外源γ-氨基丁酸对乌兹别克斯坦芜菁农艺性状及生理特性的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0084

园艺学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3): 791-801.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0084

外源γ-氨基丁酸对乌兹别克斯坦芜菁农艺性状及生理特性的影响

庄红梅¹^,², YUNUSOV Salohiddinjon Adhamovich³, KAISAER Rehemu², 韩宏伟², 刘会芳², 赵家芬⁴, 王强², 高丽红¹^,^*(), 王浩²^,^*()

¹ 中国农业大学园艺学院，北京 100193
² 新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院果蔬研究所（国家果树种质资源轮台果树资源圃），新疆蔬菜工程技术研究中心，省部共建干旱荒漠区作物抗逆遗传改良与种质创新国家重点实验室，新疆特色果蔬基因组研究与遗传改良重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830091
³ 乌兹别克斯坦塔什干国立农业大学，乌兹别克斯坦塔什干 100070
⁴ 和田地区农业技术推广中心，新疆和田 848000

收稿日期:2025-10-26 修回日期:2026-02-12 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-03-20
通讯作者:
* E-mail：wanghao183@163.com，
glh@cau.edu.cn
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔族自治区重点研发计划项目(2022B02058); 农业科技创新稳定支持项目(xjnkywdzc-2025003-03-05); 新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才—科技创新领军人才项目(2023TSYCLJ0013); 新疆维吾尔族自治区区域协同创新专项(2022E01035); 新疆维吾尔族自治区自然科学基金面上项目(2022D01A268)

Effects of Exogenous γ-Aminobutyric Acid on Agronomic Traits and Physiological Characteristics of Uzbekistani Turnip

ZHUANG Hongmei¹^,², YUNUSOV Salohiddinjon Adhamovich³, KAISAER Rehemu², HAN Hongwei², LIU Huifang², ZHAO Jiafen⁴, WANG Qiang², GAO Lihong¹^,^*(), WANG Hao²^,^*()

¹ College of Horticulture，China Agricultural University，Beijing 100193，China
² Xinjiang Vegetable Engineering Technology Research Center，State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and Germplasm Enhancement in Arid and Desert Regions（Co-founded by Province and Ministry），Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Genomic Research and Genetic Improvement on Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables，Institute of Fruit and Vegetable Research，Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences（Luntai Fruit Tree Resource Garden of the National Fruit Tree Germplasm Resources），Urumqi 830091，China
³ Tashkent State Agrarian University，Tashkent 100070，Uzbekistan
⁴ Hetian Regional Agricultural Technology Promotion Center，Hetian，Xinjiang 848000，China

Received:2025-10-26 Revised:2026-02-12 Published:2026-03-25 Online:2026-03-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究外源γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）对芜菁（Brassica rapa var. rapa L.）生长及品质的调控作用，以两份乌兹别克斯坦的芜菁种质资源（紫皮与黄皮）为试验材料，采用盆栽试验，设置50、75和100 mmol · L^-1 GABA 3个浓度处理，以清水为对照，测定其对芜菁农艺性状、生理特性及品质的影响。结果表明，与对照相比，75 mmol · L^-1GABA处理促进植株生长的效果最为显著，紫皮芜菁的肉质根直径、株高和叶宽分别增加22.8%、60.17%和84.19%，黄皮芜菁分别增加19.26%、53.97%和51.59%。在品质方面，75 mmol · L^-1 GABA处理显著提升了紫皮芜菁的可溶性蛋白、总酚和可溶性总糖含量，增幅分别为50.79%、36.42%和28.40%；100 mmol · L^-1 GABA处理则使其可溶性固形物、内源GABA及谷氨酸含量显著增加，增幅分别为11.47%、154.84%和27.47%。对于黄皮芜菁，75 mmol · L^-1GABA处理显著提高了总酚和维生素C含量，增幅分别为75.19%和3.72%；100 mmol · L^-1GABA处理使其可溶性总糖、内源GABA和谷氨酸含量显著增加，增幅分别为20.00%、62.63%和24.13%。外源GABA处理显著调控了内源激素水平（如IAA、ABA和GA）及抗氧化酶系统（CAT、POD和SOD）的活性。综上，外源施用GABA可通过调节内源激素平衡与增强抗氧化能力，有效改善芜菁的产量与品质，其中75 mmol · L^-1为推荐浓度，研究结果为芜菁的品质改良与高产栽培提供了理论依据。

关键词: 芜菁, γ-氨基丁酸, 农艺性状, 生理特性, 激素

Abstract:

To investigate the regulatory effects of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid（GABA）on the growth and quality of turnip（Brassica rapa var. rapa L.），a pot experiment was conducted using two Uzbekistani turnip germplasm resources（purple-skinned and yellow-skinned）. Three concentrations of GABA（50，75，and 100 mmol · L^-1）were applied via root irrigation，with water serving as the control，to determine their effects on agronomic traits，physiological characteristics，and quality. The results showed that compared to the control，the 75 mmol · L^-1 GABA treatment had the most significant growth-promoting effect，increasing the fleshy root diameter，plant height，and leaf width of the purple-skinned turnip by 22.8%，60.17%，and 84.19%，respectively，and those of the yellow-skinned turnip by 19.26%，53.97%，and 51.59%，respectively. In terms of quality，the 75 mmol · L^-1 GABA treatment significantly increased the soluble protein，total phenol，and total soluble sugar contents in the purple-skinned turnip by 50.79%，36.42%，and 28.40%，respectively. The 100 mmol · L^-1 GABA treatment significantly increased the soluble solid，endogenous GABA，and glutamate contents in the purple-skinned turnip by 11.47%，154.84%，and 27.47%，respectively. For the yellow-skinned turnip，the 75 mmol · L^-1 GABA treatment significantly increased the total phenol and vitamin C contents by 75.19% and 3.72%，respectively，while the 100 mmol · L^-1 GABA treatment significantly increased the total soluble sugar，endogenous GABA，and glutamate contents by 20.00%，62.63%，and 24.13%，respectively. Exogenous GABA treatments significantly modulated the levels of endogenous hormones（IAA，ABA，and GA）and the activities of the antioxidant enzyme system（CAT，POD，and SOD）. In conclusion，exogenous GABA application can effectively improve the yield and quality of turnip by regulating the balance of endogenous hormones and enhancing antioxidant capacity，with 75 mmol · L^-1 being the recommended concentration. The findings provide a theoretical basis for quality improvement and high-yield cultivation of turnip.

Key words: turnip, γ-aminobutyric acid（GABA）, agronomic traits, physiological characteristics, hormones

庄红梅, YUNUSOV Salohiddinjon Adhamovich, KAISAER Rehemu, 韩宏伟, 刘会芳, 赵家芬, 王强, 高丽红, 王浩. 外源γ-氨基丁酸对乌兹别克斯坦芜菁农艺性状及生理特性的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(3): 791-801.

ZHUANG Hongmei, YUNUSOV Salohiddinjon Adhamovich, KAISAER Rehemu, HAN Hongwei, LIU Huifang, ZHAO Jiafen, WANG Qiang, GAO Lihong, WANG Hao. Effects of Exogenous γ-Aminobutyric Acid on Agronomic Traits and Physiological Characteristics of Uzbekistani Turnip[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(3): 791-801.

图/表 4

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材料 Material	GABA/ （mmol · L^-1）	可溶性蛋白/ （mg · g^-1 FW） Soluble protein	总酚/（mg · g^-1 FW） Total phenols	维生素C/ （μg · g^-1 FW） Vitamin C	可溶性总糖/ （mg · g^-1 FW） Total soluble sugar	可溶性固形物/% Soluble solid
紫皮芜菁 Purple turnip	50	1.355 ± 0.231 c	3.475 ± 0.383 cd	72.817 ± 0.983 a	31.692 ± 2.091 b	6.007 ± 0.246 ab
	75	1.820 ± 0.253 b	4.045 ± 0.389 c	67.642 ± 0.992 c	35.355 ± 1.778 a	5.855 ± 0.417 b
	100	1.362 ± 0.085 c	3.495 ± 0.307 cd	67.440 ± 1.041 c	34.867 ± 1.913 a	6.490 ± 0.205 a
	0	1.207 ± 0.221 c	2.965 ± 0.151 d	67.657 ± 1.356 c	27.537 ± 2.020 cd	5.822 ± 0.312 b
黄皮芜菁 Yellow turnip	50	2.297 ± 0.267 a	4.740 ± 0.425 b	68.582 ± 0.754 bc	27.660 ± 2.319 cd	6.052 ± 0.196 ab
	75	1.827 ± 0.209 b	5.927 ± 0.510 a	69.852 ± 0.253 b	30.347 ± 0.881 bc	6.510 ± 0.261 a
	100	1.347 ± 0.310 c	4.930 ± 0.457 b	67.212 ± 0.500 c	31.360 ± 0.855 b	6.187 ± 0.182 ab
	0	1.280 ± 0.210 c	3.382 ± 0.314 cd	67.342 ± 0.275 c	26.135 ± 2.126 d	6.240 ± 0.221 ab

材料 Material	GABA/ （mmol · L^-1）	可溶性蛋白/ （mg · g^-1 FW） Soluble protein	总酚/（mg · g^-1 FW） Total phenols	维生素C/ （μg · g^-1 FW） Vitamin C	可溶性总糖/ （mg · g^-1 FW） Total soluble sugar	可溶性固形物/% Soluble solid
紫皮芜菁 Purple turnip	50	1.355 ± 0.231 c	3.475 ± 0.383 cd	72.817 ± 0.983 a	31.692 ± 2.091 b	6.007 ± 0.246 ab
	75	1.820 ± 0.253 b	4.045 ± 0.389 c	67.642 ± 0.992 c	35.355 ± 1.778 a	5.855 ± 0.417 b
	100	1.362 ± 0.085 c	3.495 ± 0.307 cd	67.440 ± 1.041 c	34.867 ± 1.913 a	6.490 ± 0.205 a
	0	1.207 ± 0.221 c	2.965 ± 0.151 d	67.657 ± 1.356 c	27.537 ± 2.020 cd	5.822 ± 0.312 b
黄皮芜菁 Yellow turnip	50	2.297 ± 0.267 a	4.740 ± 0.425 b	68.582 ± 0.754 bc	27.660 ± 2.319 cd	6.052 ± 0.196 ab
	75	1.827 ± 0.209 b	5.927 ± 0.510 a	69.852 ± 0.253 b	30.347 ± 0.881 bc	6.510 ± 0.261 a
	100	1.347 ± 0.310 c	4.930 ± 0.457 b	67.212 ± 0.500 c	31.360 ± 0.855 b	6.187 ± 0.182 ab
	0	1.280 ± 0.210 c	3.382 ± 0.314 cd	67.342 ± 0.275 c	26.135 ± 2.126 d	6.240 ± 0.221 ab

材料 Material	GABA/（mmol· L^-1）	IAA/（ng · g^-1 FW）	ABA/（ng · g^-1 FW）	GA/（pg · mL^-1）	GABA/（mg · g^-1 FW）
紫皮芜菁 Purple turnip	50	2.912 ± 0.175 bc	1.297 ± 0.119 c	5.390 ± 0.118 b	0.257 ± 0.022 c
	75	2.643 ± 0.166 cd	1.652 ± 0.080 b	5.365 ± 0.090 b	0.413 ± 0.047 b
	100	2.532 ± 0.138 d	2.751 ± 0.116 a	6.092 ± 0.209 a	0.632 ± 0.035 a
	0	2.475 ± 0.134 d	1.225 ± 0.121 cd	5.181 ± 0.213 bc	0.248 ± 0.141 c
黄皮芜菁 Yellow turnip	50	3.112 ± 0.184 b	1.017 ± 0.085 d	5.205 ± 0.225 bc	0.312 ± 0.043 b
	75	3.415 ± 0.091 a	1.240 ± 0.165 c	5.297 ± 0.216 b	0.457 ± 0.034 a
	100	3.081 ± 0.210 b	1.217 ± 0.155 cd	4.942 ± 0.080 cd	0.470 ± 0.031 a
	0	2.967 ± 0.166 b	0.764 ± 0.024 e	4.775 ± 0.174 d	0.289± 0.010 b
材料 Material	GABA/（mmol· L^-1）	Glu/（mg · g^-1 FW）	SOD/（U · g^-1 FW）	POD/（U · g^-1 FW）	CAT/（U · g^-1 FW）
紫皮芜菁	50	5.020 ± 0.197 de	430.717 ± 32.22 a	121 238 ± 25310.15 abc	17.142 ± 0.602 de
Purple turnip	75	5.795 ± 0.206 b	405.205 ± 23.95 ab	124 124 ± 4583.90 ab	18.270 ± 1.512 cd
	100	6.227 ± 0.289 a	400.755 ± 20.81 abc	107 268 ± 1120.17 bcd	19.690 ± 0.650 cd
	0	4.885 ± 0.088 de	339.902 ± 26.15 d	101 857 ± 4104.87 d	15.502 ± 0.730 e
黄皮芜菁	50	5.142 ± 0.155 cd	351.410 ± 29.32 bcd	117 134 ± 6469.92 abcd	20.081 ± 0.961 c
Yellow turnip	75	5.487 ± 0.154 bc	416.805 ± 33.29 a	133 756 ± 4724.83 a	39.090 ± 2.571 a
	100	5.880 ± 0.390 ab	381.712 ± 37.83 abcd	114 319 ± 4521.62 bcd	29.940 ± 2.330 b
	0	4.737 ± 0.057 e	347.770 ± 26.61 cd	105 148 ± 2196.53 cd	19.691 ± 0.953 cd

材料 Material	GABA/（mmol· L^-1）	IAA/（ng · g^-1 FW）	ABA/（ng · g^-1 FW）	GA/（pg · mL^-1）	GABA/（mg · g^-1 FW）
紫皮芜菁 Purple turnip	50	2.912 ± 0.175 bc	1.297 ± 0.119 c	5.390 ± 0.118 b	0.257 ± 0.022 c
	75	2.643 ± 0.166 cd	1.652 ± 0.080 b	5.365 ± 0.090 b	0.413 ± 0.047 b
	100	2.532 ± 0.138 d	2.751 ± 0.116 a	6.092 ± 0.209 a	0.632 ± 0.035 a
	0	2.475 ± 0.134 d	1.225 ± 0.121 cd	5.181 ± 0.213 bc	0.248 ± 0.141 c
黄皮芜菁 Yellow turnip	50	3.112 ± 0.184 b	1.017 ± 0.085 d	5.205 ± 0.225 bc	0.312 ± 0.043 b
	75	3.415 ± 0.091 a	1.240 ± 0.165 c	5.297 ± 0.216 b	0.457 ± 0.034 a
	100	3.081 ± 0.210 b	1.217 ± 0.155 cd	4.942 ± 0.080 cd	0.470 ± 0.031 a
	0	2.967 ± 0.166 b	0.764 ± 0.024 e	4.775 ± 0.174 d	0.289± 0.010 b
材料 Material	GABA/（mmol· L^-1）	Glu/（mg · g^-1 FW）	SOD/（U · g^-1 FW）	POD/（U · g^-1 FW）	CAT/（U · g^-1 FW）
紫皮芜菁	50	5.020 ± 0.197 de	430.717 ± 32.22 a	121 238 ± 25310.15 abc	17.142 ± 0.602 de
Purple turnip	75	5.795 ± 0.206 b	405.205 ± 23.95 ab	124 124 ± 4583.90 ab	18.270 ± 1.512 cd
	100	6.227 ± 0.289 a	400.755 ± 20.81 abc	107 268 ± 1120.17 bcd	19.690 ± 0.650 cd
	0	4.885 ± 0.088 de	339.902 ± 26.15 d	101 857 ± 4104.87 d	15.502 ± 0.730 e
黄皮芜菁	50	5.142 ± 0.155 cd	351.410 ± 29.32 bcd	117 134 ± 6469.92 abcd	20.081 ± 0.961 c
Yellow turnip	75	5.487 ± 0.154 bc	416.805 ± 33.29 a	133 756 ± 4724.83 a	39.090 ± 2.571 a
	100	5.880 ± 0.390 ab	381.712 ± 37.83 abcd	114 319 ± 4521.62 bcd	29.940 ± 2.330 b
	0	4.737 ± 0.057 e	347.770 ± 26.61 cd	105 148 ± 2196.53 cd	19.691 ± 0.953 cd

外源γ-氨基丁酸对乌兹别克斯坦芜菁农艺性状及生理特性的影响

Effects of Exogenous γ-Aminobutyric Acid on Agronomic Traits and Physiological Characteristics of Uzbekistani Turnip

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外源γ-氨基丁酸对乌兹别克斯坦芜菁农艺性状及生理特性的影响

Effects of Exogenous γ-Aminobutyric Acid on Agronomic Traits and Physiological Characteristics of Uzbekistani Turnip

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图/表 4

参考文献 31

相关文章 15

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