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园艺学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (8): 1599-1608.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0238

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

番茄栽培基质中菊芋发酵秸秆的适宜配比研究

季延海1,3,赵孟良2,武占会1,3,梁 浩1,3,刘明池1,2,*   

  1. (1北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心,北京 100097;2青海大学农林科学院,西宁 810016;3农业部华北都市农业重点实验室,北京 100097)
  • 出版日期:2017-08-25 发布日期:2017-08-25

Research on Proper Proportions of Fermented Helianthus tuberosus Straw of Tomatoes in Substrate Culture

JI Yanhai1,3,ZHAO Mengliang2,WU Zhanhui1,3,LIANG Hao1,3,and LIU Mingchi1,2,*   

  1. (1Vegetable Research Center,Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;2Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;3Key Laboratory of North China Urban Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture,Beijing 100097,China)
  • Online:2017-08-25 Published:2017-08-25

摘要:

为研究菊芋发酵秸秆作为无土栽培基质的可行性,并筛选适宜的复配基质配比,开展了番茄基质栽培中适宜配比的研究。选取草炭与蛭石体积比2︰1的基质为对照,设置发酵后菊芋秸秆的添加比例为10%、20%、30%、40%、50%等复合基质处理,测定复配基质的理化性状,研究其对番茄生长、品质、产量、抗病性等的影响。结果表明,复合基质容重、总孔隙度、持水孔隙随菊芋发酵秸秆添加量的增多而降低,持水能力、通气孔隙、大小孔隙比随着菊芋发酵秸秆添加量的增多而增大;菊芋发酵秸秆添加量30%处理的番茄株高比对照增加8.22%;随着菊芋发酵秸秆添加量的增大番茄叶片Pn呈先上升后下降的趋势,菊芋发酵秸秆添加量10%、20%、30%和40%处理比对照处理高21.53%、17.72%、14.77%和14.20%。对照处理番茄病情指数(70.00)高于其他处理(35.72 ~ 51.98)。番茄果实可溶性固形物、维生素C、可溶性糖含量和糖酸比均随菊芋发酵秸秆添加量的增大而呈现先上升后下降的趋势,菊芋发酵秸秆添加量20% ~ 30%处理维生素C、可溶性糖含量和糖酸比显著高于对照;可滴定酸以对照最高,糖酸比以30%处理最高,显著高于对照处理 110.39%。各处理单株总产量,菊芋发酵秸秆添加量20%和10%的处理,分别显著高于对照 14.50%和12.50%。试验表明,适宜番茄基质栽培菊芋发酵秸秆的添加量为20% ~ 30%。

关键词: 菊芋, 秸秆, 复配基质, 番茄, 基质栽培

Abstract:

In order to study the feasibility of utilizations of fermented Helianthus tuberosus straw(FHTS)as substrates,and to find a proper proportions of mixed substrate for soilless cultivation,the growing adaptability of tomato in mixed substrates with FHTS was researched. In the control group(CK),peat︰vermiculite = 2︰1;five treatments were set with the proportions of FHTS being 10%,20%,30%,40% and 50%. Physicochemical properties of the compound substrates were tested and effects for growth,quality,yield and disease resistance were carried out. The results showed that a higher proportion of FHTS resulted in lower bulk density(BD),total porosity(TP),and water retaining porosity(WTP). However,water-holding capacity(WHC),aeration porosity(AP),void ratio(VR) were raised with the increasing proportion of FHTS. Plant height of 30% treatment was increased 8.22% than that of CK. Pn were first increased and then decreased with the increasing proportion of FHTS,and treatments of 10%,20%,30%,and 40% were 21.53%,17.72%,14.77% and 14.20% higher than that of CK,significantly. Disease index(DI)of CK(70.00)was higher than that of other treatments(35.72–51.98). The content of soluble solids,vitamin C,soluble sugar,sugar acid ratio were first increased and then decreased with the increasing proportion of FHTS. And the amount of FHTS added was 20%–30%,the content of vitamin C,soluble sugar and sugar acid ratio were significantly higher than that of CK. Titratable acid of CK was higher than that of other treatments,and sugar acid ratio of 30% treatment was the highest and 110.39% higher than that of CK,significantly. Yield per plant of 20% and 10% treatments were 14.50% and 12.50% higher than that of CK. The observed consequences indicated that 20%–30% volume proportions of FHTS were suitable for tomato cultivation.

Key words: Helianthus tuberosus, straw, mixed substrates, tomato, culture substrate

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