Fruit Trees

• The Effects of Drip Fertigation on Tree Growth and Fruiting of Trovita Sweet Orange（Citrus sinensis Osbeck）in Calcareous Purple Soil in Chongqing of China
• PENG Liang-zhi;CHUN Chang-pin;JIANG Cai-lun;WANG Xue-sheng;LIU Sheng;CAO Li;LEI Ting;and LING Li-li
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 1-6.
• Abstract ( 1843 ) HTML ( 1346 ) PDF (158KB) ( 1346 ) 　　　
• A field experiment was conducted during 2002—2007 to evaluate effects of various drip fertigation frequencies（4 times/year，10 times/year，16 times/year）on tree growth，fruit yield and quality of Trovita sweet orange（Citrus sinensis Osbeck）on‘Carrizo’citrange [Poncirus trifoliata（L.）Raf.] × Citrus sinensis Osbeck] rootstock（planted in 2001）in calcareous purple soil in Zhongxian County of Chongqing. The control trees were fertilized（10 times/year）by broadcast application. The results showed that tree trunk circumference，tree height and canopy diameter did not show significant response to fertigation frequency；And no significant difference existed between fertigation treatments and control for tree growth. However，fertigation treatments showed significant effects on increasing fruit yield with 29.4%–36.5% more accumulative yield than the control，but high fertigation frequency did not increase fruit yield. No significant effects was observed for fertigation on fruit quality. It is recommended that citrus growing in calcareous purple soil should be drip fertigated 4 times a year.
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• Polyphenolic Compound and Substances Determination of Enzymatic Browning in Pear
• YUAN Jiang;ZHANG Shao-ling;CAO Yu-fen;WU Jun;TIAN Lu-ming;TAO Shu-tian;and DONG Xing-guang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 7-14.
• Abstract ( 2353 ) HTML ( 1559 ) PDF (265KB) ( 1559 ) 　　　
• The phenolic compound content，categories，and substrate for enzymatic browning in 10 cultivars，which belong to different species and inter-specific hybridization of pear（Pyrus L.）in China，were investigated intensively in this paper. The results showed that 10 different phenolic compounds were identified in fresh fruit with high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）analysis. The content of phenolic compounds exhibited high difference among different cultivars and species，and average content of chlorogenic acid was the highest，and followed by vanillin，violaquereitrin，epicatechin and catechin in sequence. Thus，these five phenolic compounds were major phenolic substances in pear fruit；Whereas，average content of caffeic acid was the lowest. The gray correlation of total phenols，chlorogenic acid，epicatechin，catechin and antioxidative activity with browning revealed that total phenols showed the primary effects on browing and followed by chlorogenic acid. Comparatively，the antioxidative activity showed the lowest effect on browning. Chlorogenic acid should be the primary browning substance because of the highest content in fruit and capacity in combination with polyphenol oxidases（PPO）.
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• Research on Starch and Protein Accumulation and Metabolism During the Development of the Ginkgo biloba Female Gametophyte
• LU Yan;WANG Li;PAN Ye;CHEN Peng;WANG Di;XIE Yan;and JIN Xin-xin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 15-24.
• Abstract ( 2118 ) HTML ( 1278 ) PDF (1792KB) ( 1278 ) 　　　
• Twenty-year old Ginkgo biloba L.‘Fozhi’was used to investigate nutrient metabolism mechanisms during the development of the female gametophyte，using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that during development of the female gametophyte，accumulation of nutrients showed a consistent change. Before fertilization，the jacket cells，tentpole，and neck cells rapidly accumulated large amounts of nutrients，while nutrients in endosperm cells around the archegonia were transferred gradually. During fertilization，nutrient metabolism in jacket cells and tentpole strongly increased. Nutrients in the endosperm cells around the archegonia were drastically reduced，and the endosperm cells and neck cells began to disintegrate. Jacket cells，tentpole，neck cells，and the endosperm tissue around archegonia all disintegrated after fertilization. We also found that the accumulation of nutrients in the endosperm underwent four stages：Parenchyma cell proliferation，the formation of nutrients，a rapid increase in nutrient accumulation，and a slight increase in nutrient accumulation. Finally，we found that starch grains developed from amyloplasts that contain one or more amyloid. These starch grains proliferated by budding or by constriction in the middle. Proteins present included P1 in the inner endosperm cell，and P2 in the outer aleurone layer. Before fertilization，the jacket cells and tentpole were highly active，and filled with high amounts of starch and protein，as well as mitochondria，endoplasmic reticulum and vesicles.
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• Research on Heterosis of Photosynthetic Characteristics of Peach
• ZHANG Bin-bin;JIANG Wei-bing;HAN Jian;HUA Xiang-ping;XIE Zhi-hua;and YU Ming-liang;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 25-34.
• Abstract ( 1709 ) HTML ( 1364 ) PDF (263KB) ( 1364 ) 　　　
• Taking six peach（Prunus persica L.）varieties and eight crossbreed combinations of them（F1）as materials，photosynthetic characteristics，chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics as well as their heterosis and parent-offspring correlation were studied in September to investigate the inheritance of photosynthetic performance. The results showed that positive mid-parent heterosis and transgressive heterosis were higher on chlorophyll content，carotenoid content，water use efficiency（WUE），CO2 compensation point（CCP）and PSⅡ actual photochemical efficiency（Yield）of most combinations while negative heterosis were higher on net photosynthetic rate（Pn），light compensation point（LCP），light saturation point（LSP），light saturated net photosynthetic rat（LSPn），apparent quantum yield（AQY），CO2 saturation point（CSP），CO2 saturated net photosynthetic rat（CSPn），carboxylation efficiency（CE），electron transport rate（ETR），PSⅡ maximal photochemical efficiency（Fv/Fm）and non-photochemical quench（NPQ）. The behavior value of characteristics in F1 was less correlated with that of all parents except CSP and Fv/Fm after parent-offspring correlation. Meanwhile，the relative heterosis was correlated with different value between parents on carotenoid content，Pn，LSP，LSPn，CCP，CSP，CSPn and minimal fluorescence（Fo）. In order to breeding new variety of peach with photosynthetic superiority，proper differences between parents should be noticed.
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• The Changes of Volatile Compositions of‘Okubo’Peach and Its Relationship with Ethylene and Relevant Enzymes Stored at Ambient Temperature
• LI Yang-xin;WANG Gui-xi;and LIANG Li-song
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 35-42.
• Abstract ( 1790 ) HTML ( 1547 ) PDF (317KB) ( 1547 ) 　　　
• The changes of characteristic volatile compositions of‘Okubo’peach and ethylene release rate，as well as relevant enzyme activities stored at ambient temperature after harvest were studied. The impact of grass-type aroma reduction to flavor is greater than that of floral aroma increase; Taking the ratio of grass-type aroma to floral aroma as a indicator，the flavor is the best when the ratio is minimum. The ethylene release rate was significantly negative correlated with the aldehydes content and grass-type aroma content. The ACO and the LOX enzyme co-regulate the ethylene synthesis，thereby control the release of volatile compositions and affect fruit flavor.
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• Development of EST-SSR Markers in Apricot
• SHANGGUAN Ling-fei;LI Xiao-ying;NING Ning;WANG Yu-zhu;ZHANG Zhen;and FANG Jing-gui
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 43-54.
• Abstract ( 1735 ) HTML ( 1486 ) PDF (357KB) ( 1486 ) 　　　
• 15 387 ESTs of apricot from NCBI were screened using MISA software. The results showed that 1 353 SSRs were mined from 1 073 ESTs with a frequency of 8.79%. Di-，tri- and tetra nucleotide repeats EST-SSRs were dominant，accounting for 23.50%，38.80% and 23.43%，respectively. Fifty primer pairs were designed for partial EST-SSRs and used for PCR amplification with 40 primer pairs showing amplifications while 25 were polymorphic. PCR products from 7 EST-SSR primer pairs were selected for sequence analysis where 57.1% of the fragments contained SSRs. EST-SSR motifs were conserved between mei and apricot. Accordingly，the proportion of developing efficient EST-SSR primers from apricot was 3.98%. The best twenty workable EST-SSR primer pairs were chosen to generate DNA fingerprints of 24 apricot，16 flower-mei and 8 fruit-mei cultivars. Using these EST-SSR primer pairs，mei and apricot were classified into 2 groups. The EST-SSR primers designed from apricot sequences showed high polymorphism in mei varieties and exhibited high transferability between mei and apricot cultivars；Fruit-mei and flower-mei were genetically the same plant.
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• Cloning and Characterization of pds Gene in Fragaria × ananassa
• ZHU Hai-sheng;LI Yong-ping;WEN Qing-fang;and LIN Hui
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 55-60.
• Abstract ( 2014 ) HTML ( 1596 ) PDF (318KB) ( 1596 ) 　　　
• The pds cDNA sequence was cloned from strawberry fruit using RT-PCR and RACE techniques. The cDNA sequence consists of 2 043 bp with an intact open reading frame of 1 704 bp，encoding a polypeptide of 568 amino acids. Homology analysis showed that the deduced PDS protein was highly homologous to other PDS proteins from different species. Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that PDS was close to PDS of apricot. Prokaryotic expression showed Recombinant pds was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that pds can be expressed in different strawberry tissues，and the expression level was differed in these tissues，the highest expression level was detected in fruits at the red ripening stage，while moderate expression levels were found in fruits at the pink ripening stage，white fruits，flowers and green fruits，the lowest level was present in leaves.
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Vegetables

• The Floral and Seed Setting Characteristics in Two Types of Male Sterile Lines of Cabbage（Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata）
• WANG Qing-biao;FANG Zhi-yuan;ZHANG Yang-yong;LIU Yu-mei;YANG Li-mei;ZHUANG Mu;and SUN Pei-tian
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 61-68.
• Abstract ( 1852 ) HTML ( 1332 ) PDF (669KB) ( 1332 ) 　　　
• The differences of the floral characters，bee pollination and seed yield among dominant genic male sterile（DGMS）line，cytoplasmic male sterile（CMS）line and inbred（SI）line of cabbage 02-12，01-20 were studied. The results showed that the differences of the corolla diameter，stamen length，anther length，petal length，bud diameter，the proportion of dead buds at the first branch and the second branch，nectary surface area，single flower nectar volume，the number of visiting bees，the time of bees staying on the flower，seeds per siliqua and seed yield between DGMS and CMS of lines 02-12 and 01-20 were significant. Above traits in DGMS lines were significantly better than those of CMS lines. The correlation of seed yield with main flowering and seed setting characteristics was：Corolla diameter（r = 0.907，P＜0.01），the number of visiting bees（r = 0.893，P＜0.01）and the proportion of dead buds at the first branch（r =–0.891，P＜0.01）.
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• The Quantitation of Flavonoids in Leaf and Stalk of Different Celery Cultivars and the Correlation with Antioxidation Activity
• LI Kun;ZHANG Xue-jie;ZHANG De-chun;and SHAN You-xi
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 69-76.
• Abstract ( 1873 ) HTML ( 1647 ) PDF (284KB) ( 1647 ) 　　　
• The content and distribution of flavonoids in different celery varieties were investigated by HPLC and spectrophotometer，DPPH and FRAP methods were used to evaluate the correlation between the flavonoids contents and antioxidant capacity of celery. The results showed that flavonoids mainly existed in the celery leaves，composed of luteolin and apigenin，while，quercetin was trace. The contents of flavonoids in celery varieties showed quite different，‘Shengjie White Stalk’had the highest content of total flavonoids，reached 732.21 mg &#8226; kg-1，and followed by‘Zambia’，‘Shanxi Purple Stalk’and‘Shanxi Lan County’，556.93 mg &#8226; kg-1，475.74 mg &#8226; kg-1 and 346.48 mg &#8226; kg-1 respectively. The total flavonoids in variety‘Ventura’was only 241.41 mg &#8226; kg-1. The results also showed that the contents of total flavonoids detected by spectrophotometer method are 2.64–7.14 folds of that of HPLC which has the different rank of celery varieties. For the celery stalk，the correlation coefficient reached 0.843 and 0.798（P < 0.01）between
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• Fruit Setting Rate and Major Photosynthetic Characteristics of Purple Chili Peppers During Summer Conditions
• SUI Yi-hu;QIAN Chun-tao;CHEN Jin-feng;SHI Jian-lei;HU Neng-bing;and CAO Yu-jie
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 77-87.
• Abstract ( 2464 ) HTML ( 1240 ) PDF (425KB) ( 1240 ) 　　　
• An experiment was conducted in a plastic greenhouse to assess fruit setting rate and major photosynthetic and chlorophyll characteristics of purple and green chili pepper varieties in summer. For self fruit setting studies，18 and 21 purple and green varieties，respectively were hand pollinated at blossom bud stage. Similarly，10 purple and 9 green chili peppers were randomly selected for reciprocal hybridization to evaluate cross fruit setting rate. Main parameters of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured from 5 varieties of chili pepper with diverse leaf colours，green 7035，high purple 7033，medium purple 7037，slight purple 7034（with purple veins），and slight purple 7039 (with green veins)to assess the pigment content. The following results were obtained：（1）significantly higher fruit self-setting rate of purple（72.19%）than the green chili peppers（37.12%），significantly higher fruit cross-setting rate was recorded. The fruit cross setting rate was 55.99 and 21.60% when purple and green chili pepper varieties were used as female parents respectively. （2）the amount anthocyanin（An）and ratio of chlorophyll a and b（Chl. a/b）were significantly higher in leaves of purple chili than the green ones，amount Chl. a and carotenoid（Car）were also higher in most purple chili peppers，but insignificantly in amount Chl. b. （3）transpiration rate（Tr），stomatal conductance（Gs）and net photosynthetic rate（Pn）of purple and green chili pepper showed a similar trend of double peak curve. Light compensation point（LCP），light saturation point（LSP）and actual Pn during the day time of high temperatures were significantly higher while apparent quantum efficiency（AQY）were lower in all purple varieties than the green ones. （4）purple chili pepper could prevent excessive absorption of solar energy by pigment antennas besides by partly reversible inactivation of the reaction center（RC）of photosystem Ⅱ（PSⅡ）to reduce the harm of excess energy absorbed，the only strategy found in green pepper. The energy of dissipation（DIo/CS） as well as absorption（ABS/CS），capture（TRo/CS）and delivery（ETo/CS）in purple varieties 7033 and 7034 was lower，while the maximum of fluorescence（Fm），maximum of photochemical efficiency（Fv/Fm），potential photochemical efficiency（Fv/Fo）and electron transport efficiency（ETo/TRo）were higher than the green pepper.
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• Overexpression of the Potato Late Blight Resistance Genes RB and R3a and Identification of Domains Required for Recognition Specificity of R3a
• LIANG Chun-bo;CHEN Yi-li;LI Ying;and HUANG San-wen;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 87-94.
• Abstract ( 2240 ) HTML ( 2168 ) PDF (449KB) ( 2168 ) 　　　
• The potato genes RB and R3a encode coiled-coil，nucleotide binding site，leucine-rich repeat（CC-NBS-LRR）proteins and confer specific recognition to AvrB and Avr3a effectors of the late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans，manifested as a hypersensitive response（HR）at the initial site of infection. In this study，overexpression of RB and R3a were constructed by cloning coding domains to the vector which contains CaMV35S promoter. Chimerical constructs of domain swapping between R3a and its homolog I2GA1 in CC，NBS and LRR were generated by overlap extension polymerase chain reaction. The recognition capability of the overexpressing and domain swapping constructs to AvrB and Avr3a were tested by Agrobacterium transient transformation assay（ATTA）. The results showed that the expression of RB was much higher and HR appeared almost one day earlier under the control of CaMV35S promoter than the native one. For R3a，there was no difference of expression and HR observed under the control of these two kinds of promoter. Domain swapping revealed that the recognition specificity of R3a is mostly determined by the domain of LRR.
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• Comparative Mapping of the Dwarf Gene Bu from Tropical Pumpkin （Cucurbita moschata Duchesne）
• WANG Shen-hao;LI Hai-zhen;ZHANG Zhong-hua;HE Jun;JIA Chang-cai;ZHANG Fan;and HUANG San-wen;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 95-100.
• Abstract ( 2418 ) HTML ( 1562 ) PDF (379KB) ( 1562 ) 　　　
• A segregating BC6F2 population was developed using a dwarf mutant of Cucurbita moschata Duch. as donor and the vine C. maxima Duch.‘Mengri’as recurrent parent. Using the segregating population，the gene Bu was comparatively mapped on chromosome 5 of cucumber. An intron-flanking marker IF3629 was found to be tightly linked to the Bu gene，with a genetic distance of 1.0 cM. The marker IF3629 will not only be useful in markers-assisted selection for dwarf plant，but also provide a starting point toward positional isolation of the dwarf Bu gene in squash.
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Ornamental Plants

• Distant Hybridization Between Chrysanthemum and the Intergeneric Hybrids of Dendranthema and Allied Genera
• TANG Fang-ping;CHEN Su-mei;CHEN Fa-di;and FANG Wei-min
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 101-107.
• Abstract ( 1927 ) HTML ( 2399 ) PDF (461KB) ( 2399 ) 　　　
• To innovate chrysanthemum germplasm by introducing elite attributes of its allied genera，artificial hybridizations have been made between Dendranthema morifolium‘Tianzhuiyulu’（2n = 54；♀）and three intergeneric hybrids（♂）. The seed set of D. morifolium ‘Tianzhuiyulu’ ×（D. crassum × Crossostephium chinense），D. morifolium‘Tianzhuiyulu’× （D. indicum × C. chinense）and D. morifolium ‘Tianzhuiyulu’×（D. nankingense × Tanacetum vulgare）was 22.5%，12.5% and 0.25% respectively. Dual-color genomic in situ hybridization was applied for these hybrids. In D. morifolium‘Tianzhuiyulu’ × （D. indicum × C. chinense）hybrid，it contained two genomes of D. morifolium‘Tianzhuiyulu’and D. indicum. In D. morifolium‘Tianzhuiyulu’× （D. nankingense × T. vulgare）hybrid，it contained two genomes of D. morifolium‘Tianzhuiyulu’and D. nankingense. While in D. morifolium‘Tianzhuiyulu’×（D. crassum × C. chinense）hybrids，they contained three genomes of D. morifolium‘Tianzhuiyulu’，D. crassum and C. chinense. The morphology of the hybrid and its parents differed significantly from one another.
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• The Gene Structure and mRNA Expression Analysis of PMADS9 from Petunia
• CHEN Jing;LI Ming-yang;YAN Ming-xu;and GUO Yu-long
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 108-116.
• Abstract ( 1689 ) HTML ( 1764 ) PDF (462KB) ( 1764 ) 　　　
• Petunia PMADS9 gene is a member of the AGL15-like clade of MADS domain regulatory factors，and Arabidopsis AtAGL15 is considered to promote embryogenesis and repress the progression of a specific subset of age-related developmental program in the flowering plant. We cloned the genomic sequence（EU338501）of petunia PMADS9 by PCR and compared the gene structure by comparative analysis of homologous genes. The results showed that both petunia PMADS9 and tomato SIMBP11 had a long third exon and large first and second introns，which is different from other homologous genes. The Southern hybridization result showed that there may be only one copy in the genome. A real-time PCR was performed to observe the expression profiling of PMADS9. The results showed that PMADS9 preferentially expressed in anther and ovary and had low expression in other organs，which is slightly different from Arabidopsis AGL15. By using different chemical and physical treatments to the seedlings of petunia，we found PMADS9 expression responded to 2,4-D and GA3 and increased in different environment stresses which suggested it involved in plant stress resistance.
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• Analysis of Genetic Diversity Among Germplasm of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc. Using SRAP Markers
• ZHANG Jun-wei;MAO Qing-shan;and BAO Man-zhu;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 117-124.
• Abstract ( 1779 ) HTML ( 1711 ) PDF (570KB) ( 1711 ) 　　　
• In order to evaluate the genetic relationship among germplasm of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.，sequence related amplified polymorphism（SRAP）marker was used to analyze genetic diversity of 135 samples of Mei. Seventeen primer pairs generated 124 bands，106 bands（87.5%）of which were polymorphic ones. SRAP primer pairs amplified 4 to 12 bands with an average of 7.3 bands per primer pair. Revealed by NTSYS software，the SM coefficient of genetic similarity ranged from 0.556 to 0.958，with an average of 0.733，which indicated that genetic basis was relatively abundance among the 135 Mei resources. A dendrogram was constructed based on SRAP data using UPGMA cluster method. The 135 samples of Mei were classified into 7 major groups，which was basically corresponded with the genetic relationships based on morphological traits.
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Other Horticulture Plants

• Karyotype Analysis Based on Physical Mapping of the 45S rDNA and Meiotic Observations in Leonurus japonicus Houtt
• MA Yu-tao;HUI Rong-kui;CUI Ying;ZHANG Qian;and LIU Yan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 125-125–132.
• Abstract ( 1949 ) HTML ( 1214 ) PDF (576KB) ( 1214 ) 　　　
• Karyotype analysis was performed for Leonurus japonicus Houtt with the localization of 45S rDNA loci by using the rDNA from Lycopersicon esculentum as probe. The meiotic observations showed that the chromosomes were paired as 10 bivalents in its pollen mother cells at diakinesis，indicating that the plant has 2n = 20. The meiotic divisions belong to the simultaneous type and the stainability of the pollen grains was 97.10%. The signals from 45S rDNA probe were detected at the terminal parts of the short arms of second pair of chromosomes and central parts of the third pair of chromosomes. The karyotype formula was 2n = 2x = 20 = 2m + 16sm（2SAT）+ 2st，with the constitution of relative length being 2n = 2L + 8M2 + 10M1. The ratio of the longest / the shortest chromosomes（L/S）was 1.58，and the asymmetry index was 69.39. The chromosome relative length ranged from 8.05% to 12.73%，and karyotype type belonging to“3A”．The idiogram was established for the species.
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Research Notes

• Preliminary Study on Firmness and Related Physiological Indices of Three Early-ripening Apple Cultivar During Late Development of the Fruit
• LIU Chao-chao;WEI Jing-li;XU Yu-ting;JIAO Qi-qing;SUN Hai-bing;WANG Chuan-zeng;and CHEN Xue-sen;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 133-133–138 .
• Abstract ( 1950 ) HTML ( 1684 ) PDF (236KB) ( 1684 ) 　　　
• In order to study the mechanism of softening in early-ripening apple cultivars，the fruit hardness，activities of amylase，cell wall hydrolysis enzymes and ethylene production were compared among three early-ripening apple cultivars. The results indicated that：① The fruit hardness of the three cultivars decreased during fruit development，however，in 75 days after blooming date the declining ranges were different in the three cultivars. The declining range of‘Liaofu’was 35% while that of‘Taishan Zaoxia’and‘Jizaohong’were 50% and 53%，respectively；②Activity of PE and amylase of the three cultivars showed little differences. The activities of PG and Cx in‘Taishan Zaoxia’and‘Jizaohong’were significantly higher than that of‘Liaofu’，and the activities of PG and Cx in the three cultivars were negatively correlated with fruit hardness；③ Ethylene production was positively correlated with the activity of PG and Cx during fruit development.
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• Effects of Renewal Pruning on Mountain Apple Tree’s Nutrition and Growth
• LI Ming-xia;BAI Gang-shuan;YAN Ya-dan;GENG Gui-jun;and DU She-ni;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 139-139–144.
• Abstract ( 1916 ) HTML ( 1418 ) PDF (233KB) ( 1418 ) 　　　
• Compared with common pruning in Loess hilly and gully region of Northern Shaanxi，the effects of renewal pruning on mountain apple tree’s nutrition and growth at full productive age had been determined. The results showed that renewal pruning increased nitrogen，phosphorus，potassium，calcium contents in leaves and branches，and increased nitrogen，potassium and calcium contents in fruit，reduced nitrogen and calcium contents in roots，but had no significant effects on phosphorus content in fruit，phosphorus and potassium contents in roots. Renewal pruning significantly increased the proportion of long branch and medium branch，significantly reduced the proportion of short branch and leafage branch，and promoted branch robust development. Renewal pruning increased leaf area，chlorophyll content，fruit weight，fruit vitamin C and organic acid contents，but had no significant effects on fruit firmness，soluble solids，total sugar，and coloring area. Renewal pruning increased fruit yields and significantly improved orchard economic value.
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• Changes in Tannin Contents and Scavenging Activities of Free Radicals of Mopanshi Persimmon Fruits During Astringency Removal in Warm Water
• XUE Xiao-li;SHANG Li;ZHANG Jing-yao;ZHENG Zhong-ming;and LI Bao;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 145-145–150.
• Abstract ( 1966 ) HTML ( 1159 ) PDF (227KB) ( 1159 ) 　　　
• Changes in tannin contents and antioxidant activities of Mopanshi persimmon fruits during astringency removal in warm water（40 ℃）were determined. Fruit firmness，soluble solids content，total phenols content and ABTS radical scavenging activities of the persimmon fruits were also assessed. It took 24–27 hours to remove astringency. During astringency removal，fruit firmness and soluble solids content decreased gradually. Total tannin content varied between 7.32 and 10.62 mg &#8226; g-1FW；Within the first 12 hours，soluble tannin content，total phenols content and ABTS radical scavenging activities of hydrophilic compounds decreased rapidly，retaining lower levels during the rest of treatment time. While that of ABTS radical scavenging activities of lipophilic compounds showed a slightly fluctuation at a lower level. ABTS radical scavenging activites of persimmon fruits significantly presented a positive correlation with the total content of phenols.
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• Construction and Characterization of a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Library from Chinese Cabbage
• FENG Da-ling;SHI Xue-ping;YANG Yu;WANG Yan-hua;XUAN Shu-xin;ZHAO Jian-jun;and SHEN Shu-xing;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 151-151–158 .
• Abstract ( 1862 ) HTML ( 1352 ) PDF (473KB) ( 1352 ) 　　　
• A bacterial artificial chromosome library of Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis（Lour.）Olsson（Chinese cabbage）was constructed from inbred line‘85-1’with the vector pIndigoBAC-5. The key processes of the construction，such as preparation of high molecular weight DNA，selection of digested fragments，condition of ligation and transformation，were studied. The library consists of 57 600 clones in which the average insert size is about 98.4 kb and the empty clones are about 1.5%. The library represents an equivalent of 10.3 fold size of Chinese cabbage genome. Six clones randomly picked from this library show no HindⅢ fingerprint changes after 5 days’ successive culture，which indicates that the clones in the library are stable. The library will lay the foundation for gene clone，location and comparative genomics research of Brassica.
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• Establishment of SSR Fingerprinting on Autumn Cabbage Hybrids and Their Parents
• CHEN Chen;ZHANG Xing-tao;CHENG Fei;ZHUANG Mu;LIU Yu-mei;YANG Li-mei;ZHANG Yang-yong;and FANG Zhi-yuan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 159-159–164 .
• Abstract ( 1897 ) HTML ( 1609 ) PDF (513KB) ( 1609 ) 　　　
• For the purpose of cabbage cultivar identification，SSR technology was used to establish fingerpringting for 18 cabbage accessions included six F1 hybrids（Jingfeng 1，Wanfeng，Zhonggan 8，Zhonggan 18，Zhonggan 19 and Zhonggan 22）and their parents. Based on the previous research on development of EST-SSR marker in cabbage，26 EST-SSR primer pairs were assessed validation of the amplification in above cabbage accessions. Used five primer pairs BoE974，BoE916，BoE337，BoE316 and BoE222，SSR fingerprint was obtained for six cabbage F1 hybrids and their parents，which was able to distinguish all of the 18 accessions. Moreover，Primer BoE222 was applied in purity identification of Jingfeng 1 hybrid，the result indicated that 90 of 99 were ture hybrid seeds，the purity was 90%.
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• Effect of Low Temperature on Bud Break and Changes of Endogenous Hormones of Asparagus
• MIAO Jin-long;NIE Lan-chun;SHI Li-zhe;GAO fei;and JIA Li-li
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 165-165–170 .
• Abstract ( 1729 ) HTML ( 1112 ) PDF (197KB) ( 1112 ) 　　　
• Three-year-old plants of‘Applo’were used to study the effect of low temperature on bud break and changes of endogenous hormones in bud of asparagus（Asparagus officinalis Linn）. The results showed that asparagus plant showed rapid bud break and spear growth when it was incubated on Oct. 30. But when it was incubated on Nov. 14 or 29，bud break and spear harvest decreased. While when it was incubated on Dec. 14 or later，the bud break had no difference with that incubated on Oct. 30，but spear harvest increased. These results suggested that once asparagus plants underwent the period of dormancy induced by the chilling in winter，they needed sufficient chilling duration to restore the activity of bud break and spear growth. The experiment of different low temperature treatment revealed that 2 ℃ 30 d or 5 ℃ 45 d could sastify the chilling duration of‘Applo’. During natural or treated chilling period，the content of GA3，IAA and ZR in bud of asparagus was relatively stable，but the content of ABA increased during dormancy stage，and then decreased rapidly to a lower level. The changes of ABA content had close relationship with dormancy and dormancy-breaking of asparagus.
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Review

• Advances in Resveratrol Research of Grape
• LI Xiao-dong;HE Qing;ZHENG Xian-bo;DONG Jian-guo;and FAN Pei-ge;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 171-171–184.
• Abstract ( 1703 ) HTML ( 3648 ) PDF (329KB) ( 3648 ) 　　　
• According to the related literatures the advances in resveratrol（Res）research of grape（Vitis L.）were reviewed involving the prevention and treatment effects on human disease and the roles in plant disease resistance of Res，the extraction and determination methods，the contents，the biosynthesis and modifications of Res in grapes，etc. And the future studies should focus on the disease resistance mechanisms of Res in grapes，genetic analysis and hereditary researchs of the high-Res content grape genotypes，and the enzymatic and molecular mechanisms of Res synthesis in critical period of grape berry developments.
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New Cultivars

• A New Late-ripening Nectarine Cultivar‘Zhongyoutao 8’
• NIU Liang;LIU Shu-e;LU Zhen-hua;SONG Yin-hua;ZONG Xue-pu;and WANG Zhi-qiang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 185-185–186 .
• Abstract ( 3925 ) HTML ( 1038 ) PDF (158KB) ( 1038 ) 　　　
• ‘Zhongyoutao 8’is a late-maturing nectarine cultivar bred by artificial pollination. The flower is nonshowy with much pollen. It’s self-fruitful and the yield is high and stable. Its fruit is round，with the average fruit weight 180–200 g and fully covered by deep red color. Its flesh is yellow，melting. The soluble solids content and total titratable acid content are 13%–16% and 0.41%，respectively. The stone is cling. The fruit development period is about 125 days. It ripens in early August in Zhengzhou，China.
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• A New Very Early-ripening Sweet Nectarine Cultivar‘Qinguang 4’
• HAN Ming-yu;TIAN Yu-ming;ZHANG Man-rang;WANG An-zhu;ZHAO Cai-ping;WANG Shu-li;and LIU Hang-kong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 187-187–188.
• Abstract ( 1996 ) HTML ( 1187 ) PDF (186KB) ( 1187 ) 　　　
• ‘Qinguang 4’nectarine（Pranus persica var. nectariana Maxim）is a new very early-ripening nectarine cultivar selected from cross combination‘82-4-33’בHuaguang’. The fruit development period is 64 days. The fruit shape is ellipse. Its average fruit weight is 133 g，the biggest is 215 g. The fruit skin cover deep red color. The flesh is white with cling stone. It tastes sweet and rich flavor with very strong aroma. The soluble solids content is 13.8%. It has high yield .
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• A New Late-maturing Litchi Cultivar‘Jinggang Hongnuo’Resistant to Fruit Cracking
• YE Zi-xing;HU Gui-bing;CHEN Jie-zhong;LIU Cheng-ming;ZHENG Wei-tao;LI Bin;LIN Chu-xiong;and LIAO Jin-rong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 189-189–190.
• Abstract ( 2244 ) HTML ( 1156 ) PDF (147KB) ( 1156 ) 　　　
• ‘Jinggang Hongnuo’was selected from the open-pollinated seedlings of litchi. The average fruit weight is 23.5 g. The fruit is mostly heart-shaped with scarlet skin，which exhibits cracking resistance with pericarp thickness 1.62 mm. The flesh tastes pure sweet（20% TSS），and possess both the flavor of ‘Nuomici’and the texture of‘Guiwei’litchi cultivar. The seeds are generally aborted with an abortion ratio around 80% and flesh recovery of 77.3%.‘Jinggang Hongnuo’is a promising cultivar for its vigour growth，late-maturing，and resistance to downy mildew of litchi.
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• A New Early-maturing Chinese Cabbage Cultivar‘Duokang 55’
• MU Jin-gui;WANG Ming-qiu;LIU Xiao-dong;LIU Xue-min;and WANG Yu-hai
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 191-191–192.
• Abstract ( 1658 ) HTML ( 1135 ) PDF (173KB) ( 1135 ) 　　　
• ‘Duokang 55’is a new early-maturing Chinese cabbage hybrid cultivar，with high quality and diseases resistance，which crossed by self-incompatibles cultivar‘XZ55’and autogamy cultivar‘Xiaobao’. Its growth development period is 55 days. Its height is 29.4 cm，and expansion is 54.6 cm × 51.4 cm. The head is ball. The out leaves color is light green. The leaves inside is fresh and tender，less fiber. Texture is lightly sweet，fragile and tender. Soft leaves rate is 58.2%. The average ball weight is 1.6 kg，net rate is 75%. The average yield is 90 000–97 500 kg &#8226; hm-2. The head ball will not crack over 55 days in growth period. It is resistant to downey mildew，virus disease and black rot，heat-resisting. It can be planted in Hebei Province and the area with climate similar to Hebei.
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• An Overwintering Spring Cabbage Cultivar‘Bochun’
• LI Jian-bin;WANG Shen-yun;WANG Hong;WAN Yan-ling;and DING Wan-xia
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 193-194.
• Abstract ( 1688 ) HTML ( 1103 ) PDF (148KB) ( 1103 ) 　　　
• ‘Bochun’is an overwintering spring cabbage hybrid which is developed by crossing two self-incompatible lines of‘Y9805’בY5-3-14’. The head is bovine heart-shaped，the single head weight is about 1.2 kg，with tender leaves and good quality. It is tolerant to cold，and premature bolting. It takes about 144 days from planting to harvest for overwintering in open field. It is suitable to be cultivated in South of China，especially the Yangtze River.
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• A New Chinese Kale Cultivar‘Xiacui Jielan’
• LI Gui-hua;CHEN Han-cai;SONG Zhao;ZHANG Yan;CAO Jian;and CHEN Qiong-xian
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 195-196.
• Abstract ( 1533 ) HTML ( 1186 ) PDF (396KB) ( 1186 ) 　　　
• ‘Xiacui Jielan’is an early-maturing cultivar which crossed by self-incompatibility system and Chinese kale. It is good in quality. The leaves are oval，18.5 cm in length and 18.1 cm in width. Main sprouts are 17 to 20 cm，2.0 to 2.5 cm in thick，with 110–150 g in single sprout weight.‘Xiacui Jielan’showed waterlogging tolerance，strong disease resistance and adaptability. It is suitable for producing in August to early October in Guangzhou Province.
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• New Medlar Cultivars‘Yanqi’and‘Haiqi’
• ZHANG Xiu-mei;YANG Li-lin;LIU Xiao-jing;and JI Qing-ju
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 197-197–198.
• Abstract ( 1706 ) HTML ( 1530 ) PDF (189KB) ( 1530 ) 　　　
• ‘Yanqi’and‘Haiqi’were selected from natural species of medlar. Both of them have good quality，high yield and resistance to salt and drought. ‘Yanqi’has better fresh fruit shape while it is easy to be dried. The average weight of single fruit was 0.56 g，and the contents of soluble solids，polysaccharide，and total sugar are 20.58%，3.52% and 46.23% respectively. ‘Haiqi’has bigger fruit size and higher polysaccharide content than general medlar cultivar. The average weight of single fruit was 0. 65 g. The contents of soluble solids，polysaccharide and the total sugar are 21.61%，4.03% and 43.35% respectively.
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• A New Late-ripening Cajanus cajan Cultivar‘CAF5’
• WAN You-ming;LI Zheng-hong;MA Hong;LIU Xiu-xian;GU Yong;LI Li;and LIANG Ning
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(1): 199-199–200.
• Abstract ( 1247 ) HTML ( 1060 ) PDF (194KB) ( 1060 ) 　　　
• ‘CAF5’is a new cultivar of Cajanus cajan，bred from endemic pigeonpea cultivars of Lufeng，Yunnan Province. Single plant selection and group selection were applied into the breeding course. Its growth period ranges 259–266 days and average number of pod per plant is 1 176.5 ± 469.2；Each pod contains（5.1 ± 0.5）beans；100 seeds weight（7.94 ± 0.58）g. Total seed weight per plant is up to（242.67 ± 95.14）g.
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