GA3诱导葡萄无核形成的胚胎学及生理生化研究

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0039

园艺学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 65-81.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0039

• 遗传育种·种质资源·分子生物学 • 上一篇下一篇

GA₃诱导葡萄无核形成的胚胎学及生理生化研究

包敏¹, 田亚平¹, 李凡¹, 魏茜茜¹, 刘苗苗¹, HASSAN Jawad¹, 李智¹^,², 赵一洁¹^,², 高敏¹^,², 王西平¹^,²^,^*()

¹ 西北农林科技大学园艺学院，作物抗逆与高效生产全国重点实验室，农业农村部西北园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100
² 旱区农业新疆研究院，乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2025-03-20 修回日期:2025-11-19 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-01-26
通讯作者:
^*E-mail：wangxiping@nwsuafedu.cn
基金资助:
旱区农业新疆研究院农业科技创新专项(XJHQNY-2025-7); 国家自然科学基金—联合基金重点项目(U1603234); 西安市农业重点产业链关键技术攻关项目(24NYGG0009); 咸阳市农业重大技术攻关项目(L2024-ZDKJ-ZDGG-NY-0016)

Embryological，Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms Underlying GA₃-Induced Seedlessness in Grapes

BAO Min¹, TIAN Yaping¹, LI Fan¹, WEI Xixi¹, LIU Miaomiao¹, HASSAN Jawad¹, LI Zhi¹^,², ZHAO Yijie¹^,², GAO Min¹^,², WANG Xiping¹^,²^,^*()

¹ State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production， Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops（Northwest Region），Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，College of Horticulture，Northwest A & F University，Yangling， Shaanxi 712100， China
² Xinjiang Research Institute of Agriculture in Arid Areas， Urumqi 830091， China

Received:2025-03-20 Revised:2025-11-19 Published:2026-01-25 Online:2026-01-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以‘户太8号’和‘红地球’葡萄为试材，设置GA₃、PAC（GA₃抑制剂）及GA₃ + PAC三种处理，结合果实与种子形态学观察、胚珠组织学观察、抗氧化酶活性检测及多胺与内源激素含量测定等方法，解析GA₃诱导葡萄无核化的胚胎学及生理生化机制。结果显示，GA₃处理后‘户太8号’和‘红地球’无核率和坐果率均显著提升，且果形指数均显著高于对照及其他处理，而PAC处理后果形指数低于对照；GA₃处理可诱导胚囊与胚乳核败育，且‘户太8号’完全败育时间（13 d）早于‘红地球’（15 d）。GA₃处理促进过氧化氢（H₂O₂）生成与丙二醛（MDA）积累，降低超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性，表明GA₃通过调控氧化应激水平诱导胚囊败育；GA₃对两个品种中腐胺（Put）、亚精胺（Spd）及精胺（Spm）的差异化影响，使（Spd + Spm）/Put比值低于对照，该比值降低可能参与无核形成的代谢调控；GA₃处理促进内源GA₃、生长素（IAA）及脱落酸（ABA）合成（‘红地球’IAA呈先抑制后促进），处理初期（IAA + GA₃）/ABA比值高于对照，为无核发育构建了适宜激素环境，后续随GA₃自然代谢回落，该比值同步降低。以上研究阐明，GA₃通过协同调控胚胎败育、氧化应激、多胺及激素平衡诱导葡萄无核形成。

关键词: 葡萄, 赤霉素, 无核化, 胚珠, 抗氧化活性, 内源激素

Abstract:

To clarify the underlying mechanisms of gibberellin（GA₃）-induced seedlessness in grape，Vitis labrusca‘Hutai 8’and V. vinifera‘Red Globe’were subjected to three treatments：GA₃，PAC（the GA₃ inhibitor），and GA₃ + PAC. By integrating fruit and seed morphological observations，ovule histological analyses，antioxidant enzyme activity measurements，and determinations of polyamine and endogenous hormone contents，the embryological，physiological，and biochemical mechanisms of GA₃- induced grape seedlessness were elucidated. GA₃ treatment significantly increased both the seedlessness rate and fruit set in the two cultivars. The fruit shape index was also markedly higher than that of the control and other treatments，whereas PAC reduced it below the control level. GA₃ induced embryo sac and endosperm nucleus abortion，with abortion occurring earlier in‘Hutai 8’（13 d）than in‘Red Globe’（15 d）. Moreover，GA₃ promoted the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide（H₂O₂）and malondialdehyde （MDA），while decreasing the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）and peroxidase（POD）in both cultivars，indicating that GA₃ induces embryo sac abortion by regulating oxidative stress levels. GA₃ treatment differentially affected putrescine（Put），spermidine（Spd），and spermine（Spm），resulting in a decreased（Spd + Spm）/Put ratio relative to the control；this reduction may contribute to the metabolic regulation of seedlessness formation. GA₃ treatment promoted the synthesis of endogenous GA₃，indole-3-acetic acid（IAA），and abscisic acid（ABA）in both cultivars，although IAA in‘Red Globe’showed an initial decline followed by an increase. At the early stage，the（IAA + GA₃）/ABA ratio was higher than that of the control，and as exogenous GA₃ declined through natural metabolism，this ratio decreased accordingly. Overall，this study reveals that GA₃ induces grape seedlessness by coordinately regulation of embryo abortion，oxidative stress，polyamines，and hormone balance.

Key words: grape, gibberellin, seedlessness, ovule, antioxidant activity, endogenous hormone

包敏, 田亚平, 李凡, 魏茜茜, 刘苗苗, HASSAN Jawad, 李智, 赵一洁, 高敏, 王西平. GA₃诱导葡萄无核形成的胚胎学及生理生化研究[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(1): 65-81.

BAO Min, TIAN Yaping, LI Fan, WEI Xixi, LIU Miaomiao, HASSAN Jawad, LI Zhi, ZHAO Yijie, GAO Min, WANG Xiping. Embryological，Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms Underlying GA₃-Induced Seedlessness in Grapes[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(1): 65-81.

图/表 10

参考文献 38

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处理 Treatment	坐果率/% Fruit set rate		无核率/% Seedlessness rate
处理 Treatment	户太8号 Hutai 8	红地球 Red Globe	户太8号 Hutai 8	红地球 Red Globe
H₂O（对照Control）	52.7 ± 0.34 c	26.3 ± 0.21 c	4.2 ± 2.13 d	2.2 ± 1.18 c
GA₃	64.2 ± 1.05 a	34.5 ± 1.26 a	79.8 ± 1.25 a	61.3 ± 1.50 a
PAC	48.5 ± 1.84 d	25.1 ± 0.57 c	12.5 ± 4.01 c	4.2 ± 2.31 c
GA₃ + PAC	59.3 ± 0.95 b	30.4 ± 1.69 b	28.5 ± 1.51 b	23.5 ± 1.08 b

处理 Treatment	坐果率/% Fruit set rate		无核率/% Seedlessness rate
处理 Treatment	户太8号 Hutai 8	红地球 Red Globe	户太8号 Hutai 8	红地球 Red Globe
H₂O（对照Control）	52.7 ± 0.34 c	26.3 ± 0.21 c	4.2 ± 2.13 d	2.2 ± 1.18 c
GA₃	64.2 ± 1.05 a	34.5 ± 1.26 a	79.8 ± 1.25 a	61.3 ± 1.50 a
PAC	48.5 ± 1.84 d	25.1 ± 0.57 c	12.5 ± 4.01 c	4.2 ± 2.31 c
GA₃ + PAC	59.3 ± 0.95 b	30.4 ± 1.69 b	28.5 ± 1.51 b	23.5 ± 1.08 b

品种	处理	果形指数Fruit shape index
Cultivar	Treatment	6 d	12 d	18 d	24 d	30 d	36 d	42 d	48 d	54 d
户太8号 Hutai 8	H₂O	1.50 ± 0.03 c	1.35 ± 0.03 c	1.35 ± 0.03 c	1.31 ± 0.03 c	1.23 ± 0.03 c	1.28 ± 0.03 c	1.25 ± 0.03 c	1.23 ± 0.03 b	1.15 ± 0.03 b
	GA₃	1.77 ± 0.03 a	1.63 ± 0.03 a	1.72 ± 0.03 a	1.56 ± 0.03 a	1.50 ± 0.02 a	1.51 ± 0.02 a	1.45 ± 0.03 a	1.38 ± 0.03 a	1.28 ± 0.02 a
	PAC	1.31 ± 0.03 d	1.14 ± 0.02 d	1.33 ± 0.02 d	1.17 ± 0.02 d	1.22 ± 0.02 d	1.18 ± 0.02 d	1.09 ± 0.02 d	1.12 ± 0.02 c	1.06 ± 0.02 c
	GA₃ + PAC	1.66 ± 0.02 b	1.59 ± 0.02 b	1.48 ± 0.02 b	1.35 ± 0.02 b	1.33 ± 0.03 b	1.35 ± 0.02 b	1.27 ± 0.02 b	1.24 ± 0.02 b	1.16 ± 0.02 b
红地球 Red Globe	H₂O	1.80 ± 0.02 b	1.63 ± 0.02 b	1.55 ± 0.02 b	1.44 ± 0.02 b	1.50 ± 0.04 b	1.29 ± 0.03 b	1.38 ± 0.03 b	1.36 ± 0.03 b	1.16 ± 0.03 b
	GA₃	2.00 ± 0.03 a	1.81 ± 0.02 a	1.90 ± 0.02 a	1.51 ± 0.02 a	1.70 ± 0.02 a	1.53 ± 0.02 a	1.60 ± 0.02 a	1.52 ± 0.03 a	1.39 ± 0.03 a
	PAC	1.53 ± 0.02 c	1.24 ± 0.02 d	1.28 ± 0.02 d	1.29 ± 0.02 d	1.25 ± 0.02 d	1.25 ± 0.02 d	1.19 ± 0.02 d	1.19 ± 0.02 c	1.14 ± 0.02 c
	GA₃ + PAC	1.50 ± 0.01 c	1.42 ± 0.02 c	1.51 ± 0.02 c	1.36 ± 0.03 c	1.45 ± 0.02 c	1.28 ± 0.02 c	1.35 ± 0.02 c	1.36 ± 0.03 b	1.16 ± 0.03 b

品种	处理	果形指数Fruit shape index
Cultivar	Treatment	6 d	12 d	18 d	24 d	30 d	36 d	42 d	48 d	54 d
户太8号 Hutai 8	H₂O	1.50 ± 0.03 c	1.35 ± 0.03 c	1.35 ± 0.03 c	1.31 ± 0.03 c	1.23 ± 0.03 c	1.28 ± 0.03 c	1.25 ± 0.03 c	1.23 ± 0.03 b	1.15 ± 0.03 b
	GA₃	1.77 ± 0.03 a	1.63 ± 0.03 a	1.72 ± 0.03 a	1.56 ± 0.03 a	1.50 ± 0.02 a	1.51 ± 0.02 a	1.45 ± 0.03 a	1.38 ± 0.03 a	1.28 ± 0.02 a
	PAC	1.31 ± 0.03 d	1.14 ± 0.02 d	1.33 ± 0.02 d	1.17 ± 0.02 d	1.22 ± 0.02 d	1.18 ± 0.02 d	1.09 ± 0.02 d	1.12 ± 0.02 c	1.06 ± 0.02 c
	GA₃ + PAC	1.66 ± 0.02 b	1.59 ± 0.02 b	1.48 ± 0.02 b	1.35 ± 0.02 b	1.33 ± 0.03 b	1.35 ± 0.02 b	1.27 ± 0.02 b	1.24 ± 0.02 b	1.16 ± 0.02 b
红地球 Red Globe	H₂O	1.80 ± 0.02 b	1.63 ± 0.02 b	1.55 ± 0.02 b	1.44 ± 0.02 b	1.50 ± 0.04 b	1.29 ± 0.03 b	1.38 ± 0.03 b	1.36 ± 0.03 b	1.16 ± 0.03 b
	GA₃	2.00 ± 0.03 a	1.81 ± 0.02 a	1.90 ± 0.02 a	1.51 ± 0.02 a	1.70 ± 0.02 a	1.53 ± 0.02 a	1.60 ± 0.02 a	1.52 ± 0.03 a	1.39 ± 0.03 a
	PAC	1.53 ± 0.02 c	1.24 ± 0.02 d	1.28 ± 0.02 d	1.29 ± 0.02 d	1.25 ± 0.02 d	1.25 ± 0.02 d	1.19 ± 0.02 d	1.19 ± 0.02 c	1.14 ± 0.02 c
	GA₃ + PAC	1.50 ± 0.01 c	1.42 ± 0.02 c	1.51 ± 0.02 c	1.36 ± 0.03 c	1.45 ± 0.02 c	1.28 ± 0.02 c	1.35 ± 0.02 c	1.36 ± 0.03 b	1.16 ± 0.03 b

时间 Time	处理 Treatment	H₂O₂/ （nmol · g^-1 FW）	MDA/ （nmol · g^-1 FW）	POD/ （U · g^-1 FW）	SOD/ （U · g^-1 FW）
0.5 h	H₂O（对照Control）	226.75 ± 5.83 a	23.84 ± 0.43 a	9.22 ± 1.34 b	628.52 ± 5.26 c
	GA₃	182.25 ± 2.39 b	24.04 ± 0.56 a	6.53 ± 0.35 c	617.68 ± 17.30 c
	PAC	168.82 ± 7.22 c	24.79 ± 0.62 a	23.50 ± 0.34 a	744.93 ± 7.34 a
	GA₃ + PAC	228.34 ± 4.71 a	23.62 ± 0.21 a	7.12 ± 0.39 c	700.17 ± 14.94 b
1 h	H₂O（对照Control）	216.15 ± 9.39 a	25.40 ± 0.85 b	12.32 ± 0.46 b	734.61 ± 17.73 a
	GA₃	201.34 ± 5.66 b	25.35 ± 0.95 b	5.56 ± 1.38 d	728.57 ± 3.10 a
	PAC	185.21 ± 6.01 c	25.23 ± 0.60 b	15.99 ± 2.05 a	749.10 ± 13.20 a
	GA₃ + PAC	214.23 ± 5.30 a	27.32 ± 0.28 a	9.35 ± 1.10 c	729.81 ± 16.88 a
3 h	H₂O（对照Control）	254.06 ± 4.52 a	20.96 ± 0.33 c	12.62 ± 0.52 c	729.64 ± 8.51 a
	GA₃	216.15 ± 7.90 c	24.53 ± 1.13 b	5.88 ± 0.96 d	689.53 ± 2.53 b
	PAC	191.16 ± 2.92 d	28.13 ± 0.54 a	19.89 ± 0.32 a	726.69 ± 20.69 a
	GA₃ + PAC	237.07 ± 9.06 b	25.66 ± 1.61 b	14.97 ± 0.20 b	720.20 ± 6.64 a
12 h	H₂O（对照Control）	174.82 ± 8.59 b	17.67 ± 0.33 c	43.95 ± 1.61 a	687.19 ± 1.18 b
	GA₃	193.32 ± 6.18 a	18.60 ± 1.19 c	29.89 ± 0.06 c	646.47 ± 18.21 c
	PAC	165.63 ± 4.97 b	28.57 ± 0.41 a	38.26 ± 0.80 b	687.05 ± 5.19 b
	GA₃ + PAC	199.69 ± 6.31 a	24.59 ± 0.12 b	17.42 ± 1.34 d	714.06 ± 10.10 a
24 h	H₂O（对照Control）	195.58 ± 7.42 c	21.97 ± 0.81 c	23.37 ± 0.68 a	693.64 ± 5.26 b
	GA₃	215.22 ± 8.66 b	25.95 ± 0.61 b	20.94 ± 0.60 b	641.57 ± 5.19 d
	PAC	192.95 ± 6.55 c	27.82 ± 1.44 a	23.27 ± 1.43 a	662.32 ± 13.28 c
	GA₃ + PAC	233.46 ± 9.70 a	28.95 ± 0.51 a	11.59 ± 0.39 c	716.22 ± 6.26 a
48 h	H₂O（对照Control）	168.41 ± 5.76 b	30.58 ± 0.40 b	22.32 ± 0.25 a	723.72 ± 21.90 a
	GA₃	199.15 ± 9.88 a	36.03 ± 1.50 a	18.73 ± 1.34 b	699.14 ± 13.78 a
	PAC	181.00 ± 6.93 b	31.79 ± 0.64 b	22.27 ± 0.70 a	708.84 ± 13.79 a
	GA₃ + PAC	206.88 ± 4.06 a	32.72 ± 1.54 b	7.04 ± 0.71 c	663.89 ± 4.72 b
72 h	H₂O（对照Control）	156.29 ± 10.71 c	29.05 ± 0.84 b	47.32 ± 3.95 a	753.38 ± 24.68 a
	GA₃	172.97 ± 2.62 b	35.66 ± 0.34 a	22.31 ± 0.05 c	733.01 ± 25.01 a
	PAC	165.56 ± 6.08 bc	35.14 ± 1.43 a	27.50 ± 0.72 b	750.87 ± 1.65 a
	GA₃ + PAC	190.39 ± 5.56 a	24.23 ± 0.58 c	30.15 ± 1.96 b	678.52 ± 7.86 b
6 d	H₂O（对照Control）	135.26 ± 2.68 c	31.54 ± 0.36 c	13.12 ± 1.30 a	755.99 ± 13.74 a
	GA₃	159.58 ± 2.23 b	35.83 ± 0.64 a	10.33 ± 0.69 b	754.42 ± 14.35 a
	PAC	138.01 ± 5.28 c	33.81 ± 1.57 b	11.33 ± 1.67 ab	761.18 ± 15.14 a
	GA₃ + PAC	172.09 ± 3.37 a	32.70 ± 0.76 bc	12.90 ± 0.39 a	707.45 ± 3.50 b
9 d	H₂O（对照Control）	70.72 ± 3.12 c	27.62 ± 0.98 b	8.10 ± 0.52 a	713.35 ± 16.58 c
	GA₃	117.87 ± 5.13 b	29.10 ± 0.33 a	6.26 ± 1.52 b	795.29 ± 4.27 a
	PAC	113.98 ± 10.56 b	25.90 ± 0.85 c	5.80 ± 0.80 ab	798.08 ± 18.98 a
	GA₃ + PAC	137.05 ± 3.00 a	29.02 ± 0.61 a	10.95 ± 0.15 ab	742.92 ± 18.17 b
12 d	H₂O（对照Control）	123.21 ± 6.06 c	30.59 ± 0.93 b	2.15±0.21 a	635.36 ± 11.38 b
	GA₃	195.70 ± 4.33 a	37.40 ± 1.32 a	1.24±0.60 a	724.02 ± 5.32 a
	PAC	103.38 ± 5.81 d	32.74 ± 1.32 b	1.21±1.30 a	724.83 ± 21.98 a
	GA₃ + PAC	143.77 ± 8.74 b	30.64 ± 1.08 b	1.06±1.63 a	647.53 ± 17.60 b
18 d	H₂O（对照Control）	72.37 ± 4.21 a	27.31 ± 0.69 a	1.61 ± 0.56 a	551.75 ± 5.27 a
	GA₃	74.41 ± 4.79 a	14.77 ± 0.98 c	1.34 ± 1.80 a	358.40 ± 12.72 d
	PAC	39.52 ± 9.07 b	19.66 ± 1.18 b	1.31 ± 0.40 a	482.41 ± 12.47 b
	GA₃ + PAC	60.77 ± 2.78 c	18.34 ± 1.04 b	1.26 ± 1.16 a	420.49 ± 6.47 c
24 d	H₂O（对照Control）	38.88 ± 1.39 c	13.75 ± 0.17 c	1.30 ± 1.13 a	264.45 ± 7.57 ab
	GA₃	76.53 ± 2.54 a	16.83 ± 0.15 b	1.47 ± 1.37 a	220.18 ± 19.07 ab
	PAC	55.68 ± 2.42 b	17.87 ± 0.42 a	1.45 ± 0.36 a	332.47 ± 4.99 a
	GA₃ + PAC	43.11 ± 3.27 c	17.70 ± 0.12 a	1.32 ± 0.57 a	288.79 ± 10.88 b

GA₃诱导葡萄无核形成的胚胎学及生理生化研究

Embryological，Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms Underlying GA₃-Induced Seedlessness in Grapes

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时间 Time	处理 Treatment	H₂O₂/ （nmol · g^-1 FW）	MDA/ （nmol · g^-1 FW）	POD/ （U · g^-1 FW）	SOD/ （U · g^-1 FW）
0.5 h	H₂O（对照Control）	313.02 ± 2.68 d	36.50 ± 0.41 b	68.25 ± 1.09 a	616.19 ± 7.53 c
	GA₃	339.32 ± 10.98 c	31.91 ± 1.74 c	29.47 ± 0.49 c	660.50 ± 12.63 b
	PAC	409.72 ± 8.90 a	43.15 ± 0.61 a	52.33 ± 0.40 b	675.10 ± 12.22 ab
	GA₃ + PAC	372.62 ± 7.47 b	46.02 ± 3.08 a	54.12 ± 2.34 b	682.78 ± 12.22 a
1 h	H₂O（对照Control）	338.23 ± 10.76 c	45.14 ± 0.86 c	83.33 ± 3.91 a	675.91 ± 8.55 b
	GA₃	368.50 ± 7.50 a	51.63 ± 2.31 b	31.90 ± 0.67 c	676.23 ± 3.47 b
	PAC	353.28 ± 6.43 b	48.85 ± 0.99 b	50.91 ± 1.11 b	687.64 ± 2.26 ab
	GA₃ + PAC	328.48 ± 3.03 c	59.38 ± 1.89 a	51.00 ± 0.86 b	691.71 ± 9.39 a
3 h	H₂O（对照Control）	404.28 ± 2.98 b	49.11 ± 1.09 b	83.03 ± 1.00 a	686.57 ± 20.78 bc
	GA₃	461.41 ± 10.84 a	49.21 ± 1.33 b	32.30 ± 1.96 d	665.05 ± 9.69 c
	PAC	415.62 ± 8.42 b	50.23 ± 1.92 ab	71.09 ± 0.78 b	728.48 ± 1.87 a
	GA₃ + PAC	378.79 ± 8.60 c	52.42 ± 0.21 a	54.20 ± 1.19 c	712.38 ± 17.42 ab
12 h	H₂O（对照Control）	352.47 ± 11.77 b	50.83 ± 0.73 b	74.38 ± 2.06 a	711.91 ± 14.55 ab
	GA₃	354.85 ± 8.59 b	56.41 ± 0.84 a	45.74 ± 0.16 d	687.45 ± 7.87 b
	PAC	409.86 ± 13.90 a	54.68 ± 1.59 a	58.99 ± 2.42 b	723.26 ± 23.19 a
	GA₃ + PAC	353.80 ± 7.11 b	56.89 ± 1.08 a	52.55 ± 1.68 c	726.49 ± 21.67 a
24 h	H₂O（对照Control）	393.84 ± 7.02 ab	56.62 ± 0.80 b	83.80 ± 2.12 a	675.90 ± 3.77 b
	GA₃	383.56 ± 12.28 b	58.85 ± 1.38 ab	57.96 ± 1.25 d	669.41 ± 4.46 b
	PAC	401.47 ± 11.19 ab	58.50 ± 1.63 ab	79.26 ± 0.82 b	689.06 ± 2.46 a
	GA₃ + PAC	410.50 ± 3.63 a	59.32 ± 0.57 a	63.36 ± 0.76 c	685.35 ± 7.66 a
48 h	H₂O（对照Control）	347.63 ± 5.79 b	59.38 ± 0.67 b	131.40 ± 5.03 a	670.42 ± 18.60 b
	GA₃	349.06 ± 8.01 b	60.93 ± 0.75 b	56.03 ± 1.15 c	648.88 ± 23.38 b
	PAC	364.53 ± 7.40 ab	63.83 ± 2.19 a	66.74 ± 0.78 b	723.70 ± 21.54 a
	GA₃ + PAC	372.38 ± 14.19 a	65.43 ± 1.37 a	60.54 ± 2.36 c	687.07 ± 13.30 ab
72 h	H₂O（对照Control）	347.00 ± 4.97 b	57.76 ± 1.52 c	88.58 ± 0.58 b	688.49 ± 13.76 b
	GA₃	394.44 ± 11.51 a	61.60 ± 1.21 b	101.40 ± 0.21 a	686.48 ± 4.09 b
	PAC	352.87 ± 3.94 b	67.78 ± 0.99 a	101.36 ± 1.17 a	710.73 ± 13.68 b
	GA₃ + PAC	336.75 ± 7.54 b	57.98 ± 0.73 c	102.42 ± 0.87 a	737.26 ± 14.77 a
6 d	H₂O（对照Control）	237.73 ± 3.95 d	48.44 ± 0.28 c	29.76 ± 1.67 c	616.29 ± 17.26 bc
	GA₃	354.22 ± 11.69 a	51.12 ± 0.90 bc	55.93 ± 3.76 a	596.69 ± 23.54 c
	PAC	325.25 ± 6.41 b	65.80 ± 1.82 a	39.29 ± 0.76 b	656.47 ± 17.48 a
	GA₃ + PAC	270.36 ± 9.43 c	53.49 ± 2.61 b	42.55 ± 0.40 b	631.78 ± 4.85 ab
9 d	H₂O（对照Control）	220.54 ± 1.46 c	44.59 ± 1.62 c	27.02 ± 0.90 b	495.65 ± 15.69 c
	GA₃	311.73 ± 8.94 a	66.89 ± 3.48 a	35.14 ± 0.63 a	363.88 ± 5.80 d
	PAC	242.86 ± 4.26 b	52.95 ± 3.16 b	29.12 ± 0.19 b	663.84 ± 20.10 a
	GA₃ + PAC	205.66 ± 8.11 d	56.69 ± 1.40 b	34.88 ± 2.50 a	546.31 ± 14.46 b
12 d	H₂O（对照Control）	170.84 ± 4.89 c	28.23 ± 0.71 a	16.84 ± 5.22 b	414.14 ± 20.40 b
	GA₃	184.52 ± 7.88 ab	30.72 ± 0.06 a	22.94 ± 1.00 a	342.97 ± 14.46 c
	PAC	196.36 ± 7.09 a	18.50 ± 3.30 b	25.09 ± 0.67 a	475.88 ± 6.95 a
	GA₃ + PAC	180.39 ± 4.60 bc	29.77 ± 0.31 a	22.11 ± 0.15 a	430.56 ± 7.75 b
18 d	H₂O（对照Control）	81.07 ± 1.23 c	13.63 ± 2.71 a	22.03 ± 2.32 c	272.19 ± 6.21 c
	GA₃	80.56 ± 2.07 c	12.36 ± 1.37 a	32.10 ± 2.50 a	171.76 ± 5.46 d
	PAC	110.94 ± 0.49 a	11.78 ± 0.13 a	25.98 ± 0.55 b	377.40 ± 34.33 a
	GA₃ + PAC	101.64 ± 2.42 b	13.50 ± 2.16 a	28.11 ± 0.42 b	319.42 ± 1.11 b
24 d	H₂O（对照Control）	96.50 ± 1.42 a	12.89 ± 1.34 a	9.04 ± 1.30 d	294.72 ± 8.86 b
	GA₃	62.15 ± 4.65 b	10.62 ± 1.71 a	38.99 ± 1.12 a	241.63 ± 28.00 c
	PAC	65.93 ± 2.28 b	10.58 ± 1.40 a	20.31 ± 0.97 b	352.07 ± 16.62 a
	GA₃ + PAC	61.15 ± 3.82 b	9.78 ± 1.52 a	15.14 ± 0.88 c	349.27 ± 16.01 a

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