番茄果实叶绿体发育调控及其应用的研究进展

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0913

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

果实叶绿体的丰度和功能直接影响着果实品质。在果实成熟前，叶绿体作为同化器官合成大量同化物用于果实发育和品质相关代谢物的合成，在果实成熟期，叶绿体转化为有色体，存储前期在光合作用驱动下不同代谢途径合成的营养和风味物质。因此，通过调控果实叶绿体发育来提高果实品质成为研究热点，在果实叶绿体发育调控研究方面取得了显著进展。本文从影响果实叶绿体发育的转录因子、光信号、激素信号、氧化应激信号等几个方面对番茄果实叶绿体发育调控的研究进展综合论述，并提出了面临的挑战和今后研究的方向，旨在明晰番茄果实叶绿体发育的特异性调控机制，为番茄及其他作物果实的品质改良提供新思路。

关键词: 番茄, 果实, 叶绿体发育, 色素, 调控因子, 营养品质

Abstract:

Fruit chloroplast quantity and function have a direct impact on fruit quality. Fruit chloroplasts function as assimilation organs before ripening，synthesizing amounts of assimilates for fruit development and quality-related metabolites synthesis，and transform into chromoplasts during ripening，storing nutrients and flavor substances synthesized by different metabolic pathways driven by photosynthesis in the early stage. As a result，increasing fruit quality by controlling chloroplast development has been a research emphasis，and significant progress has been made in the study of fruit chloroplast developmental regulation in tomatos an essential fruit vegetable and model plant. This manuscript reviewed the progress of tomato fruit chloroplast development regulation in terms of transcription factors，light signals，hormone signals，and oxidative stress signals，as well as the challenges and future research directions，to clarify the specific regulation mechanism of fruit chloroplast development and provide new ideas for fruit quality improvement of tomato and other crops.

Key words: tomato, fruit, chloroplast development, pigments, regulatory factor, nutritional quality

中图分类号:

S641.2

王晋, 王新宇, 沈渊博, 张清花, 娄茜棋, 张世杰, 赵攀, 梁燕. 番茄果实叶绿体发育调控及其应用的研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(12): 2669-2682.

WANG Jin, WANG Xinyu, SHEN Yuanbo, ZHANG Qinghua, Lou Qianqi, ZHANG Shijie, ZHAO Pan, LIANG Yan. Regulation of Chloroplast Development in Tomato Fruit and Its Application[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(12): 2669-2682.

图/表 3

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名称 Name	番茄材料 Material	功能与性状 Function and characteristic	参考文献 Reference
GLK2	uniform ripening （u）mutant	调控绿果肩形成;u果实均匀浅绿，叶绿素含量降低，叶绿体的数量和体积及基粒类囊体数量减少 Regulation of green fruit shoulder formation;u fruit were uniformly light green with reduced chloroplast number and volume，granum thylakoids number and chlorophyll content	Powell et al.，2012; Nguyen et al.，2014
APRR2-Like	APRR2-Like overexpression	果实呈均匀深绿色，叶绿素含量升高，叶绿体数量和体积略增 Fruit were uniformly dark green，with increased chlorophyll content and slightly increased chloroplast number and volume	Pan et al.，2013
TKN2	Curl（Cu）mutant	果实深绿且较小，叶绿素含量升高，叶绿体数量和体积略增，基粒类囊体数量增多 Fruit were dark green and smaller，with increased chlorophyll content，slightly increased chloroplast number and volume，and increased granum thylakoid number	Nadakuduti et al.，2014
TKN4	uniform gray-green（ug）mutant	调控绿果肩形成;ug果实叶绿素含量、叶绿体体积及基粒类囊体数量下降 Regulation of green fruit shoulder formation;with reduced chlorophyll content，chloroplast volume and granum thylakoid number in ug fruit	Nadakuduti et al.，2014
BEL4	Micro-Tom BEL4-RNAi	果实略呈深绿色，叶绿素含量升高，叶绿体数量增加、体积增大 Fruit were slightly dark green，with increased chlorophyll content，chloroplast number and volume	Yan et al.，2020
BEL11	Micro-Tom BEL11-RNAi	果实呈深绿色，叶绿素含量升高，叶绿体数量增加、体积增大 Fruits were light green with reduced chlorophyll content，chloroplast number and volume	Meng et al.，2018
LOL1	LOL1 knock out	果实呈浅绿色，叶绿素含量降低，叶绿体数量减少、体积减小 Fruit were light green with reduced chlorophyll content，chloroplast number and volume	Borovsky et al.，2019
TAGL1	green stripe（gs）mutant	调控果实深绿条纹形成，深绿条纹区叶绿素含量升高，叶绿体数量增加 Regulation of dark green stripe formation on the fruit，with increased chlorophyll content and chloroplast number in the dark green stripe region	Liu et al.，2020

名称 Name	番茄材料 Material	功能与性状 Function and characteristic	参考文献 Reference
GLK2	uniform ripening （u）mutant	调控绿果肩形成;u果实均匀浅绿，叶绿素含量降低，叶绿体的数量和体积及基粒类囊体数量减少 Regulation of green fruit shoulder formation;u fruit were uniformly light green with reduced chloroplast number and volume，granum thylakoids number and chlorophyll content	Powell et al.，2012; Nguyen et al.，2014
APRR2-Like	APRR2-Like overexpression	果实呈均匀深绿色，叶绿素含量升高，叶绿体数量和体积略增 Fruit were uniformly dark green，with increased chlorophyll content and slightly increased chloroplast number and volume	Pan et al.，2013
TKN2	Curl（Cu）mutant	果实深绿且较小，叶绿素含量升高，叶绿体数量和体积略增，基粒类囊体数量增多 Fruit were dark green and smaller，with increased chlorophyll content，slightly increased chloroplast number and volume，and increased granum thylakoid number	Nadakuduti et al.，2014
TKN4	uniform gray-green（ug）mutant	调控绿果肩形成;ug果实叶绿素含量、叶绿体体积及基粒类囊体数量下降 Regulation of green fruit shoulder formation;with reduced chlorophyll content，chloroplast volume and granum thylakoid number in ug fruit	Nadakuduti et al.，2014
BEL4	Micro-Tom BEL4-RNAi	果实略呈深绿色，叶绿素含量升高，叶绿体数量增加、体积增大 Fruit were slightly dark green，with increased chlorophyll content，chloroplast number and volume	Yan et al.，2020
BEL11	Micro-Tom BEL11-RNAi	果实呈深绿色，叶绿素含量升高，叶绿体数量增加、体积增大 Fruits were light green with reduced chlorophyll content，chloroplast number and volume	Meng et al.，2018
LOL1	LOL1 knock out	果实呈浅绿色，叶绿素含量降低，叶绿体数量减少、体积减小 Fruit were light green with reduced chlorophyll content，chloroplast number and volume	Borovsky et al.，2019
TAGL1	green stripe（gs）mutant	调控果实深绿条纹形成，深绿条纹区叶绿素含量升高，叶绿体数量增加 Regulation of dark green stripe formation on the fruit，with increased chlorophyll content and chloroplast number in the dark green stripe region	Liu et al.，2020