Fruit Trees

• Effects of Zinc Deficiency Stress on the Antioxidative Capability and Plant Hormone Level of the Different Apple Rootstocks
• WANG Jin-Hua, TAN Xiu-Shan, LIU Fei, ZHANG Hong-Yi, FU Chun-Xia, WANG Yan-An-*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1429.
• Abstract ( 1374 ) HTML ( 1766 ) PDF (270KB) ( 1766 ) 　　　
• The antioxidative capability and plant hormone level of two apple rootstocks under zinc-deficiency stress were investigated for exploring the difference of endurance and sensitivity to zinc-deficiency stress between two apple rootstocks. The seedlings of two apple rootstocks cultivars（Malus hupehensis Rehd. and M. xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang）grown hydroponically under zinc- deficiency stress were tested. The changes in the antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase（SOD），peroxidase（POD）and catalase（CAT），membrane lipid peroxidation level and the endogenous hormones content of indole-3-acetic acid（IAA），gibberellin（GA3），zeatin riboside（ZR）and abscisic acid（ABA）in plant leaves and roots were studied. The results showed decreased SOD activity，increase activities of POD and CAT and the content of MDA in response to zinc-deficiency stress. Comparing with the M. hupehensis Rehd.，the decrease of SOD activity of the M. xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang was smaller，the increase of activities of POD and CAT were bigger，and the accumulation content of MDA in the seedling was less. After 45 days grown in a zinc-deficiency solution，the content of IAA and GA3 of the two apple rootstocks cultivars were both increased dramatically，and more increase were found in M. xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang. On the contrary，the content of ZR and ABA of two cultivars roots were decreased under zinc-deficiency condition. The sensitivity and endurance of the two apple rootstocks seedlings to zinc-deficiency stress were different. The M. hupehensis Rehd. was more sensitive and its membrane lipid peroxidation level was higher under zinc-deficiency stress，while M. xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang presented more potent antioxidant effect，had more plant hormones that promotes plant growth and had better endurance and resistance to the zinc-deficiency stress.
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• Using the SSR Fluorescent Labeling to Establish SSR Fingerprints for 92 Cultivars in Pyrus
• GAO Yuan, TIAN Lu-Ming, LIU Feng-Zhi, CAO Yu-Fen-*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1437.
• Abstract ( 1360 ) HTML ( 2104 ) PDF (295KB) ( 2104 ) 　　　
• The fluorescent labeling of simple sequence repeat（SSR）detection was used to establish SSR fingerprints of 92 pear cultivars. Ten pairs of SSR primers screened amplified 132 alleles，with an average of 13.2 alleles per locus. The range of locus heterozygosity was 0.2421–0.8632. The amplified bands of 10 pairs of primers were 8–44 with an average of 29.7. KA16，NH009b，NH013a，CH02b121 and CH05d04 can distinguish all of the pear cultivars. The ranges of gene diversity and PIC at 10 SSR loci of 92 cultivars were 0.4886–0.8810 and 0.4537–0.8707 respectively，with an average of 0.7930 and 0.7732 respectively. Ninety-two pear cultivars with different SSR fingerprints of each other can serve as the cultivars-specific patterns and as an important basis for cultivars identification.
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• Analysis of Ploidy Segregation and Genetic Variation of Progenies of Different Interploidy Crosses in Actinidia chinensis
• RAO Jing-Yun, LIU Yi-Fei, HUANG Hong-Wen
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1447.
• Abstract ( 1802 ) HTML ( 2427 ) PDF (460KB) ( 2427 ) 　　　
• Understanding ploidy segregation and genetic divergence of interploidy hybrids is useful for directional selection，creating polyploidy germplasm and exploring theoretical population genetics. Flow cytometry and AFLP molecular markers to be used explore ploidy segregation and genetic differentiation of hybrid progenies of eight crosses with different ploidy parents in Actinidia chinensis complex. The results showed that crosses between hexaploid females‘Xinguan 2’and diploid males ‘Hongyang’（♂）and‘Guihai’（♂）created hybrids with new ploidy levels（3x，4x，5x，7x，8x）.Moreover，the Nei’s genetic diversity（H：0.4166，0.4305），Shannon index（I：0.5833，0.6053）and percentage of polymorphic loci（P：91.18%，92.63%）were higher than other crosses. Crosses with lower interploidy difference [4x（♀）× 6x（♂），4x（♀）× 2x（♂），4x（♀）× 2x（♂），2x（♀）× 4x （♂）] have relatively lower genetic variation in the progenies，but created hybrids with odd number of ploidy levels （5x，3x，3x）. Progeny populations of all crosses showed a number of novel bands. Further analysis of genetic distance showed that，except for the cross No. 6 [4x（♀）× 2x（♂）]，closer genetic relationships between offsprings and the female parents were revealed in all other crosses.
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• Preparation and Application of the Antiserum Specific to the Coat Protein Expressed Prokatically of Papaya ring spot virus
• ZHAO Qin, LI Hua-Ping, XIE Da-Sen, HE Xiao-Ming, ZHANG Shu-Guang, LUO Shao-Bo
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1457.
• Abstract ( 1346 ) HTML ( 1456 ) PDF (662KB) ( 1456 ) 　　　
• Coat protein gene（cp）was amplified by RT-PCR from papaya leaves infected by Papaya ring spot virus and cloned to prokaryotic expression vector pET28b（+）. After identification by enzyme digestion and sequencing，the recombinant clone was transformed to Escherichia coli for protein expression. The fusion protein was highly expressed by groping the expressing host bacteria，concentration of IPTG and inducing time. SDS-PAGE indicated that the molecular weight of fusion protein highly expressed was 36.8 kD. The purified protein by Ni2+-NTA affinity chromatography was used as antigen to
  immunize the healthy rabbit for antiserum preparation. Indirect-ELISA（ID-ELISA）assay showed the optimal titer of the antiserum was 1︰16 384. Western blot analysis confirmed that the antiserum reacted specially with CP protein of PRSV. ID-ELISA testing of a number of field samples demonstrated the sensitivity and specificity of the antiserum. The present study had paved a way to establish the methods of PRSV detection and the research protein function of PRSV.
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• Screening of Mutants Resistant to the Toxin Produced by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Using Ethyl Methane Sulfonate and Toxin Mutagenesis Techniques
• YANG Mei, SHU Can-Wei, CHEN Jian-Yi, NIE Jian-Ping, ZHOU Er-Xun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1465.
• Abstract ( 1424 ) HTML ( 2313 ) PDF (238KB) ( 2313 ) 　　　
• The calli and differentiation buds of banana were treated with chemical mutagen ethyl methane sulfonate（EMS）and the crude toxin produced by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4（Foc 4），the causal agent of banana fusarium wilt，via a multi-step screen method. As a result，an optimized screen system was established and the resistant mutants were obtained. The optimized screen system as follows，Firstly，the calli and differentiation buds of banana were treated with 0.5%（v/v）of EMS for 40 minutes which resulted in the effect of“semi-lethal dose”；Then，the survived calli and differentiation buds of banana were screened directionally under the stress of successively increasing concentrations（5.0%→ 10.0%→12.5%）of Foc 4 crude toxin；And finally，toxin-resistant calli and toxin-resistant differentiation buds were successfully obtained by using this multi-step screen method. The regenerated banana plantlets derived from toxin-resistant mutants of differentiation buds were tested for their resistance to Foc 4 toxin， the results showed that the disease index（24.72）of mutant plantlets was significantly lower than that 96.11）of control plantlets，and the effect of toxin-resistance reached 74.28%.
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• Isolation and Expression Analysis of a cDNA Encoding GlutathionePeroxidase from Banana
• ZHANG Li-Li, XU Bi-Yu, LIU Ju-Hua, JIA Cai-Hong, ZHANG Jian-Bin, WANG Jia-Shui, JIN Zhi-Qiang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1471.
• Abstract ( 1629 ) HTML ( 1641 ) PDF (680KB) ( 1641 ) 　　　
• Glutathione peroxidase（GPX）is an important peroxide decomposition enzyme eliminatingreactive oxygen species in plants cells，which is involved in plants response to stress resistance. In thisstudy，a cDNA encoding GPX was isolated from banana root and designated as MaGPX（GenBankaccession No. JX094345）respectively. Sequence analysis indicated that MaGPX was 989 bp in length with an open reading frame of 504 bp predicted to encode 168 amino acids. Amino acid sequence alignment showed that MaGPX shared a typical conserved structure with GPXs from other plant species and showed
  high identity with Oryza sativa，Setaria italica，Triticum monococcum，Hordeum vulgare，Zea mays and Citrus sinensis as 85.12%，84.82%，83.93%，83.33%，82.14% and 80.36% respectively. The expression levels of MaGPX in different organs and in banana root under different stresses were analyzed by real-time qPCR. The results showed that MaGPX differentially expressed in different organs examined，with higher level in flowers and roots than that in rhizome，leaves and fruits. In addition，MaGPX expression increased under stresses as salt，waterlogging，drought and in infected by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. The results indicate that MaGPX is induced by both biotic and abiotic stress. Lay a foundation for the further research and application of biological function.
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Vegetables

• Genetic Analysis of Head-splitting Resistance Traits in Cabbage
• SU Yan-Bin, LIU Yu-Mei-*, FANG Zhi-Yuan, YANG Li-Mei, ZHUANG Mu, ZHANG Yang-Yong, ZHANG Xiao-Li, SUN Pei-Tian
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1482.
• Abstract ( 1275 ) HTML ( 1222 ) PDF (242KB) ( 1222 ) 　　　
• Six generations（P1，P2，F1，B1，B2 and F2）derived from the cabbage parents of‘79-156’ and‘96-100’were used to investigate the inheritance of head-splitting resistance trait in cabbage（Brassica oleracea L.var. capitata L.）by using mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance modle. The results showed that the head-splitting resistance trait was controlled by two additive-dominant-epitasis major genes plus additive-dominant-epitasis polygenes（E-0 model）in the joint analysis of the six generations. At the same time，the additive effect for the two major genes was foremost while there was some interaction effect between them. In 2010，the major genes，heritability of B1，B2 and F2 were estimated to be 67.3%， 1.4% and 59.1%，respectively，the heritability of polygenes were 0，56.2% and 0，the variance of the environment and genes variance accounted for 39.1% and 60.9% of the phenotypic variance in each population respectively. In 2011，the major genes，heritability of B1，B2 and F2 were estimated to be 85.5%，22.3% and 84% while the heritability of polygenes were 0，24.3% and 0，the variance of environment and genes accounted for 39.1% and 60.9% of the phenotypic variance in each population individually. It indicated that the trait of resistance to head-splitting in cabbage was dominated by major genes although the environmental factors had a great effect on it. In practical breeding，higher hereditability of major genes can be favorable to an efficient selection in early generation of F2 and B1 for resistance to head-splitting in cabbage .
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• Development of InDel Markers for Brassica campestris and Genetic Linkage Map Construction of the RILs Population
• MENG Lin, LIU Bo, LIN Liang-Bin, CHENG Feng, WANG Xiao-Wu, WU Jian
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1491.
• Abstract ( 1856 ) HTML ( 2383 ) PDF (469KB) ( 2383 ) 　　　
• Genome-wide Brassica campestris short Insertion/Deletion length polymorphisms（InDels）（≤ 5 bp）were detected by aligning whole genome re-sequencing data from two B. campestris accessions，‘R-O-18’and‘L58’，to the reference genome sequence of‘Chiifu-401-42’. In total， we identified 18 479 InDel polymorphsms between‘R-O-18’and‘L58’. A total of 500 InDel polymorphisms（4–5 bp in length）were converted to InDel markers and experimentally validated. Of the selected 500 InDel polymorphisms ，452 yielded a single PCR fragment ， but only 106 showed polymorphism between‘R-O-18’and‘L58’，48 did not amplify a product，346 showed no polymorphism. These 106 InDel markers were used to screen the genotype of RILs developed from the crossing of ‘R-O-18’and‘L58’. A genetic linkage map contained 99 InDel markers was constructed.
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• Cloning and Functional Analysis of a Drought-responsive Gene BpNFYA5 from Chinese Cabbage
• HUANG Ren-Hui, WANG Gui-Xiang, LIU Fan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1501.
• Abstract ( 1550 ) HTML ( 2109 ) PDF (533KB) ( 2109 ) 　　　
• Through alignment with the sequence of NFYA5 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana（At1g54160），we got the homologous ESTs in Chinese cabbage[Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis（Lour.）Makino]. Then，the full length of the gene namely BpNFYA5 was cloned by the method of Electronic Clone. The deduced protein of BpNFYA5 has the CCAAT-box binding domain，which showed 92.6% amino acid sequence identify with that of Arabidopsis. BpNFYA5 transcript is strongly induced by drought stress. The over-expression vector pBIn-NFYA5 and RNA-interference vector pFGC-NFYA5 were constructed and transformed to Arabidopsis thaliana（Col）mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The drought-tolerance was analyzed between the BpNFYA5 over-expression（OL），RNA-interference（Ri） and the wild-type（WT）Arabidopsis through the methods of drought stress and 10% PEG6000 drought simulated treatments. The results showed that chlorophyll content of OL was higher compared with those of WT and Ri；Proline content of OL accumulated quickly and showed higher than those of WT and Ri； Likewise，the rate of water loss in OL leaves was less than in WT and Ri. All above suggested that BpNFYA5 gene play an important role in drought response.
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• Allelopathy of Welsh Onion Root Exudates on Cucumber Seed Germination and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum and the GC–MS Analysis
• XU Ning, WANG Chao, WEI Min, SHI Wei, WANG Xiu-Feng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1511.
• Abstract ( 1743 ) HTML ( 2584 ) PDF (320KB) ( 2584 ) 　　　
• The allelopathy of welsh onion root exudates collected by continuous root exudates trapping system（CRETS）was studied on cucumber seed germination and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum，and the components of the root exudates were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GS–MS）. The results showed that the seed germination and sprout growth of cucumber were promoted by root exudates of welsh onion at low concentration while suppressed at high concentration，the allelopathy of‘Yuanzang’was stronger than‘Zhangqiu’. Inhibitory effects on hypha growth and spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum enhanced with increasing concentration of root exudates，and‘Yuanzang’showed stronger effects than‘Zhangqiu’. Heterocyclic，ester，amide，acid，hydrocarbon，aldehyde，ketone，phenol，alcohol，ether，naphthalene compounds were detected in root exudates of Welsh onion，of which heterocyclic，ester and amide were the most compounds. Phthalate esters and benzothiazole derivatives had greater relative contents while p-cresol 2,2’-methylenebis 6-tert-butyl-，benzyl benzoate，benzoic acid p-tolyl ester，2-（methylthio）phenyl isothiocyanate had lower relative contents，which were higher in‘Yuanzang’than in‘Zhangqiu’.
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Ornamental Plants

• Research on Starch Phosphorylase Purification and Enzymatic Properties in Bulbs of Lilium
• SUN Hong-Mei-*, ZHOU Lan-Juan, WANG Wen-Juan, YUAN Si-Shi, WANG Chun-Xia
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1521.
• Abstract ( 1565 ) HTML ( 1401 ) PDF (397KB) ( 1401 ) 　　　
• Starch phosphorylase（SP）in bulbs of Lilium davidii var. unicolor was purified and its enzymatic properties were studied. The results indicated that SP activity was improved 14.78 fold by 30%–60% ammonium sulfate fractionation with a final yield of 23% and a subunit of 62.5 kD. The optimal reaction buffer and temperature were citric acid-sodium citrate buffer（pH 5.0）and 30 ℃，respectively. However，SP was sensible to strong acid and it was not suitable for adding phenolic inhibitors（PVP）to the reaction system. The activity was stable under neutral and alkaline conditions，while decreased under pH < 5. In the synthetic direction，Km value for G-1-P was 2.84 mmol · L-1. Furthermore，1 mmol · L-1 Mg2+ and Ca2+ promoted SP activity significantly，K+ and Zn2+ also played a promoting role. Most ions with high concentration（> 10 mmol · L-1）could inhibit SP activity，whereas Na+ enhanced the activity with its
  concentration increasing. Besides，the enzyme activity increased by 30% while adding 10 mmol · L-1 ascorbic acid to the reaction system.
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• Analysis on Genetic Diversity of Ten Insular Populations of Camellia japonica
• LIN Li, HU Zhong-Yi, LI Ji-Yuan, ZHU Zhi-Yong, NI Sui
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1531.
• Abstract ( 1570 ) HTML ( 1372 ) PDF (409KB) ( 1372 ) 　　　
• Camellia japonica is an important horticultural and economic species，mainly distributed in East Asia. Inter-simple sequence repeat（ISSR）markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity within and among the ten natural populations of Camellia japonica. A total of 210 discernible loci were obtained for all populations using 20 primers，90% of which were polymorphic（PPL = 90%）. The average value of Nei’s genetic diversity and Shannon information index of ten populations were 0.2732 and 0.4003，indicated that the genetic diversity of Camellia japonica populations was relatively high. Population in Kagoshima，Shikoku Island and Goto Island had a higher level of genetic diversity than that in Zhoushan Islands and Changmenyan Island. The value of differentiation（Gst = 0.2028）affirmed that Camellia japonica had high genetic differentiation among populations，and a significant correlation was found between genetic distance and geographic distance（r = 0.9081，P < 0.05）. UPGMA showed that CMY population had a close relationship with Zhoushan Islands populations.
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Other Horticulture Plants

• Phylogenetic Analysis and Identification of Dendrobium Species Based on Ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacer（ITS）Sequence
• LI Dan, LI Zhen-Jian, MAO Ping, YAN Xue-Feng, CHUN Ze, MA Xin-Rong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1539.
• Abstract ( 1819 ) HTML ( 2045 ) PDF (695KB) ( 2045 ) 　　　
• Dendrobium is valued for its ornamental and medicinal purposes. However，the taxonomy of this genus is still in a state of confusion，and it is more difficult to authenticate after processing. Based on the emerging field of molecular systematics as a powerful classification tool，a phylogenetic analysis was conducted using sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA（rDNA ITS） as DNA barcodes for species identification and phylogenetic analysis of Dendrobium plants. In this study， the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequence database of the 43 Dendrobium samples was constructed. Among them，thirty-five fresh specimens were known and the other 8 processed dry samples were undetermined. The
  results showed that four ITS sequences from Den. hainanense，Den. sinense and two Den. hybrida varieties of Den. Burana Charming and Den. Burana Stripe respectively were not promulgated in GenBank. Analyzing the relationship between ITS sequence discrepancies and the phenotypic characteristics revealed that the ITS homology was positively correlated to morphology traits. The phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the ITS sequences using Platanthera dilatata as an outgroup to root the tree. According to the analysis of phylogeny and cluster，the 35 Dendrobium known samples were divided into 5 clusters，and most of the samples（24 out of 35）were clustered together. Den. hancockii and Den. harveyanum were clustered together. Den. sinense Den. lindleyi and Den. jenkinsii were grouped to one branch. Den. capillipes was parted to a branch individually. Den. hainanense and Den. crumenatum were clustered together. The results displayed that the sections of most species divided by ITS were as the same as traditional classification. However，there were several species regrouped to different sections by ITS. And Den. salaccense was grouped to the same branch of Den. Burana Charming and Den. Burana Stripe， and the sections were not determined before. Moreover，the authentication of the eight unknown Dendrobium processed dry samples were also identified by rDNA ITS.
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Research Notes

• The Analysis of Characteristic Variations of the Seedlings of Xinjiang Wild Myrobalan Plum and Excavation of the Excellent Germplasm Resources
• JI Xiao-Hao, ZHANG Rui, MAO Zhi-Quan, KUANG Lin-Guang, LU Ming-Fang, WANG Yan, ZHANG Yan-Min
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1551.
• Abstract ( 1305 ) HTML ( 1180 ) PDF (263KB) ( 1180 ) 　　　
• To excavate excellent germplasm resources，the characteristic variations among the ripening fruits of 35 randomly chosen progeny seedlings from the totally planted 28 000 wild myrobalan plum（Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.）seedlings were preliminary investigated in the orchard located in Jiaozhou，
  Shandong. This research provided basic data for scientific protection and sustainable utilization of the wild resources of myrobalan plum. The results indicated that except shape index and the content of Mg，there were considerable variations in the fruit morphological traits，the content of anthocyanin，soluble solids content（SSC），fructose，glucose，sucrose，malic acid，oxalic acid，lactic acid，citric acid，succinic acid and mineral element（Ca，Fe，Zn）. The variation coefficients were above 10%. Statistic analysis showed that the variation was in line with normal distribution. Among them，the fruit weight variation ranges from 2.62–22.66 g with variation coefficient of 70.10%. It indicated that this group has the large potential for further selection. Forty-one elite plants were discovered from 28 000 seedlings according to fruit weight，rate of fruit set by other pollen and tree habit. Further more，we excavated seven excellent germplasm resources，whose fruit weight were above 11 g and soluble solids content were above 12%， including 3 types of large fruit，high-sugar and high-acid.
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• Effects of Methyl Jasmonate Treatment on Levels of Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Peroxide and Phytoalexin Synthesis in Postharvest Grape Berries
• WANG Kai-Tuo, ZHENG Yong-Hua, TANG Wen-Cai, LI Ting-Jun, ZHANG Qing, SHANG Hai-Tao
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1559.
• Abstract ( 1607 ) HTML ( 1515 ) PDF (375KB) ( 1515 ) 　　　
• In order to reveal the mechanisms of methyl jasmonate（MeJA）inhibiting postharvest decay in grape berries，‘Kyoho’grape berries were pretreated with 10 μmol · L-1 MeJA vapor for 6 h and then stored at 1 ℃ for 28 days. The fruit decay incidence，weight loss rate，levels of endogenous signaling molecules nitric oxide（NO）and hydrogen peroxide（H2O2），activities of phytoalexin synthesis related enzymes and individual phytoalexin compounds contents were determined at 7-day intervals during the storage. The results exhibited that the MeJA treatment could significantly inhibit the increase in decay incidence and weight loss rate，promote endogenous NO release and H2O2 content during the early stage of the storage，and simultaneously induce the increase in activities of phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase（PAL）， cinnamate 4-hydroxylase（C4H），4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase（4-CL）and resveratrol synthase（RS） associated with phytoalexin synthesis and the contents of phytoalexins including resveratrol and viniferin in grape berries during the storage. Therefore，we speculate that MeJA might play an important role in signal transduction in grape cells，which regulated the downstream signaling molecules NO and H2O2 levels to enhance activities of enzymes related to phytoalexin synthesis，resulting in promoting phytoalexin.accumulation and furthermore improving disease resistance in grape berries.
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• Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of Annexin Gene from Cabbage
• SUN Zi-Jian, XU Jun-Qiang, SONG Ming-*, WEI Jing-Yi, TANG Qing-Lin, WANG Zhi-Min, WANG Xiao-Jia
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1567.
• Abstract ( 1286 ) HTML ( 1505 ) PDF (875KB) ( 1505 ) 　　　
• Plant annexins constitute a multigene family having suggested roles in a variety of cellular processes. We have isolated and characterized an annexin cDNA of cabbage（Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.）gene（BoAnnexin2）encoding annexin proteins using RT-PCR and RACE-PCR after 2-D electrophoresis of cabbage pollen total proteins，which found that annexin protein was downregulated when pollens were germinated. The BoAnnexin2 gene was 1 157 bps，which contained 951 bps open reading frame. The predicted molecular mass of BoAnnexin2 is 36.02 kD with acidic pI of 6.33. At the amino acid level，BoAnnexin2 contains two typeⅡCa2+ binding domain repeats，there was a GXXXGXS （T）/DXXG motif in the fourth domain. The quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the BoAnnexin2 gene expression in mature pollen is eight times higher than that in germinated pollen. These results indicate that BoAnnexin2 gene may play an important role in cabbage pollen germination.
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• Cloning and Expression Analysis of BrcuDFR-like/BrcuAXS Gene in Flowering Chinese Cabbage
• XIAO Xu-Feng-1, WANG Heng, WANG Yi-Lin, CAO Bi-Hao, LEI Jian-Jun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1575.
• Abstract ( 2625 ) HTML ( 1382 ) PDF (391KB) ( 1382 ) 　　　
• In order to predict the function of BrcuDFR-like/BrcuAXS，both the full-length of cDNA and genomic DNA were cloned with the method of PCR and RACE and expression pattern was investigated in flowering Chinese cabbage（Brassica rapa syn. campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee）. The results indicated that the cDNA with the complete coding region was 1 332 bp in length which encoded 312 putative amino acids. The corresponding gDNA was 2 460 bp in length which harbored eight exons and seven introns. The longest intron was the third intron with 401 bp in length. A computer scan disclosed that the introns harbored light-responsive element，gibberellin-responsive element，defense and stress responsiveness element，heat stress responsiveness element，WRKY and MYB binding site and so on. The semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that no detectable levels were expressed during the first stage of sampling，then transcripts were detected during the two true-leaf，the four true-leaf，the five true-leaf and the flowering stages. Based on expression analysis，it is more likely to encode DFR than AXS，and it may play a role of transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth in flowering Chinese cabbage.
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• Genetic Stability Analysis of Exogenous Gene in Long-term Cultured Cucumber Hairy Roots
• CAO Qing-Feng, XIANG Tai-He-*, MENG Sha-Sha, WANG Sha-Sha, LU Wen-Yi
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1583.
• Abstract ( 1087 ) HTML ( 1567 ) PDF (348KB) ( 1567 ) 　　　
• In this study，it was investigated that the genetic stability of gfp gene in the cucumber hairy roots that had been cultured on solid medium for 3 years. The analysis of PCR for gfp and rol（root loci） genes，qRT-PCR for gfp gene and Western blot for GFP protein were conducted，while green fluorescence
  was checked on hairy roots. The results showed that the expression of gfp driven by constitutive promoter 35S was relatively stable at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore，the morphology-related rol genes of the hairy roots after 3-year culturing can be amplified. Overall，this study provided important experimental supports for using hairy roots in the long-term industrial production of proteins and active ingredients of medicinal plants.
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• Studies on the Genetic Relationship Between Capsicum frutescens var. shuanlaense and Other Five Cultivated Capsicum Species
• MENG Jin-Gui, ZHANG Qing-Zhe, WANG Shuo, ZHANG Ying-Hua
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1589.
• Abstract ( 1886 ) HTML ( 2424 ) PDF (485KB) ( 2424 ) 　　　
• The study of the phylogenetic relationship was carried out with ISSR molecular markers among Shuanla（Capsicum frutescens L. var. shuanlaense）and other five cultivated Capsicum species （Capsicum annuum，C. frutescens，C. chinense，C. baccatum and C. pubescens）including 71 pieces of
  germplasm in total. Genomic DNA was amplified with 11 screened ISSR primers by PCR，a total of 112 polymorphic bands were amplified，polymorphism bands reached 90.17% in average. Genetic similarity coefficient of all material located between 0.049 and 0.875. At the point of the similarity coefficient 0.31，
  C. frutescens var. shuanlaense and C. frutescens which originate in USA was classified in a group，which proved C. frutescens var. shuanlaense belonged to C. frutescens with molecular measure. C. frutescens var. shuanlaense had the closest relationship with C. annuum，followed by C. chinense，and C. baccatum more distantly related，the relationship with C. pubescens is the most distant. At the point of similarity coefficient 0.397，66 pieces of germplasm belong to C. annuum were further classified into 7 subgroups，Gejiu Wrinkled Pepper and Jianshui Yingtaojiao（C. annuum var. cerasiforme）were separated into two subgroups. The rest were var. longum，var. dactylus + var. breviconoideum，var. grossum，var. cerasiforme and var. fascicutatum. Basically they are consistent with the pepper morphological classification results.
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• Cloning and Expression Profiling of the Transcription Factor CBF Gene from Rosa hybrida
• DI Jun-Feng, WANG Fa-Wei, WANG 南, ZONG Jun-Mei, LI Hai-Yan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1596.
• Abstract ( 1587 ) HTML ( 2008 ) PDF (543KB) ( 2008 ) 　　　
• We firstly cloned the partial fragment of CBF from Rosa hybrida‘Hanjin 4’using homology cloning methods according to AP2/EREBP conserved sequences. Then，two pairs of specific primers for inverse PCR were designed to clone the 5' and 3' end sequences of CBF gene，respectively. The resulting 5' and 3' end sequences and the partial fragment were combined to a full length sequence，which was named RhCBF and submitted to GenBank（Accession number：EF582843）. The full-length of cDNA is 758 bp and the open reading frame（ORF）is 603 bp，encoding 200 amino acids；According to Real-time PCR analysis using a pair of specific primers，we found that salt，low temperature stresses could induce the expression of RhcCBF dramatically，but the mRNA level of RhCBF could hardly induced by drought treatment. These results show that RhCBF would play a critical role in salt and low temperature stresses.
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New Cultivars

• A New Mid-ripening Apple Variety‘Jinshiji’
• AN Gui-Yang-*, DU Zhi-Hui, YU Jun-Yi, DENG Feng-Chan, WANG Lei-Cun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1603.
• Abstract ( 1535 ) HTML ( 1015 ) PDF (199KB) ( 1015 ) 　　　
• ‘Jinshiji’is a new apple variety selected from‘Royal Gala’，which was introduced in 1996from New Zealand. The variety has good characteristics. The fruit shape is nearly orbicular. The averagefruit mass is 210 g. It has high quality（SSC 14.2% and TA 0.24%）and relatively long storage life. Theripening date is from the end of July to the early of August. The tree is early-bearing and has high and constant yield.
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• A New Mid-late Ripening Cherry Cultivar‘Caihong’
• ZHANG Kai-Chun-*, ZHANG Xiao-Ming, YAN Guo-Hua, ZHOU Yu, JIANG Li-Jie
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1605.
• Abstract ( 1100 ) HTML ( 893 ) PDF (186KB) ( 893 ) 　　　
• Caihong’is a new mid-late ripening cultivar of Prunus avium L. It is a large-sized，red skin cherry with crisp，juicy，firm，yellow flesh. The average fruit weight is 7.7 g，and the biggest one is 10.5 g. Its good-flavor is due to medium acidity and high sweetness，average soluble solids content is 17.4%. It
  ripens in early June in Beijing area. It is very suitable for picking-up market due to its high production， early fruit-bearing，long stalk，and its fruits can maintain on tree for nearly 15 days. The tree is moderately vigorous，with good adaptability to chilling and freezing injuries.
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• A New Middle Ripening Peach Cultivar‘Yanbao’
• WANG Zhao-Yuan, CHANG Rui-Feng, ZHANG Li-Sha, CHEN Hu, HAN Ji-Cheng, LIU Guo-Jian
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1607.
• Abstract ( 1152 ) HTML ( 1095 ) PDF (141KB) ( 1095 ) 　　　
• ‘Yanbao’is a new mid-ripening peach cultivar from seedling of‘Okubo’peach. The fruit development period is 95 days. The fruit shape is nearly round with a round-flat fruit top. The average fruit weight is 270 g，the maximum is 340 g. The fruit skin is covered by bright red color，and flush degree is above 90%. The flesh is white with intermediate red pigment，hard-melting and free stone. It is delicious with 12.5% soluble solids content and 0.22% total titratable acid content. It is tolerant to storage and long-distance transportation with 8.5 kg · cm-2 hardness. The cultivar is self-fruitful and has high yield.
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• A New Mid-late Ripening Nectarine Cultivar‘Jingheyou 2’
• WANG Shang-De, LIU Jia-Chen-*, JIANG Hai-Yue, ZHOU Lian-Di
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1609.
• Abstract ( 1321 ) HTML ( 916 ) PDF (201KB) ( 916 ) 　　　
• ‘Jingheyou 2’is a new mid-late ripening nectarine cultivar originated from the cross‘25-17’ב2-2-94’. Its flower is nonshowy with no pollen. The fruit is nearly round in shape，with the average weight of 201.2 g. The fresh is yellow，sweet，with hard melting and fine texture. The soluble solids content is about 12.0%–14.5%. Pit is half-free from fresh，non-split.‘Jingheyou 2’is a fruitful cultivar. Its fruit development period is about 120–130 d.
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• A New Walnut Cultivar‘Rili’
• ZHAO Deng-Chao, HOU Li-Qun, WANG Jun-Yi, HAN Chuan-Ming, CUI Shu-Ying, WANG Cui-Xiang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1612.
• Abstract ( 1306 ) HTML ( 1092 ) PDF (207KB) ( 1092 ) 　　　
• ‘Rili’is a new late bearing walnut cultivar selected from wild seedling resources in Shandong Province. The walnut is ovoid in shape. The average nut weight is 11.92 g. The thickness of shell is about 1.29 mm. The nut has smooth surface. It is very easy to take out the whole kernel. The kernel was full and plump，with a membrane of diaphragm，a light yellow inner layer. The kernel total fat content is 64.50%，kernel total protein content is 15.1%. In addition，it has good productivity，high resistant to disease.
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• A New Litchi Cultivar‘Guanyinlü’
• WANG Ze-Huai, LIU Xiu-Rong, CHEN Chen-Xi, CAI Tian-Hua, LI Jian-Guo, CAI Chun-Ping, XI Zhuo-Jun, CAI Yu-Hong, HU Gui-Bing, CAI Zhi-Hui, CAI Yan-Qiang, LI Jing-Zhao
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1615.
• Abstract ( 1642 ) HTML ( 1206 ) PDF (264KB) ( 1206 ) 　　　
• ‘Guanyinlü’，a new litchi cultivar，was selected from open-pollinated seedlings. The mainfruit traits are as follows：Oval shape，beautiful flesh，crisp texture，average single fruit weight 21–25 g，TSS 18.5%，high seed abortion rate（> 95%），flesh recovery of 81.5%. It begins flowering after planting 3 years，and the production of 4 years trees are 7.5 kg per tree.
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• A New Early Maturing Chinese Cabbage Cultivar‘Jinzao 58 ’with Diseases Resistance and Heat Tolerance
• ZHAO Li-Min-*, KE Gui-Lan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1617.
• Abstract ( 1383 ) HTML ( 1251 ) PDF (214KB) ( 1251 ) 　　　
• ‘Jinzao 58’is a new early maturing hybrid Chinese cabbage cultivar with diseasesresistance and heat tolerance，it was crossed with new cytoplasm male sterile line 07RC4 as female parent and self-incompatibility line 07S132 as male plant. The plant is semi-erect. The leaf head is short and leaves congruence. The whole growing stage is about 58 days，average single head is 1.6 kg，and yield is 40–45 t · hm-2. This cultivar is easy heading and leaf head is tight. It has good quality，high resistance to mildews，viruses，black rot and extensive adaptability. It is suitable to be cultivated in summer and early autumn.
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• A New Loose-curd Cauliflower Hybrid‘Zhe 017’
• GU Hong-Hui-*, ZHAO Zhen-Qing, SHENG Xiao-Guang, YU Hui-Fang, WANG Jian-Sheng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1620.
• Abstract ( 1664 ) HTML ( 1129 ) PDF (227KB) ( 1129 ) 　　　
• A new cauliflower hybrid‘Zhe 017’，loose-curd type，was crossed from regenerated microspore-derived double haploid plants. The waxy and dark green leaf plants are erect as well as compact-type. The milky white curd has light green peduncle and flat spherical shape. Normally the loose curd is 1.2 kg weight with 23 cm in transverse diameter. The curds have 1.0% crude protein，2.6% soluble sugar and 604 mg · kg^-1 vitamin C. This hybrid can be applied to fresh use as well as curd-dehydrated processing. It takes 65 days from transplanting to harvest，and it is suitable for cultivating in eastern China.
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• A New Tomato Hybrid‘Jinpeng M6’with Resistance to Meloidogyne incognita
• LI Xiao-Dong, ZHENG Li-Fang-1, WANG Jian-Ren, GONG Zhen-Hui, CAI Yi-Yong, LI Yong-Ning, REN Xiang-Hui
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1623.
• Abstract ( 1352 ) HTML ( 1141 ) PDF (210KB) ( 1141 ) 　　　
• ‘Jinpeng M6’is a new indeterminate growth type and pink tomato hybrid，which is developed by crossing‘M6’ב13B’. The hybrid grows strongly and has spare foliage. Fruits are highly round in shape，and young fruits have no green shoulder. Its matured fruit is pink，has a smooth peel， uniform colour and high glossiness. The fruit has thick pulp，big fruit core，long storability and shelf-life. The hybrid is highly resistant to Meloidogyne incognita and ToMV，moderately resistant to CMV， fusarium wilt and leaf mould. It is suitable for cultivation in early spring，overwinter and one big crop of autumn-winter-spring under greenhouse conditions. It is early ripening，the early yield is 52 500 kg · hm^-2 in early spring，the total yield is about 127 500–150 000 kg · hm^-2 in spring.
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• A New Paphiopedilum Cultivar‘Red Agate’
• WANG Yan-Jun, TAN Zhi-Yong, LIU Yun-Quan, LIU Wei
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(8): 1626.
• Abstract ( 1304 ) HTML ( 1562 ) PDF (265KB) ( 1562 ) 　　　
• ‘Red Agate’is a new Paphiopedilum hybrid developed by crossing female parent Paphiopedilum bellatulum × male parent（Paphiopedilum spicerianum × Paphiopedilum Pacific Shamrock）.The new cultivar is characterized by variegated and thick leaf，large flower. It has strong adaptability and high seeds germination rate.
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