外源NO与腐胺对草莓幼苗抗旱性的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0631

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用10% PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫，胁迫前叶面喷施外源一氧化氮（NO）供体硝普钠（SNP）、腐胺（Put）、NO合成酶（NOS）的抑制剂（N^G-Nitro-L-arginine Methyl Ester，L-NAME）和腐胺精氨酸合成途径关键酶即精氨酸脱羧酶的抑制剂（DL-α-difluoromethylarginine，DFMA），研究了干旱胁迫条件下外源NO和Put对‘红颜’草莓（干旱敏感型）幼苗抗旱性的影响。结果表明，渗透胁迫降低了草莓叶片净光合速率（P_n）、蒸腾速率（T_r）、气孔导度（G_s）和PSⅡ的最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m），提高了根、叶片的丙二醛（MDA）水平；胁迫5 d，外源NO和Put喷施处理的草莓叶片中H₂O₂含量比单独胁迫处理分别下降了25.57%和16.62%，根系中H₂O₂分别降低了35.38%和40.09%；外源Put处理显著增加了叶片与根系中的脯氨酸（Pro）含量和CAT活性，外源NO处理则显著提升了SOD、POD和CAT的活性；此外，外源NO和Put还显著提高了NOS和二胺氧化酶（DAO）活性，降低了多胺氧化酶（PAO）活性，促进了NO、亚精胺（Spd）和精胺（Spm）的积累，调控了叶片G_s，增强叶片P_n及PSⅡ功能。表明外源NO与Put可通过增加植株内源激素、信号分子和渗透调节物质水平及抗氧化酶活性，来提高草莓幼苗的抗旱性。

关键词: 草莓, 一氧化氮, 腐胺, 渗透胁迫, 抗旱性

Abstract:

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of exogenous nitric oxide（NO）and putrescine（Put）on enhancing drought resistance of strawberry seedlings.‘Benihoppe’strawberry was used as experimental material，and 10% PEG-6000 was used to simulate drought stress. The pharmacological experiments were performed by foliar application of distilled water（H₂O），Put，sodium nitroprusside （SNP）as a NO donor，DL-α-difluoromethylarginine（DFMA）as an inhibitor of arginine decarboxylase synthesis pathway of Put，and N^G-Nitro-L-arginine Methyl Ester（L-NAME）as an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase（NOS）. The results showed that the drought stress significantly decreased the net photosynthetic rate（P_n），transpiration rate（T_r），stomatal conductance（G_s），and maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ（F_v/F_m）in strawberry leaves，but led to a dramatic increase in malondialdehyde（MDA）levels in both roots and leaves of strawberry plants. Compared with drought stress alone，the hydrogen peroxide（H₂O₂）levels decreased by 25.57% and 16.62% in leaves，and by 35.38% and 40.09% in roots on the fifth day of treatment for Put and NO，respectively. Exogenous Put treatment induced a significant increase in proline（Pro）content and catalase（CAT）activity，however，exogenous NO treatment significantly boosted the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD），peroxidase （POD），and CAT in leaves and roots. Additionally，both Put and NO treatments can markedly increase the activities of NOS and diamine oxidase（DAO），reduce polyamine oxidase（PAO）activity. As a result of increased NOS and reduced PAO activities，the application of both Put and NO on the leaves promoted the accumulation of NO，spermidine（Spd），and spermine（Spm），enhanced the levels of endogenous hormones，osmoregulation substances，and signaling molecules，as well as antioxidant enzyme activities in strawberry plants，thereby improving the drought resistance of strawberry seedlings.

Key words: strawberry, nitric oxide, putrescine, osmotic stress, drought resistance

李文静, 石硕, 张郝, 张江燕, 宋思豪, 杨爱珍, 沈元月, 郭家选, 高凡. 外源NO与腐胺对草莓幼苗抗旱性的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(9): 2131-2142.

LI Wenjing, SHI Shuo, ZHANG Hao, ZHANG Jiangyan, SONG Sihao, YANG Aizhen, SHEN Yuanyue, GUO Jiaxuan, GAO Fan. Effects of Exogenous Nitric Oxide and Putrescine on Drought Resistance of Strawberry Seedlings[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(9): 2131-2142.

图/表 6

图1 干旱胁迫下外源NO和Put处理对草莓叶片气体交换参数及Fv/Fm的影响不同小写字母表示相同时间不同处理在0.05水平差异显著。下同。

Fig. 1 The effects of exogenous NO and Put application on gas exchange parameters and Fv/Fm of strawberry leaves under drought stress Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the same time and different treatments（P < 0.05）. The same below.

图2 干旱胁迫下外源NO和Put对草莓植株过氧化氢和丙二醛含量的影响

Fig. 2 The effects of exogenous nitric oxide and putrescine on H2O2 and MDA content in strawberry plants under drought stress

图3 干旱胁迫下外源NO和Put对草莓植株抗氧化酶活性的影响

Fig. 3 The effects of exogenous nitric oxide and putrescine on antioxidant enzyme activities in strawberry plants under drought stress

图4 干旱胁迫下外源NO和Put对草莓植株脯氨酸含量的影响

Fig. 4 The effects of exogenous nitric oxide and putrescine on proline content in strawberry plants under drought stress

图5 干旱胁迫下外源NO和Put对草莓植株一氧化氮含量（A、B）和一氧化氮合酶活性（C、D）的影响

Fig. 5 The effects of exogenous nitric oxide and putrescine on NO content（A，B）and NOS enzyme activity（C，D）in strawberry plants under drought stress

图6 干旱胁迫下外源NO和Put对草莓植株多胺含量（A ~ F）及其代谢酶活性（G ~ J）的影响

Fig. 6 The effects of exogenous nitric oxide and putrescine on the content（A-F）and metabolism enzyme activities（G-J）of polyamines in strawberry plants under drought stress

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