亚高温下冷等离子体处理番茄种子对幼苗生长和光能利用的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0698

园艺学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (11): 2286-2298.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0698

亚高温下冷等离子体处理番茄种子对幼苗生长和光能利用的影响

李恺¹, 张丽丽², 邵长勇², 仲崇山³, 曹逼力¹, 史庆华¹, 巩彪¹^,^*()

¹山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,作物生物学国家重点实验室,农业部黄淮海地区园艺作物生物学与种质创新重点实验室,山东果蔬优质高效生产协同创新中心,山东泰安 271018
²山东省种子有限公司,济南 250100
³中国农业大学信息与电气工程学院,北京100083

收稿日期:2021-03-05 修回日期:2021-05-28 发布日期:2021-12-02
通讯作者: 巩彪 E-mail:gongbiao@sdau.edu.cn
基金资助:
山东省“渤海粮仓”科技示范工程升级版项目(2019BHLC005);山东省重点研发计划（重大科技创新工程）项目(2019JZZY010707);山东省重点研发计划（重大科技创新工程）项目(2019JZZY010715)

Effects of Cold Plasma Seed Treatment on Tomato Seedling Growth and Light Energy Utilization Under Daytime Sub-high Temperature Environment

LI Kai¹, ZHANG Lili², SHAO Changyong², ZHONG Chongshan³, CAO Bili¹, SHI Qinghua¹, GONG Biao¹^,^*()

¹College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Effcient Production in Shandong,Tai’an,Shandong 271018,China
²Shandong Province Seeds Group Co.,Ltd,Ji’nan 250100,China
³College of Information and Electrical Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China

Received:2021-03-05 Revised:2021-05-28 Published:2021-12-02
Contact: GONG Biao E-mail:gongbiao@sdau.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对夏季设施番茄育苗和生产经常遭受昼间温度偏高带来危害的问题,研究冷等离子体（CP）处理种子诱导幼苗高温抗性技术和调控机制。将‘齐达利’番茄种子分别经25、50、75、100、125、150、175和200 W的冷等离子体处理10 s,以未经CP处理的种子作为对照,采用常规催芽、育苗技术,于夏季在可控温玻璃日光温室中进行培育,气温低于35 ℃时不通风降温,超过时通风或配合湿帘降温,控制白天最高温时间段温度介于32 ~ 35 ℃昼间亚高温环境。分析幼苗生长指标,并测定对照和最优CP处理（75 W）的水、气交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数的日变化规律。结果表明,番茄幼苗的株高、茎粗、茎叶干质量、根干质量、根冠比和壮苗指数随着CP处理功率的增加呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,分别在25 ~ 75 W的CP处理区间达到峰值,幼苗生长的综合表现以75 W CP处理最优。对照条件下,除胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）日变化呈先降后增趋势外,净光合速率（P_n）、蒸腾速率（T_r）、气孔导度（G_s）、气孔限制值（L_s）和水分利用效率（WUE）的日变化均呈现先升后降的变化趋势,于午间（12:00至14:00）亚高温（34.9 ~ 35.3 ℃）环境下达到峰（谷）值。与对照相比,CP处理增加了午间P_n、T_r、G_s、L_s,降低了C_i,综合表现出昼间较高的WUE。同时,CP处理较对照显著提高了午间亚高温环境下最大荧光（F_m）、PSⅡ潜在光化学活性（F_v/F_o）、PSⅡ最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）、反应中心激发能捕获效率（F_v’/F_m’）、PSⅡ实际光化学效率（Φ_PSⅡ）、光化学猝灭系数（q_P）、叶绿素荧光衰减率（R_fd）、PSⅠ激发能分配系数（α）和吸收光能用于进行光化学反应的份额（P）,降低了最小荧光（F_o）、非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）、光合功能相对限制值（L_PFD）、PSⅡ激发能压力（1-q_P）、PSⅡ激发能分配系数（β）、PSⅠ和PSⅡ间激发能分配的不平衡性（β/α-1）、天线热耗散的份额（D）和非光化学耗散的份额（E_x）。CP处理能合理调控夏季昼间亚高温环境下番茄幼苗叶片水、气交换,提高光能利用效率,促进健康生长。

关键词: 番茄, 冷等离子体, 种子处理, 亚高温, 光合作用

Abstract:

In view of the problem that the seedling and production of protected tomato often suffer from high daytime temperature in summer,this paper aimed to study the simple and effective technology and regulation mechanism of high temperature resistance of tomato seedlings. Tomato seeds were treated with cold plasma（CP）of 25,50,75,100,125,150,175 and 200 W respectively for 10 s,the seeds without CP treatment were used as control,these seeds were cultured in a controllable temperature glass greenhouse in summer. When the temperature was lower than 35 ℃,there was no ventilation to reduce the temperature. When the temperature was higher than 35 ℃,the temperature was controlled by ventilation or wet curtain. The temperature is controlled between 32 ℃ to 35 ℃ to create a daytime sub-high temperature environment for seedling growth. The growth indexes of seedlings were analyzed,and the diurnal variations of water and gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured under control and optimal CP treatment（75 W）. The results showed that the plant height,stem diameter,shoot dry weight,root dry weight,root-shoot ratio and seedling index of the seedlings were firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of CP treatment power,and reached the highest values in CP treatments from 25 to 75 W. The growth quality of tomato seedlings showed the best level at 75 W CP treatment. In control,excepting the intercellular CO₂concentration（C_i）,the net photosynthetic rate（P_n）,transpiration rate（T_r）,stomatal conductance（G_s）,stomatal limiting value（L_s）and water use efficiency（WUE）were firstly decreased and then increased in daytime,which arrived at the highest（lowest）values in the sub-high temperature（34.9-35.3 ℃）at noon（12:00 to 14:00）in summer. When compared with control,CP treatment increased midday P_n,T_r,G_s,L_s,and decreased C_i,and showed a higher WUE in daytime. Meanwhile,CP treatment significantly increased the maximum fluorescence（F_m）,potential photochemical activity（F_v/F_o）,maximum photochemical efficiency（F_v/F_m）,excitation energy capture efficiency（F_v′/F_m′）,actual photochemical efficiency（Φ_PSⅡ）,photochemical quenching coefficient（q_P）,chlorophyll fluorescence decay rate（R_fd）,excitation energy distribution coefficient of PSⅠ（α）and the share（P）of absorbed light energy used for photochemical reactions when compared with control treatment. The minimum fluorescence（F_o）,non photochemical quenching coefficient（NPQ）,relative limiting value of photosynthetic function（L_PFD）,excitation energy pressure of PSⅡ（1-q_P）,excitation energy distribution coefficient of PSⅡ（β）,imbalance of excitation energy distribution between PSⅠand PSⅡ（β/α-1）,share of thermal dissipation of antenna（D）and the share of non photochemical dissipation（E_x）were decreased. The results showed that CP treatment could reasonably regulate leaf water and air exchange and light energy utilization,and promote the healthy growth of tomato seedlings under daytime sub-high temperature environment in summer.

Key words: tomato, cold plasma, seed treatment, sub-high temperature, photosynthesis

中图分类号:

S641.2

李恺, 张丽丽, 邵长勇, 仲崇山, 曹逼力, 史庆华, 巩彪. 亚高温下冷等离子体处理番茄种子对幼苗生长和光能利用的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2021, 48(11): 2286-2298.

LI Kai, ZHANG Lili, SHAO Changyong, ZHONG Chongshan, CAO Bili, SHI Qinghua, GONG Biao. Effects of Cold Plasma Seed Treatment on Tomato Seedling Growth and Light Energy Utilization Under Daytime Sub-high Temperature Environment[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(11): 2286-2298.

图/表 9

表1 幼苗生长期的光、温参数

Table 1 Parameters of light and temperature for seedlings growth

时间 Time	光强/（μmol · m^-2 · s^-1） Light intensity	气温/℃ Temperature
7:00	388.4	18.8
10:00	969.5	31.2
12:00	1 206.7	35.3
14:00	1 159.6	34.9
17:00	419.8	29.4

表2 不同功率的冷等离子体（CP）处理番茄种子对幼苗生长的影响

Table 2 Effect of tomato seed treatment with different powers of cold plasma（CP）on seedlings growth

CP功率/W	株高/cm Plant height	茎粗/mm Stem diameter	茎叶干质量/g Shoot dry weight	根干质量/g Root dry weight	根冠比 Root/shoot	壮苗指数 Seedling index
0（对照 Control）	11.25 ± 1.25 c	2.69 ± 0.15 c	0.49 ± 0.026 d	0.08 ± 0.016 c	0.16 ± 0.006 c	0.23 ± 0.029 c
25	15.68 ± 1.36 a	3.12 ± 0.13 ab	0.71 ± 0.036 ab	0.14 ± 0.015 ab	0.20 ± 0.010 a	0.34 ± 0.022 ab
50	14.99 ± 1.19 ab	3.20 ± 0.18 a	0.77 ± 0.043 a	0.15 ± 0.013 a	0.19 ± 0.009 a	0.37 ± 0.026 a
75	16.13 ± 1.21 a	3.21 ± 0.20 a	0.76 ± 0.031 a	0.15 ± 0.017 a	0.20 ± 0.011 a	0.36 ± 0.021 a
100	13.18 ± 1.13 b	3.06 ± 0.18 ab	0.68 ± 0.029 b	0.12 ± 0.012 b	0.18 ± 0.009 ab	0.33 ± 0.019 b
125	11.86 ± 0.89 c	3.08 ± 0.16 ab	0.61 ± 0.027 c	0.11 ± 0.016 b	0.18 ± 0.011 ab	0.32 ± 0.022 b
150	10.98 ± 1.26 cd	2.99 ± 0.13 b	0.47 ± 0.030 d	0.06 ± 0.015 d	0.13 ± 0.009 d	0.21 ± 0.022 c
175	10.07 ± 1.03 d	2.93 ± 0.15 b	0.43 ± 0.041 de	0.06 ± 0.011 d	0.14 ± 0.008 d	0.21 ± 0.026 c
200	8.86 ± 1.14 e	2.78 ± 0.11 bc	0.38 ± 0.034 e	0.05 ± 0.013 d	0.13 ± 0.011 d	0.19 ± 0.020 d

表3 冷等离子体（CP）处理番茄种子对幼苗叶片色素含量的影响

Table 3 Effect of tomato seed treatment with cold plasma（CP）on pigment concentrations of tomato leaves

CP功率/W	叶绿素a/（mg · g^-1 FW） Chl. a	叶绿素b/（mg · g^-1 FW） Chl. b	类胡萝卜素含量/（mg · g^-1 FW） Car	叶绿素a/b Chl. a/b
0（对照Control）	2.53 ± 0.13 b	0.78 ± 0.086 b	0.43 ± 0.092 a	3.24 ± 0.088 a
75	2.95 ± 0.17 a	1.01 ± 0.059 a	0.49 ± 0.072 a	2.92 ± 0.091 b

图1 冷等离子体（CP）处理番茄种子对幼苗叶片水、气交换参数日变化的影响 * 表示不同处理间的差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同。

Fig. 1 Effect of tomato seed treatment with cold plasma（CP）on H 2O,CO2 exchange of tomato leaves Asterisk indicates the significant differences among different treatments at P < 0.05. The same below.

图2 冷等离子体（CP）处理番茄种子对幼苗叶片暗适应荧光参数日变化的影响

Fig. 2 Effect of tomato seed treatment with cold plasma（CP）on dark adaptation fluorescence parameters of tomato leaves

图3 冷等离子体（CP）处理番茄种子对幼苗叶片光适应荧光参数日变化的影响

Fig. 3 Effect of tomato seed treatment with cold plasma（CP）on light adaptation fluorescence parameters of tomato leaves

图4 冷等离子体（CP）处理番茄种子对幼苗叶片光合功能相对限制值（LPFD）和叶绿素荧光衰减率（Rfd）日变化的影响

Fig. 4 Effect of tomato seed treatment with cold plasma（CP）on photosynthetic function relative limit value（LPFD） and chlorophyll fluorescence decay rate（Rfd）of tomato leaves

图5 冷等离子体（CP）处理番茄种子对幼苗叶片PSⅡ激发能压力和两个光系统间激发能分配的影响

Fig. 5 Effect of tomato seed treatment with cold plasma（CP）on PSⅡ excitation pressure and distribution of excitation energy between two photosystems of tomato leaves

图6 冷等离子体（CP）处理番茄种子对幼苗叶片PSⅡ吸收光能分配的影响

Fig. 6 Effect of tomato seed treatment with cold plasma（CP）on the distribution of luminous energy of PSⅡ of tomato leaves

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亚高温下冷等离子体处理番茄种子对幼苗生长和光能利用的影响

Effects of Cold Plasma Seed Treatment on Tomato Seedling Growth and Light Energy Utilization Under Daytime Sub-high Temperature Environment

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亚高温下冷等离子体处理番茄种子对幼苗生长和光能利用的影响

Effects of Cold Plasma Seed Treatment on Tomato Seedling Growth and Light Energy Utilization Under Daytime Sub-high Temperature Environment

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