ~ 0.98
草莓树Arbutus unedo	果肉Pulp	95	0.91	Delgado-Pelayo et al.,2016
番木瓜 Carica papaya	果皮Peel	70	0.23 ~ 0.50	Lara-Abia et al.,2021
	果肉Pulp	48	0.55 ~ 0.84
克里曼丁 Citrus clementina	果皮Peel	88	0.94	Zacarías-García et al.,2021
	果肉Pulp	76	0.90
柠檬 Citrus limon	果皮Peel	17	0.14	Zacarías-García et al.,2021
	果肉Pulp	44	0.50
柚子 Citrus maxima	果皮Peel	3.0	0.35	Zacarías-García et al.,2021
	果肉Pulp	22	0
宽皮柑橘 Citrus reticulata	果肉Pulp		0.75 ~ 0.88	Giuffrida et al.,2019
甜橙 Citrus sinensis	果汁Juice	0 ~ 82	0.16 ~ 0.90	Giuffrida et al.,2010；2019
温州蜜柑 Citrus unshiu	果汁Juice		0.80	Tada,1987
枸杞 Lycium barbarum	果肉Pulp	99	0	Hempel et al.,2017
苹果 Malus × domestica	果皮Peel	91 ~ 97	0.13 ~ 0.66	Delgado-Pelayo et al.,2014
	果肉Pulp	84 ~ 98	0.46 ~ 0.92
杧果 Mangifera indica	果肉Pulp	5.0 ~ 61.0	0 ~ 0.57	Ranganath et al.,2018
红色酸浆果 Physalis alkekengi	果肉Pulp	95	0.98	Wen et al.,2017
	果皮Peel	95	0.92
黄色酸浆果 P. pubescens	果肉Pulp	88	0.26	Wen et al.,2017
	果皮Peel	97	0.01
利马果 Pouteria lucuma	果肉Pulp	90 ~ 95	0.88 ~ 0.95	Gómez-Maqueo et al.,2020
桃 Prunus persica	果肉Pulp	34	0.60	Giuffrida et al.,2013
辣椒 Capsicum annuum	果肉Pulp	95	0.78	Hornero-Méndez & Mínguez-Mosquera,2000
树番茄 Solanum betaceum	果肉Pulp	54	0.75	Mertz et al.,2010
小花矮牵牛 Calibrachoa hybrida	花瓣Petal	76	0.78	Kishimoto et al.,2019
矮牵牛 Petunia hybrida	花瓣Petal	85	0.20	Kishimoto et al.,2019
万寿菊 Tagetes erecta	花瓣Petal	15 ~ 100	0.80 ~ 1.00	李大婧等,2007

基因类型 Gene class	物种 Species	基因名称 Gene name	氨基酸残基数 Number of amino acid residues	表达模式 Expression pattern	参考文献 Reference
PYP	番茄 Solanum lycopersicum	PYP1	712	所有器官中都表达，花瓣发育后期高表达 Expressed in all organs，expressed highly during late petal maturation	Ariizumi et al.,2014
	辣椒 Capsicum annuum	rsAcT	712	随果实成熟和类胡萝卜素积累表达增强 Expression level increases as fruit ripens and carotenoid accumulates	Berry et al.,2019
	野牵牛 Ipomoea obscura	IoXES	721		Kishimoto et al.,2020
	万寿菊 Tagetes erecta	TeXES	709		Kishimoto et al.,2020
	甜橙 Citrus sinensis	CsPYP2	756	随果实成熟，果皮和果肉中的表达量递增 Expression level in peel and pulp increases as fruit ripens	Zacarías-García et al.,2021
	椪柑 Citrus reticulata	CrPYP2	701	在果实转色期高表达 High expression in fruit transmissions	汪书杰,2022
XAT	小麦 Triticum aestivum	XAT	351	在种子发育期间高表达 Expressed throughout the maturation process of barley seed	Watkins et al.,2019