Research Progress on the Color Development of Blue Flowers of Monocots

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0572

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (10): 2018-2030.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0572

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Research Progress on the Color Development of Blue Flowers of Monocots

LOU Qian¹^,³, LIU Bing¹^,³, HU Bichun¹^,³, HOU Ting¹^,³, LIU Yali²^,³^,^*()

¹College of Horticulture,Northwest A & F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China
²College of Landscape Architecture and Arts,Northwest A & F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China
³Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas,Northwest A & F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China

Received:2021-06-16 Revised:2021-09-07 Online:2021-10-25 Published:2021-11-01
Contact: LIU Yali E-mail:lyl6151@126.com

Abstract

Abstract:

The monocotyledon(sensu APGⅢ),with more han 65 000 species in 78 families. Blue flowers occur in only 74 genera in 10 families and most of them are derived groups with a higher degree of evolution. This review overviewed the mechanisms of blue flower color development by anthocyanins. Next,we summarized the research progress of pigmentation in blue flowers of Asparagaceae,Iridaceae,Amaryllidaceae,Tecophilaeaceae,Commelinaceae,Pontederiaceae and Liliaceae. Then the blue structural color observed in a few monocots were mentioned. In addition,the main strategies and problems of blue flower breeding of monocot were discussed.

Key words: monocots, flower color, blue flower, color development mechanism, breeding

CLC Number:

LOU Qian, LIU Bing, HU Bichun, HOU Ting, LIU Yali. Research Progress on the Color Development of Blue Flowers of Monocots[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(10): 2018-2030.

Figures/Tables 4

Fig. 1 Blue flowers occur in 74 genera in monocotyledon

Fig. 2 Blue flowers discussed in this article a.Agapanthus praecox;b. Allium schoenoprasum;c. Iris ensata;d. Hyacinthus orientalis;e. Muscari‘Armeniacum’;f. Bletilla striata‘Murasaki Shikibu’;g. Vanda coerulea;h. Tecophilaea cyanocrocus;i. Commelina communis;j. Eichhornia crassipes;k. Tulipa gesneriana‘Murasakizuisho’（Shoji et al.,2007）;l. Phalaenopsis equestris.

Fig. 3 Blue flowers occur in 16 genera in monocotyledon a. Hosta（leaf）;b. Ypsilandra（anther）;c. Dianella（fruit）.

Fig. 4 Blue structure color of Tulip（a,b）and Pollia condensata（c-e） a.The dark violet coloration is due to the pigment,whereas the blue appearance of the petal edge contains a contribution from the grating interference. b. Cryo-SEM image of the petal epidermis（Fernandes et al.,2013）. c. Single fruit from dried herbarium specimen. d. Infructescence （cluster of fruits）;e. 3D representation of the cellulose microfibrils that constitute the thick cell wall in layer 1 microfibril assembly and a transmitted circularly polarized beam（Vignolini et al.,2012）.

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Research Progress on the Color Development of Blue Flowers of Monocots

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